Prosodic Patterns to be Encoded in Editions

by Dániel Balogh & Arlo Griffiths

Introduction

Prosodic notation in XML code (@type="xml") and conventional symbols (@type="prosody")

XML notation Prosody
one short/light syllable - ⏑
one long/heavy syllable + -
one syllable of indeterminate length (anceps) = ⏓
two morae (one long or two short syllables) 2 ⏕
larger moraic foot or colon numeral(s)
foot boundary | |
caesura || ||
boundary of odd and even quarter /

Prosody Tables


Syllabo-quantitative metres

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
1
  • nanda (kaw)
=⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
2
  • bhadra (kaw)
+=–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
3
  • bhadrokti (kaw)
  • nārī (kaw)
++=––⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
4
  • vanamr̥gī (kaw)
+++=–––⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
5
  • paṅkti (san)
  • vijayanti (kaw)
  • rasanetra (kaw)
+--+=–⏑⏑–⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 2, № II.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
6
  • tanumadhya (kaw)
++--+=––⏑⏑–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
6
  • kusumitagandha (kaw)
  • kusumitajanma (kaw)↓1
----+=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974↓2.
7
  • madhumatī (san)
  • madhukaralalita (kaw)
------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 15, № II.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
7
  • madalekha (kaw)
+++--+=–––⏑⏑–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
7
  • sumānikā (san)
+-+-+-=–⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ra-ja-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 15, № II.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
7
  • kumāralalita (kaw)
-+---+=⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏓
8
  • vatāpathya (kaw)
  • pathya (kaw)
-+++-++=⏑–––⏑––⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
8/8
  • śāpāntika (kaw)
++-----=/++--+--=––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓/––⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓↓3 Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • vitana (kaw)
+--+---=–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓↓4 Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • vitāna (kaw)
+--+--+=–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • māṇavakakrīḍita (kaw)
+--++--=–⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • vidyutmālā (kaw)
  • vidyunmālā (san)
+++++++=–––––––⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 3, № I.A.8.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • bhramaravilambita (kaw)
----+--=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • pramāṇikā (san)
-+-+-+-=⏑–⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ja-ra-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 3, № I.A.8.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8/8
  • anuṣṭubh (san)
====-++=/====-+-=⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑––⏓/⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓↓5 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 3, № I.A.8.1.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • na-vipulā (san)
===+---=⏓⏓⏓–⏑⏑⏑⏓↓6 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • bha-vipulā (san)
=+-++--=⏓–⏑––⏑⏑⏓↓7 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • ma-vipulā (san)
=+-++||++=⏓–⏑––||––⏓↓8 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • ra-vipulā (san)
===++-+=⏓⏓⏓––⏑–⏓↓9 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
9/18
  • bhujagaśiśubhr̥tā (san)
  • bhujagaśiśukr̥ta (kaw)
  • bhujaṅgaśiśukr̥ta (kaw)
  • bhujagaśiśusr̥ta (kaw)
------++=/-+---------------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓/⏑-⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na–na–ma/na-na-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 3, № I.B.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
9
  • halamukhī (san)
  • halamukha (kaw)
+-+-----=–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
10
  • tvaritagati (san)
  • turidagati (kaw)
----+----=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 3, № I.B.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
10
  • śuddhavirāt (san)
  • ambək śuddha (kaw)
+++--+-+-=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
10
  • rukmavatī (san)
  • sadhanaśrī (kaw)
+--+++--+=–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑–⏓bha-ma-sa-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.B.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
10
  • paṇava (san)
  • pavana (kaw)
  • panava (kaw)
  • anuntun (kaw)
+++----++=–––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓ Zoetmulder 1974.
10/11
  • vegavatī (san)
--+--+--+=/+--+--+--+=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓/–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓sa-sa-sa-ga/bha-bha-bha-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 11, № I.B.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
10/11
  • viyoginī (san)
  • prabodhitā (san)
--+--+-+-=/--++--+-+-=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓sa-sa-ja-ga/sa-bha-ra-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 11, № I.B.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, 470.
11
  • triṣṭubh (san)
-+--+--+--=⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓↓10 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • indravajrā (san)
  • jayendrabajra (kaw)
  • indrabajra (kaw)
++-++--+-+=––⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓ta-ta-ja-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.B.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • upendravajrā (san)
  • upendrabajra (kaw)
-+-++--+-+=⏑–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓ta-ta-ja-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 454, № XI.9.
11
  • dodhaka (san)
+--+--+--+=–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓bha-bha-bha-bha-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 454, № XI.10.
11
  • rathoddhatā (san)
  • bhikṣuka (kaw)
+-+---+-+-=–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ra-na-ra-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • śālinī (san)
  • salisir (kaw)
+++++-++-+=–––––⏑––⏑–⏓ma-ta-ta-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.8.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • vātormī (san)
  • vimala (kaw)
  • vātormimāla (kaw)
++++--++-+=––––⏑⏑––⏑–⏓ma-bha-ta-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.8.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • svāgatā (san)
+-+---+--+=–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓ra-na-bha-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.9.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • upajāti (san)
  • upasthita (kaw)
=+-++--+-+=⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11
  • bhramaravilasita (san)
++++------=––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ma-bha-na-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 4, № I.A.11.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 454, № XI.18.
11
  • vr̥ntā (san)
  • madhugulāmr̥tta (kaw)
  • vr̥tta (kaw)
--------++=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓na-na-sa-ga-ga Zoetmulder 1974.
11/11
  • upacitra (san)
--+--+--+-=/+--+--+--+=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓/–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓sa-sa-sa-la-ga/bha-bha-bha-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 11, № I.B.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11/12
  • aparavaktra (san)
------+-+-=/----+--+-+-=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓na-na-ra-la-ga/na-ja-ja-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 10, № I.B.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11/12
  • hariṇaplutā (san)
--+--+--+-=/---+--+--+-=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓sa-sa-sa-la-ga/na-bha-bha-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 11, № I.B.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
11/12
  • mālabhāriṇī (san)
--+--+-+-+=/--++--+-+-+=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓sa-sa-ja-ga-ga/sa-bha-ra-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 28, № II.III.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • toṭaka (san)
--+--+--+--=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓sa-sa-sa-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • bhujaṁgaprayāta (san)
  • bhujaṅgaprayatna (san)
  • bhujaṅgaprayāta (san)
-++-++-++-+=⏑––⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓ya-ya-ya-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • indravaṁśā (san)
++-++--+-+-=––⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ta-ta-ja-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.1.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • jagatī (san)
↓11 Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • kusumavicitrā (san)
  • kusumavicitra (kaw)
  • kusumapadānta (kaw)
----++----+=⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓na-ya-na-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 17, № II.I.12.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 455, № XII.6.
12
  • śrīpuṭa (san)
------+++-+=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏑–⏓na-na-ma-ya Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • navamālinī (kaw)
----+-+---+=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏓ Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 455, № XII.4.
12
  • tāmarasa (san)
  • lalitapadā (san)
  • svādamālinī (kaw)
----+||--+--+=⏑⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏓na-ja-ja-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, № I.A.12.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 455, № XII.4.
12
  • maṇimālā (san)
++--++||++--+=––⏑⏑––||––⏑⏑–⏓ta-ya-ta-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.11.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • drutavilambita (san)
---+--+--+-=⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓na-bha-bha-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • pramitākṣarā (san)
  • bhramitākṣara (kaw)
--+-+---+--=⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓sa-ja-sa-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.9.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 455, № XII.11.
12
  • jaloddhatagati (san)
-+---+||-+---=⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓ja-sa-ja-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 455, № XII.14.
12
  • vaṁśamālā (san)
=+-++--+-+-=⏓–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ Apte 1890↓12.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • vaṁśastha (san)
  • vaṅśastha (kaw)
-+-++--+-+-=⏑–⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ja-ta-ja-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.12.13.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • vaiśvadevī (san)
+++++||+-++-+=–––––||–⏑––⏑–⏓ma-ma-ya-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.12.14.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12/13
  • puṣpitāgrā (san)
------+-+-+=/----+--+-+-+=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓na-na-ra-ya/na-ja-ja-ra-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 11, № I.B.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13
  • mañjubhāṣiṇī (san)
--+-+---+-+-=⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓sa-ja-sa-ja-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.13.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13
  • mattamayūrī (san)
  • mattamayūrā (kaw)
  • mattamayūra (kaw)
++++||+--++--+=––––||–⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏓ma-ta-ya-sa-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.13.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13
  • praharṣiṇī (san)
+++||----+-+-+=–––||⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑–⏓ma-na-ja-ra-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.13.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13
  • rucirā (san)
  • rucira (kaw)
  • śasadana (san)
-+-+||----+-+-=⏑–⏑–||⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ja-bha-sa-ja-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 6, № I.A.13.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
14
  • asaṁbādhā (san)
  • sambaddha (kaw)
+++++||------++=–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓ma-ta-na-sa-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
14
  • aparājitā (san)
------+-+--+-=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓na-na-ra-sa-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
14
  • praharaṇakalikā (san)
------+||------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-bha-na-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
14
  • vasantatilakā (san)
  • basantatilakā (kaw)
++-+---+--+-+=––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓ta-bha-ja-ja-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 458, № XIV.6.
14/15
  • madhyakṣāmā (san)
  • haṁsaśyenī (san)
  • kuṭila (san)
  • kuvalayakusuma (kaw)↓13
++++------+++=/++-+------++++=––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––⏓/––⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––––⏓ma-bha-na-ya-ga-ga/ta-bha-na-ya-ma Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 458, № XIV.6.
14/15
  • śaśikalā (san)
  • maṇiguṇanikara (kaw)
-------------=/--------------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓/⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-na-na-la-ga/na-na-na-na-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.14.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 458, № XIV.6.
15
  • mālinī (san)
------++||+-++-+=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––||–⏑––⏑–⏓na-na-ma-ya-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 7, № I.A.15.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
15
  • mr̥dukaralalita (kaw)
++++------++++=––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––––⏓ma-bha-na-ta-ma
15
  • viṣasmara (kaw)
--+-+---+-+---=⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓sa-ja-sa-ja-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 459, № XV.5.
16
  • giriśa (kaw)
  • girisa (kaw)
------+++++----=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-ma-ta-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 459, № XVI.1.
16
  • gajavilasita (san)
  • r̥ṣabhagajavilasita (san)
  • vr̥ṣabhagativilasita (kaw)
  • gajavr̥ṣabhavilasita (kaw)
+--+-+---------=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-na-na-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 459, № XVI.1.
16
  • vīralalita (kaw)
  • jagatpramudita (kaw)
+--+-+---+-+---=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-na-ja-na-ga Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 459, № XVI.1.
17
  • hariṇī (san)
-----+||++++||-+--+-=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––––||⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓na-sa-ma-ra-sa-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.7.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
17
  • nardaṭaka (san)
  • avitatha (san)
  • rajanī (kaw)
  • avitāna (kaw)
----+-+---+--+--=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-ja-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 460, № XVII.2.
17
  • vilāsinī (san)
  • viśvalalita (kaw)
----+-+---+-||+---=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑||–⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga
17
  • pr̥thvī (san)
  • pr̥thvītala (kaw)
-+---+-+||---+-++-=⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–||⏑⏑⏑–⏑––⏑⏓ja-sa-ja-sa-ya-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
17
  • śikhariṇī (san)
-+++++||-----++---=⏑–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏓ya-ma-na-sa-bha-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.6.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 460, № XVII.7.
17
  • vaṁśapattrapatita (san)
  • vaṅśapattrapatita (kaw)
+--+-+---+||------=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-na-bha-na-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 461, № XVII.8.
17
  • mandākrāntā (san)
++++||-----+||+-++-+=––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓ma-bha-na-ta-ta-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
18
  • citralekhā (san)
  • kusumitalatā (san)
+++++||-----+||+-++-+=–––––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓ma-bha-na-ya-ya-ya-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 8, № I.A.17.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
18
  • mahāmālikā (san)
  • nārāca (san)
  • siṁhavikrīḍita (san)
  • madaharṣa (kaw)
  • mandapa (kaw)
  • vanamālā (kaw)
------+-++-++-++-=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑––⏑––⏑––⏑⏓na-na-ra-ra-ra-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 22, № II.I.18.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 461, № XVIII.1.
18
  • suvaṅśapattra (kaw)
----+-+---+------=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-na-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 461, № XVIII.2.
18
  • mr̥dukomala (kaw)
+++--+-+---+-+---=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓ma-sa-ja-sa-ja-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 461, № XVIII.6.
19
  • navaharṣa (kaw)
--+--+------+--+--=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓sa-sa-na-na-bha-bha-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Appendix III: Kakawin–Metres, page 462, № XIX.1.
19
  • śārdūlavikrīḍita (san)
+++--+-+---+||++-++-=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑––⏑⏓ma-sa-ja-sa-ta-ta-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 9, № I.A.19.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
19
  • sumadhurā (san)
++++-++||-----+||++---=––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-bha-na-ma-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 9, № I.A.19.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
19
  • karuṇalalita (kaw)
+-+---------+-----=–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ra-na-na-na-bha-na-ga
20kr̥ti
--+-+---+------+-+-=⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 463, № XX.1.
20
  • citraturida (kaw)
++----++----++----+=––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓ta-na-ta-na-ta-na-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XX.6.
20
  • mr̥gāṅkacarita (san)
  • śaśāṅkaracita (san)
  • mr̥gāṅśarajanī (kaw)
  • mattarāga (kaw)
++-+---+-+---+-+---=––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓ta-bha-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 23, № II.20.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XX.7.
20
  • mattebhavikrīḍita (san)
--++--+-+---+||++-++-=⏑⏑––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑––⏑⏓sa-bha-ra-na-ma-ya-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 24, № II.20.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
20
  • puṣpacāpa (kaw)
+++--+-+---+++-++-+=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑–⏓ma-sa-ja-sa-ta-ta-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XX.8.
20
  • suvadanā (san)
++++-++||------+||++---=––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||––⏑⏑⏑⏓ma-ra-bha-na-ya-bha-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 9, № I.A.20.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XX.9.
20
  • jayakusuma (kaw)
-------+---+-+--+--=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓na-na-ja-sa-ja-ja-la-ga
21
  • citravilāpa (kaw)
----+--+------+--+--=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏓na-ja-ja-na-sa-sa-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XXI.2.
21
  • kusumavilasita (kaw)
+--+-+---+------+-+-=/+--+----------------=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓/–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-na-bha-na-ja-ra/bha-bha-na-na-na-na-sa Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 464, № XXI.6.
21
  • sragdharā (san)
  • sragdhara (kaw)
  • mandrādri (kaw)
++++-++||------+||+-++-+=––––⏑––||⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–||–⏑––⏑–⏓ma-ra-bha-na-ya-ya-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 10, № I.A.21.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
21
  • campakamālā (san)
  • pañcakāvalī (san)
  • sarasī (san)
----+-+||---+--+||--+-+-=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–||⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–||⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-ja-ja-ra Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 9, № I.A.21.1.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
22vikr̥ti
++------+-+---+------=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-ja-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
22
  • unknown (kaw)
----+-+---+------+-+-=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-na-sa-ja-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 465, № XXII.1.
22
  • madraka (kaw)
+--+-+---+||-+---+-+---=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ra-na-ra-na-ra-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 24, §II.I.22.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 465, № XXII.6↓14.
22
  • kilayu anəḍəṅ (kaw)
++------+-+---+------=––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Pages 465–466, № XXII.7.
17/23
  • bhujaṅgavilasita (kaw)
  • bhujagavilasita (kaw)
+--+-+---+-+----=/--+------+-+---+------=–⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓/⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓bha–ra–na–ra–na–la–ga/sa-na-na-ra-na-bha-na-la-ga
23
  • aśvalalita (san)
  • aśvalalita (kaw)
----+-+---+||-+---+-+---=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–||⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-bha-ja-bha-ja-bha-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, §II.I.23.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 466, № XXIII.1.
23
  • jagadnātha (kaw)
  • virat təbu sol (kaw)
  • kaləṅəṅan (kaw)
  • padmakeśara (kaw)
-+---+-+---+------+-+-=⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ja-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 466, № XXIII.3.
23
  • jagaddhita (san)
  • bhavacakra (kaw)
+++--+-+---+------+-+-=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ma-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
23
  • mattākrīḍā (san)
  • mattākrīḍā (kaw)
++++++++--------------=––––––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ma-ma-ta-na-na-na-na-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
23
  • sakrauñca (kaw)
  • krauñcapada (kaw)
+--+++--++----=--+----=–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓bha-ma-ta-bha-sa-bha-na-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
26
  • surakusuma (kaw)
  • vadaragumuluṅ (kaw)
------+------+-----------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-bha-na-ja-na-na-na-la-ga
24
  • kendran (kaw)
  • gәli (kaw)
+--+++--++------------+=–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓bha-ma-ta-bha-ma-ma-ma-ya Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
25abhikr̥ti
-+---+-+---+------+-+---=⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓ja-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 468, № XXV.1.
25
  • vidyutkara (kaw)
+++--+-+---+------+-+---=–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓ma-sa-ja-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 468, № XXV.5.
25
  • kusumasari (kaw)
------+-+--+------+-+---=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-ra-sa-na-na-ra-na-ga
26
  • pādaviśāla (kaw)
+--+++--++-------------++=–⏑⏑–––⏑⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓bha-ma-sa-bha-na-na-na-sa-ga-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, 468.
26
  • bhujaṁgavijr̥mbhita (san)
  • bhujaṅgavijr̥mbhita (kaw)
++++++++----------+-+--+-=––––––––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏓ma-ma-ta-na-na-ra-sa-la-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, §II.I.26.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974, Page 468, № XXV.5.
26
  • vahiṅ rat (kaw)
+++--------------------++=–––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏓ma-na-na-na-na-na-na-sa-ga-ga
26
  • nagakusuma (kaw)
----+---+--+---------+---=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-sa-sa-na-na-na-bha-la-ga
48
  • lalu (kaw)
------+---+-----------+----------+------+------=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-na-bha-na-na-na-na-ja-na-na-na-bha-na-ja-na-sa

Notes

↑1. The name of this meter in CK is "kusumitagandha", while in Vr̥t is "kusumitajanma".
↑2. Zoetmulder in Kalangwan (p. 451) incorrectly describes the pattern meter as ⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏓ (less one syllable).
↑3. The meter pattern of śāpāntika is slightly different in CK and Vr̥t. In CK, śāpāntika is presented as ––⏑|⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏓, while in Vr̥t ––⏑|–⏑⏑|⏑⏓.
↑4. In Vr̥t, the name of this meter is vitāna. The metric pattern is also slightly different in both CK and Vr̥t. In CK, vitana is presented as –⏑⏑|–⏑⏑|⏑⏓, while in Vr̥t vitāna has patterns as –⏑⏑|–⏑⏑|–⏓.
↑5. The second and third syllables of any quarter must not be both short in anuṣṭubh.
↑6. This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas. The second and third syllables of any quarter must not be both short.
↑7. This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas.
↑8. This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas.
↑9. This is a variation permitted in any odd line of an anuṣṭubh stanza. In encoding, this metre can only apply to lines, never to stanzas. The second and third syllables of any quarter must not be both short.
↑10. There is no simple way to codify or summarise triṣṭubh because of the degree of variation permitted. See EGD Appendix B, "Vedic trimeter".
↑11. There is no simple way to codify or summarise jagatī because of the degree of variation permitted. See EGD Appendix B, "Vedic trimeter".
↑12. Only mentioned by Apte as a variety of upajāti under Appendix A, I.A.11.3
↑13. The meter kuvalayakusuma in the Vr̥t has the 14 syllables whose the short-long patterns are identical with madhyakṣāmā in Sanskrit while the CK has the 15 syllables of kuvalayakusuma.
↑14. Zoetmulder gives the prosody erroneously as –⏑⏑|–⏑–|⏑⏑⏑|–⏑–|⏑⏑⏑|-⏑-|⏑⏑⏑|⏓ (bha-ra-na-ra-na-ra-na-ga). The 6th gaṇa is correctly -⏑- (ra) as shown in Apte's appendix, in Apte's source (Piṅgala's Chandaḥśāstra 7.26), and confirmed by actual Javanese examples.
↑15. Apte refers to this class as atikr̥ti, not abhikr̥ti.

Moraic metres

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
  • āryā
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, pages 11–12, № I.D.a.1.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • gīti
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.a.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • upagīti
4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.a.3.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • udgīti
4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.a.4.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • āryāgīti
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.a.5.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • sugīti
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • anugīti
4|4|4||4|4|1|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • vallarī
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • lalitā
4|4|4||4|4|4|4|2/4|4|4||4|4|4|4|4 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.

Syllabic metres with loose constraints

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
  • trimeter
↓1 Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
8
  • pādānuṣṭubh (kaw)
  • free_octosyllabic
========⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓⏓ Apte 1890.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
Noorduyn+Teeuw 2006.

Notes

↑1. Vedic trimeter consisting of loosely constrained 11- or 12-syllable lines that do not conform to the fixed patterns of triṣṭubh or jagatī.

The vaitālīya class: metres with a moraic part and a syllabo-quantitative cadence

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
  • vaitālīya
6|+-+-=/8|+-+-=⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.b.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • aupacchandasika
6|+-+-+=/8|+-+-+=⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑–⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑–⏑–⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 12, № I.D.c.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
  • āpātalikā
6|+--+=/8|+--+=⏕⏕⏕–⏑⏑–⏓/⏕⏕⏕⏕–⏑⏑–⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.

The daṇḍaka class: metres involving many repetitions of a foot

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
  • daṇḍa (kaw)
‖+--‖+-+|⏑⏓‖–⏑⏑‖–⏑–|⏑⏓↓1
  • daṇḍaka (kaw)
---|---‖+-+‖⏑⏑⏑|⏑⏑⏑‖–⏑–‖↓2
  • malāhati (kaw)
  • malavati (kaw)
‖--+‖‖⏑⏑–‖↓3

Notes

↑1. Any number of iterations of the foot –⏑⏑, followed by –⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓.
↑2. The sequence ⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑ followed by any number of iterations of the foot –⏑–.
↑3. Any number of iterations of the foot ⏑⏑–.

Additions in need of processing

SyllableClassName(s)XMLProsodyGanaBibliography
12
  • kusumāyudha
----+------=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
10paṅkti
--------+=⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13atijagatī
----+--+-----=⏑⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓na-ja-ja-na-ga Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
12
  • candravartma (san)
  • turagagati (kaw)
+-+---+----=–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody, page 5, № I.A.12.2.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
21
  • siṅharūpa (kaw)
--+-++--------------=⏑⏑–⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓sa-ya-na-na-na-na-sa
13
  • citrālaya
--+--+------=⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974.
13
  • punarmada
--+-+---+-+-=⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏓ Apte 1890, Appendix A: Sanskrit Prosody.
Velankar 1949.
Zoetmulder 1974