Koṟṟapaṟṟu grant of Vijayāditya II

Seal

Plates

¹³ -bhū-cak⟨r⟩aḥ JFF ◇ -bhu(vana)ḥ EH • These words are quite unclear in the only facsimile I have at the moment (Elliot’s impression from Edinburgh). From that, bhū and bhu are both conceivable, and ca is more likely than va. Only the top of the next character is visible, and that confirms ka. I see no visarga, and Fleet and Hultzsch may have supplied rather than read one.
¹⁴ bhīmā(r)juna- ◇ bhīmārjuna- EH; bhīmā¿jān?⟨rjju⟩na- JFF • It seems from my not very clear facsimile that instead of a repha on top of the j, an ā marker was added to its middle prong. This is probably what Fleet’s notation was intended to convey. As far as I can tell, pre-modern correction is not present. The added stroke may have been intended as a repha, and may have been added to the middle prong instead of the top because the descender of gra in the previous line occupies the space above j.
^16–17 [kaṇḍeṟu-]/vāḍi- ◇ [4×]/vādi- EH; [?3×]/vāḍi- JFF • Hultzsch prints four asterisks for the gap, while Fleet notes that it is three or four characters in extent. Nothing is discernible in Elliot’s impression, and the extent of the gap is about the same as that of the sequence ditam astu in the next line. However, given that the village vāṇḍṟūpedayū (line 44) must, as pointed out by Kielhorn (1898-1899: page 120, note 10), be identical to va(ṇḍṟ?)(upi)(ṭeyu?) in line 15 of the Eḍeru plates, the name of the viṣaya may be confidently restored to that named in that earlier grant.
¹⁸ (vo) [’](smābhiḥ) ◯ penpaṇḍuru- JFF ◇ vaḥ (A)bhipendaṇḍuru- EH • Fleet (who prints all of this segment as clear) notes that he is certain of reading npa where Hultzsch read nda, since the end stroke of the subscript consonant is clearly continued upward. This is confirmed by Elliot’s rubbing.
¹⁹ nalūceri- EH ◇ valūceri- JFF • Fleet explicitly notes that in his opinion Hultzsch was wrong to read the first character as na. But in Elliot’s Edinborough rubbing, it is very definitely na. — ¹⁹ -(gotrāya) • Fleet prints only ya as unclear, but none of these characters are at all discernible in the Edinburgh rubbing (except, strangely, for vestiges of ya). The illegible section seems too long for three characters; perhaps sagotrāya was in fact inscribed.
²⁰ poḍeṁgu- JFF ◇ podeṁgu- EH • See the commentary on the spelling of this name here and in its subsequent iterations.
^24–25 (kanda/kuṇḍaśa)rmma/(ṇe) JFF ◇ (kāma)śarmma/ṇe EH
²⁶ -gotrā⟨ya⟩ EH ◇ -gotrāya JFF • A small ya may have been inserted inline after trā, but there is definitely no proper ya here.
³⁴ vy(ā)ya par¡as!⟨āś⟩ara-gotrāya • These characters are crowded together and compressed horizontally. They may have been written over a shorter deleted stretch.
³⁶ kārañcedu- JFF ◇ kārahaidu- EH
³⁷ kārañcedu- JFF ◇ kārahaidu- EH
³⁸ kārañcedu- JFF ◇ kārahaidu- EH
³⁹ krājaṁ- JFF ◇ krāja- EH • I wonder if the correct reading is in fact krāṁja, with the anusvāra shifted to the right. It is definitely above ja, slightly to the left of its centre.
⁴³ -vi(bhedaḥ) JFF ◇ -vic(āraḥ) EH • Fleet prints the whole word as clear. In the Edinburgh rubbing, the first two characters are unclear and the last wholly indistinct, but Fleet’s reading fits what can be made out better.
⁴⁴ vā(ṇḍ)ṟūpe(da)yū JFF ◇ vā(ṇḍhṟū)pe(dayū) EH • Fleet prints the whole of this word as clearly read. — ^44–45 gani(yyā)ra(ṁ?)/bu ◇ gan(i/a)yyāra(ṁ?)/bu JFF; gana(yyā)ra/bu EH
⁴⁵ Ete(ṣām ap?)y a(va?)(tta) JFF ◇ ca(turviṁśatyai) datta⟨ḥ⟩ EH • The Edinburgh rubbing does not help much, so I provisionally adopt Fleet’s reading, which he prints as clear except for va, though he does not venture to interpret it. The correct reading probably involves some variation on etac-catur-avadhi (this phrase is repeated at this point in line 17 of the Jaḷayūru grant of Viṣṇuvardhana III, where it is part of a complete sentence; and line 23 of the Eḍeru plates of Vijayāditya I, where it stands on its own); or possibly something like eteṣām ity āghāṭāḥ. The character Fleet reads as pya could very well be dhya, perhaps the end of the word avadhi in sandhi. — ^45–46 pa/(ñca)- JFF ◇ pa/śca- EH • Probably a typo in Hultzsch. Fleet prints ñca as clear, but the first two characters are wholly indistinct in the Edinburgh rubbing.
⁴⁹ [ti]◯[ṣṭha]ti ◇ (tiṣṭha)ti JFF; (mo)dati EH • In the Edinburgh rubbing, no trace can be made out of the two characters shown here as lost, yet both previous editors show their version as a reading, not a restoration. Checking a photo of the original may help.

Seal

Plates

^1-17Greetings. The grandson of His Majesty King (mahārāja) Vijayāditya (I) whose majesty consisted in the victory of his own arms attained in the clash of many a battle, who was adorned by a host of irreproachable (niravadya) and noble virtues, and who was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Caḷukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hāritī, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed (to kingship) by Lord Mahāsena, to whom the realms of adversaries instantaneously submit at the [mere] sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions (avabhr̥tha) of the Aśvamedha sacrifice—; the dear son of His Majesty King (mahārāja) Viṣṇuvardhana (IV) who subdued the entire territory of his enemies by the blade of his flashing scimitar, who by his conduct surpassed Nr̥ga, Nala, Nahuṣa, Ambarīṣa and Yayāti, and who gladdened his domain like Viṣṇu {who delights in his discus}; His Majesty the supremely pious Supreme Lord (parameśvara) of Emperors (mahārājādhirāja), the Sovereign (bhaṭṭāraka) Vijayāditya (II), shelter of the entire universe (samasta-bhuvanāśraya), the supreme devotee of Maheśvara, whose commands are received with humble love^↓1 by the totality of peripheral rulers (sāmanta) bowed down [both] through prowess and through [winning their] loyalty (anurāga), who has become a vessel for the triad of powers (śakti) befitting the warrior class (kṣatra), who shines with the triumph achieved through victory in numerous conflicts, a lion of a king (narendra-mr̥garāja) who devastates the cheeks of the elephants which are his enemies with his claw that is the sabre [held in] his polelike arms that are as awesome as the staff of Yama, who subdues the sextet (ṣaḍvarga) of (moral) enemies, has mastered the quartet of royal sciences and is skilled in the application of the four policies (upāya), who punishes the wicked and rewards the learned, who has conquered the circle of the earth with his valour like (Viṣṇu) the tormentor of Madhu {who stepped over the earth with his strides}, who relies on his fearsome and shining courage as Yudhiṣṭhira {is assisted by Bhīma and Arjuna}, who gladdens Sītā^↓2 like (Rāma) the son of Daśaratha, who perceives the correct way like Manu {who has shown it}, a sun to dispel the mass of darkness that is his enemies, ¿as the sun dispels darkness in a stand of lotuses?^↓3—[this Vijayāditya II] commands all householders (kuṭumbin)—including foremost the territorial overseers (rāṣṭrakūṭa)—who reside in [Kaṇḍeṟu]vāḍi district (viṣaya) as follows:

^18-43Let it be known to you that on the occasion of an eclipse of the moon we have given the village named Koṟṟapaṟṟu, with a remission of all taxes and sanctified by (a libation of) water, to twenty-four Brahmins devoted to the Vedas and Vedāṅgas and engaged in the six duties (of a Brahmin):

• to Veṇamaśarman, resident of Penpaṇḍuru, of the Kauśika gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra, who is thoroughly versed in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas
• to Caṭiśarman, resident of Nalūceri, of the Kauśika gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra
• to Vidaśarman, resident of Podeṁgu, of the Gautama gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra
• to Maviṇḍiśarman, resident of Podeṁgu, of the Saṁkr̥ti gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra
• to Yajñaśarman, resident of Podeṁgu, of the Harita gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra
• to [...]śarman, resident of Podeṁgu, of the Saṁkr̥ti gotra and the Hiraṇyakeśi sūtra
• to Kandaśarman, resident of Krovāśiri, of the Harita gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Viṣṇuśarman, resident of Urpuṭūru, of the Bhāradvājagotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Guñjadevaśarman, resident of Vaṁgipaṟṟu, of the Kauṇḍinya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Bhadraśarman, resident of Vaṁgipaṟṟu, of the Śāṇḍilya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Viṣṇuśarman, resident of Vaṁgipaṟṟu, of the Kauṇḍinya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Nārāyaṇaśarman, resident of Vaṁgipaṟṟu, of the Kauṇḍinya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Droṇaśarman, resident of Cānturu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Nārāyaṇaśarman, resident of Cānturu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Mādhavaśarman, resident of Krovaśiri, of the Harita gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Vennamaśarman, resident of Krovaśiri, of the Parāśara gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Arudiśarman, resident of Krovaśiri, of the Vatsa gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Nandiśarman, resident of Urpuṭūru, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Viṣṇuśarman, resident of Kārañcedu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Bhāramāśarman, resident of Kārañcedu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Yajñaśarman, resident of Kārañcedu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Bādadiśarman, resident of Cānturu, of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Veṇṇaśarman, resident of Krājaṁ, of the Kauṇḍinyagotra and the Āpastamba sūtra
• to Ṟompayaśarman, resident of Rāyūru, of the Āgniveśya gotra and the Āpastamba sūtra

^43-45The layout of its boundaries [is as follows]: To the east, Atūgupaṟṟu. To the south, Vānapaṟṟu. To the west, Vāṇḍṟūpedayū. To the north, Ganiyyārabu. (These are its boundaries. )^↓4 Let no-one pose an obstacle (to their enjoyment of their rights) over it. He who does so shall be conjoined with the five great sins. Vyāsa too has said:

Many (kings) have granted land, and many have preserved it (as formerly granted). Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit {reward (accrued of granting it)} belongs to him at that time.

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, shall be born as a worm in faeces for sixty thousand years.

A donor of land stays in heaven for thousands of millions of aeons, [while] a seizer (of granted land) and a condoner (of such seizure) shall reside in hell for just as long.

^49-50And Rāma has said:

Over and over again, Rāmabhadra begs all future kings thus: “Each in your own time, you shall respect this framework of legality that is universally applicable to kings!”

The executor (ājñapti) of this ruling (dharma) is Nr̥parudra, that foremost of rulers who is a brother of Narendra-Mr̥garāja, born of the Haihaya lineage.

⁵² Written (likhita) by Akṣaralalitācārya, resident of Vijayavāḍa.

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Plates

^1-17Prospérité ! Le petit-fils de l’illustre grand roi Vijayāditya, orné d’une multitude de nobles vertus, exempt de blâme, fortune de victoire remportée par son bras dans les heurts des nombreux combats, ornement de la lignée des Calukya, illustres, du même gotra que les descendants de Manu, honorés par tous les êtres, fils de Hāritī, qui obtinrent leur royaume grâce à l’excellente faveur de Kauśikī, protégés par la troupes des Mères, méditant aux pieds du seigneur Mahāsena, qui soumirent les cercles de leurs ennemis en un instant à la vue du signe de l’illustre sanglier, faveur octroyée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, dont les corps furent purifiés par les bains purificatoires de l’aśvamedha, le fils aimé du grand roi Viṣṇuvardhana, qui soumit le cercle des territoires ennemis par la lame de son épée éclatante, qui humilia par ses exploits Nr̥ga, Naḷa,Nahuṣa, Aṁbarīṣa et Yayāti, qui fit le bonheur de son royaume comme Viṣṇu a Nandaka comme disque, Narendra Mr̥ga Rāja,^↓5 dont les diadèmes de tous les feudataires, inclinés par affection devant sa majesté, caressent les commandements, devenu le vase d’élection des trois pouvoirs qui conviennent aux kṣatriya, resplendissant de l’héroïsme accumulé par ses victoires dans de nombreux combats, qui déchirait les tempes de ces éléphants qu’étaient ses ennemis, de cette griffe qu’était son cimeterre, brandi par son bras puissant pareil au bâton de Yama ; qui réprime les six ennemis intérieurs de l’homme, qui a acquis les quatre sciences royales, expert dans l’application des quatre méthodes,^↓6 qui accomplit les bienfaits prescrits pour supprimer les souillures, dont l’armée par sa vaillance a soumis la terre^↓7 comme Madhumathana avec ses [trois] pas, par sa propre vaillance, a soumis Bhū ; doué d’une bravoure terrifiante et éclante comme Yudhiṣṭhira est secondé par la bravoure de Bhīma et d’Arjuna ; il fait le bonheur de la terre comme le fils de Daśaratha fait celui de Sītā ; il montre la bonne voie comme Manu ; comme le soleil qui disperse les nuées de ténèbres que sont les ennemis sur l’étang de lotus,^↓8 très pieux, dévoué à Maheśvara, refuge de l’univers entier, l’illustre Vijayādita, grand roi des rois, seigneur suprême et excellent, ordonne ceci à tous les chefs de famille avec à leurs têtes les rāṣṭrakūṭa, habitants dans le viṣaya de [...]vāḍi :

^18-45qu’il soit connu de vous que nous donnons

• à Veṇamaśarman, habitant à Penpaṇḍuru, du gotra de Kuśika, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin, qui connaît parfaitement les Veda et Vedāṁga,
• Caṭiśarman, habitant à Valūceri, du gotra de Kuśika, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin,
• Vidaśarman, habitant à Poḍeṁgu, du gotra de Gotama, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin,
• Maviṇḍiśarman, habitant à Poḍeṁgu, du gotra de Saṁkr̥ti, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin,
• Yajñaśarman, habitant à Poḍeṁgu, du gotra de Harita, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin,
• [...]śarman, habitant à Poḍeṁgu, du gotra de Saṁkr̥ti, qui suit le sūtra d’Hiraṇyakeśin,
• Kandaśarman, habitant à Krovāśiri, du gotra de Harita, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Viṣṇuśarman, habitant à Urpuṭūru, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Guñjadevaśarman, habitant à Vaṁgipaṟṟu, du gotra de Kuṇḍinya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Bhadraśarman, habitant à Vaṁgipaṟṟu, du gotra deŚāṇḍilya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Viṣṇuśarman, habitant à Vaṁgipaṟṟu, du gotra de Kuṇḍinya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Nārāyaṇaśarman, habitant à Vaṁgipaṟṟu, du gotra de Kuṇḍinya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Droṇavaśarman, habitant à Cānturu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Nārāyaṇavaśarman, habitant à Cānturu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Madhavaśarman, habitant àKrovaśiri, du gotra de Harita, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Vennamaśarman, habitant à Krovaśiri, du gotra de Parāśara, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Arudiśarman, habitant à Krovaśiri, du gotra de Vatsa, qui suit les sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Nandiśarman, habitant à Urpuṭūru, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Viṣṇuśarman, habitant à Kārañcedu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Bhārāmāśarman, habitant à Kārañcedu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Yajñaśarman, habitant à Kārañcedu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Bādādiśarman, habitant à Cānturu, du gotra de Bhāradvāja, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Veṇṇaśarman, habitant à Krājam, du gotra de Kuṇḍilya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,
• Ṟompayaśarman, habitant à Rāyūru, du gotra d’Agnivaiśya, qui suit le sūtra d’Āpastamba,

à ces vingt-quatre brahmanes, voués aux Veda et Vedāmga, qui se consacrent à leurs six devoirs, à l’occasion de l’éclipse de lune, après avoir fait une libation d’eau, le village nommé Koṟṟapaṟṟu, exempté de toute taxe. Voici les frontières qui le délimitent : à l’est Atūgupaṟṟu, au sud Vānapaṟṟu, à l’ouest Vāṇḍṟūpedayū, au nord Ganiyyārabu. [Nous] donnons à ces vingt-quatre brahmanes ce village.^↓9 Aucune charge ne doit lui être imposée, celui qui en impose est lié aux cinq grands crimes. Et Vyāsa a dit ceci :

Beaucoup ont donné une terre, beaucoup l’ont protégée, celui qui possède la terre en possède le fruit.

Qu’elle soit donnée par lui ou par un autre, celui qui prend une terre renaît ver de terre dans les excréments pendant soixante mille ans.

Celui qui donne une terre se réjouit dans le ciel pendant dix millions de cycles cosmiques ; celui qui prend une terre ou le permet gît en enfer aussi longtemps.

^49-50Rāma a dit :

Rāmabhadra demande à tous les rois existant et à venir de protéger éternellement ce pont du dharma des rois commun à tous.

Le frère du roi Narendra Mr̥ga, né dans la lignée des Haihaya, l’excellent roi Nr̥pa Rudra est l’exécuteur de ce don.

⁵²Ceci a été gravé par Akṣara Lalitācārya, habitant à Vijayāvāḍa.