Cuttack plates of Mahābhavagupta Bhīmaratha year 3

Metadata

Current Version: draft, 2024-12-17Z

Editor: Amandine Wattelier-Bricout.

DHARMA Identifier: INSSomavamsin00019

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Corresponding Artefact:

Layout: -73 lines are observed/preserved on the artifact.

Edition

¹spiralL

I. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

svasti prema-niruddha-mugdha-manasoḥ sphārībhavac-⟨ca⟩kṣuṣor

yūnor yatra ²vicitra-nirbhara-rata-krīḍā-krama⟨ṁ⟩ tanvatoḥ|

vicchin⟨n⟩o ’pi kr̥tātimātra-pu³lakair āvirbhavat-sītkr̥tair

āśleṣair glapita-klamaiḥ smara-rasaḥ kāmaṁ mu⁴hu⟨ḥ⟩ svādyata |

II. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yatrāśeṣa-viśeṣa-rūpa-mahimāpāstāpsaraḥ kāntibhir

jā⁵terṣyā-kalaheṣv api praṇayinaḥ karṇṇotpalais tāḍitāḥ|

jāyante praviśa⁶ṅkita -smara-śara-protthāpit{t}āntar-vyathā⟨ḥ⟩

sāndr¿i?⟨a⟩ -sveda-jalāva¡ś!⟨s⟩ecana-vaśān nirvva ⁷ta-romāṅkurāḥ|

III. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

Atyu⟨t⟩tuṅga-karīndra-danta-musala-prodbhāsi-ro⟨ci⟩ś cayair

{d}dh⟨v⟩ānta-dhvaṁ⁸sana-niṣphalīkr̥ta-śaraccandrodayaiḥ sarvvadā|

yatrāsīd asatī-janasya ⁹viśadaṁ muktāmayaṁ maṇḍanaṁ

saṅketāspadam apy atīva dhavalaṁ prā¹⁰sāda-śr̥ṅgāgrataḥ|

IV. Upajāti

mahānadī-tuṅga-taraṅga-bhaṅga

-sphārocchalac-chī¹¹karavadbhir āraT

yasmin ratāsaktimad-aṅganānā⟨ṁ⟩

śr¿ā?⟨a⟩mā⟨pa⟩nodaḥ ¿kr̥?⟨kri⟩ya¹²te marudbhiḥ|

tasmāt śrī-yayāti-nagarāt|

V. Vasantatilakā

loka-traya-prathita-śubhra-ya¹³śo-vitāna

-vyāptāṣṭa-dik-prasabha-nirjita-vairi-vargaḥ|

rājā vabhūva bhuvi ¹⁴bhāvita-bhavya-mūrttiḥ

śrīmān saroja-vadano janamejayā^👤khyaḥ|

VI. Vasantatilakā

ni¹⁵rdāritāri-kari-kumbha-samūha -mukta

-muktāphala-prakara-datta-rathāṅga -dhā¹⁶raḥ

tasmād ajāyata jagat-⟨t⟩raya-gīta-kīrttir

helā-vinirjita-ripur nr̥pa¹⁷tir yayātiḥ^👤|

VII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yat-khaḍgāgra-vipāṭita-dvipa-ghaṭā-kumbhasthalād ullasa¹⁸n

muktā-jāla-vibhūṣitaṁ prati-raṇa⟨ṁ⟩ pr̥thvī-vadhūra⟨ḥ⟩sthalaṁ

śaśvad-dvāra-nama ^{⎘ plate 2r}¹⁹n-narādhipa-śiroratnāṅśu-jālāmalā

yat-pādām¡v!⟨b⟩uja-reṇavaḥ samatayā tad-ra²⁰śmi-lakṣmīṁ dadhuḥ|

VIII. Sragdhāra

mādyal-lolāli-mālākula-karaṭa-puṭā¿svā?⟨sya⟩ ndi-dāna-pravāhā²¹n

sindūrārakta-kumbhān sita-pr̥thula-radān kāmadevādisaṁjñāN|

ji²²tvājāvālam ājau patita -sura -vadhū-vismaya-smera-vaktraḥ

khaḍgī triṁśa-ke ²³rīndrān śara-nikara-hatārohakān agrahīd yaḥ|

IX. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

putras tasya ¡v!⟨b⟩abhūva dha²⁴rmma-nirataḥ śrī-bhīma^👤-pūrvvo rathaḥ khyātaḥ

kṣmāpa-niṣevyamā¿n?⟨ṇ⟩a-cara(ṇa)²⁵ś cuḍāmaṇir bhūbhujāṁ |

yo ’sau śauca-mahādhano ’pi samare lakṣmī¿ḥ?⟨ṁ⟩ pare²⁶ṣāṁ valāj

jagrāha kṣata-vairi-varga-vibhavaḥ saundarya-śobhāspadaṁ|

²⁷parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāraka-mahārājadhirāja-parame-
²⁸śvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhipati-śrī-mahāśivagu-
²⁹pta^👤-rāja-deva-pādānudhyāta-parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭṭāra-
³⁰ka-mahārājadhirāja-parameśvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgā-
³¹dhipati-śrī-mahābhavagupta^👤-rājadevaḥ kuśal¿ā?⟨ī⟩| kosala-sākhaṅga-
³²dyanhā-viṣayāya| gauḍasimiṇilli-grāme{|} tad-viṣayīya-¡v!⟨b⟩rāhmaṇān ā(saṁ)-
³³pūjya samāhartr̥-sanniyuktādhikārika-dāṇḍapā¿s?⟨ś⟩ika-pi¿s?⟨ś⟩una-vetrikā-
³⁴varodhajana-rājñī-rāṇaka-rājaputra-rājavallabhādīn sarvvān
³⁵samājñāpayati| viditam astu bhavatām yathāsmābhir ayaṅ grāma-
³⁶ḥ sa-nidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sarvva-vādhā-vivarjitaḥ sarvvoparikarādā -
^{⎘ plate 2v}³⁷na-sah¿ī?⟨i⟩taḥ{|} {catuḥ} sāmra-madhukaḥ sa-garttoṣaraḥ sa-jala-sthalaḥ{|}
³⁸śrāvastī-maṇḍa¿n?⟨l⟩e kāsīllī-bhaṭṭagrāma-vinirggatāya kosale de-
³⁹vībhoga-v¿ī?⟨i⟩ṣayīya-singoĀ-grāma-vāstavyāya kauśika-gotrā-
⁴⁰ya{|} viśvāmitra-devarāta-Audal{y}a-pravarāya kauthuma-caraṇāya cchando-
⁴¹ga-śākhādhy¿a?⟨ā⟩yine bhaṭṭa-parameśvara-pautrāya bhaṭṭa-vasiṣṭha-sutāya{|}
⁴²rāṇaka-śrī-rāccho-nāmne sūrya-grahaṇe salila-dhārā-puraḥsaram āca-
⁴³ndra-tārakārka-kṣiti-¿ṣ?⟨s⟩amakālopabhogārtha⟨ṁ⟩ mātāpitror ātmanaś ca-
⁴⁴puṇya-yaśo ’bhivr̥ddhaye tāmra-śāsa⟨ne⟩nākarīkr̥tya pratipād¿ī?ta Itye⟨va⟩ga-
⁴⁵tya samucita-kara-nikara-bhoga-bhāgād¿ī?⟨i⟩kam upanayadhiḥ su-
⁴⁶khena prativastavyam i¿k?⟨t⟩i⟨.⟩ bhāvibhiś ca bhūpatibhiḥ dattir iyam a-
⁴⁷smadīyā dharmma-gauravād asmad anurodhāc ca sva-datt¿ī?⟨i⟩r ¿ī?⟨i⟩vānupālanī-
⁴⁸y¿a?⟨ā⟩| tathā coktaṁ dharmmaśastre|

X. Anuṣṭubh

¡v!⟨b⟩ahubhir vasudhā dattā

rājabhiḥ saga⁴⁹rādibhiḥ

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ|

XI. Anuṣṭubh

mā bhūd a⁵⁰phala-śaṅk{h}ā vaḥ

para-dattet¿e?⟨i⟩ pārthivāḥ

sva-d¿att?⟨ān⟩āt phalam ānantya⟨ṁ⟩

para-da⁵¹ttānupālane|

XII. Indravajrā

ṣaṣṭh¿a?⟨i⟩ṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi

svarge modati bhūmidaḥ|

Ā⁵²kṣeptā cānumantā ca

dvau tau naraka-gāminau|

XIII. Anuṣṭubh

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ ⁵³suvarṇṇaṁ

bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāvaḥ|

yaḥ kāñcana⟨ṁ⟩ gā¿na?⟨ñ⟩ ca mahīñ ca⁵⁴dadyād

dattās trayas tena bhavanti lok¿e?⟨āḥ⟩|

XIV. Anuṣṭubh

Āsphoṭayanti pitaro

va ^{⎘ plate 3r}⁵⁵lgayanti pitāmahāḥ

bhūmi-dātā kule jātaḥ

sa nas tr¿a?⟨ā⟩t¿a?⟨ā⟩ (bha)vi(ṣya)⁵⁶ti|

XV. Anuṣṭubh

(bhūmiṁ) yaḥ pratigr̥hṇāti

yaś ca bhūmi(ṁ) prayaccha(ti)

(Ubhau tau puṇya-karmmāṇau)

⁵⁷niyata(ṁ) svarga-gāmin(au)|

XVI. Anuṣṭubh

taḍāgān(āṁ) sahasreṇa

vā(ja-peya)-śa(tena ca)

⁵⁸gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena

bhūmi-harttā na śudhyate|

XVII. Anuṣṭubh

hara(te hā)rayed yas tu

⁵⁹manda-¡v!⟨b⟩uddhis tamo-vr̥taḥ

¿ṣ?⟨s⟩a ¡v!⟨b⟩addho vāruṇaiḥ

pāśais ti(r)yag-yoni(ṁ) ¿sa?⟨ca⟩ ga⁶⁰cchati|

XVIII. Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā

yo ha¿red?⟨reta⟩ vasundharāṁ

sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥⁶¹mir bhūtvā

pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate|

XIX. Śālinī

Ādityo varuṇo viṣṇur

¡v!⟨b⟩rahmā somo ⁶¹ hutā(śa)naḥ

śūlapāṇiś ca bhagavān

abhinandanti bhūmidaṁ|

XX. Śālinī

s¿a?⟨ā⟩mānyo ’yaṁ dharmma-setu⁶³r nr̥pāṇā⟨ṁ⟩

kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ|

¿ś?⟨s⟩arvvān etān bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrāN

⁶⁴bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ|

XXI. Puṣpitāgrā

Iti kamala-dalām⟨b⟩u-¡v!⟨b⟩indu-lolāṁ

śr¿ī?⟨i⟩ya⁶⁵m anucintya manuṣya-jīvita⟨ñ⟩ ca

sa-kalam idam udāhr̥taṁ ca vu¿dvā?⟨ddhvā⟩

na hi pu⁶⁶ruṣaiḥ para-kīrttayo vilopyāḥ|

XXII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

yenātyanta-surāsurādhipa-guru⟨ḥ⟩ prajñābhimānai⁶⁷⟨r⟩ jito

rājñāropita-rājya-bhāram atula⟨ṁ⟩ yaś cāvahal līlayā|

yasyāsīn ⟨n⟩aya-vikra⁶⁸ma-dvayam api preyān sakhā sarvvadā

sa śreyān dhr̥ta-san⟨dh⟩i-vigraha-padaḥ śrī-si⁶⁹ṅgadattaḥ^👤 kr̥tī|

XXIII. Anuṣṭubh

Nāmnā maṇgaladattena^👤

kāyasthena sa [3×]

alekhi śāsanam [1×]⁷⁰saṃ

yāvac candrārka-tārakāḥ|

parama-māheśvara-parama-bhaṭ⟨ṭ⟩āraka-mahārājādhirāja-
⁷¹-parameśvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhitpati-śrī-bhīmaratha^👤devasya pra-
⁷²varddhamāna-vijaya-rājye tr̥ti-samvatsare mārgaśīrṣamāsīya-śukla-pakṣ¿a?⟨e⟩ tithau tr̥t⟨ī⟩-
⁷³yāyāṁ yatrāṅkenāpi samvat 3 mārga śudi 3ḥ| vijñāni-madhuma(lle)na utkaritaṁ

Apparatus

^line ◇ F

Translation by Amandine Wattelier-Bricout

Draft of English translation

^48-70Thus it is said in the Dharmaśāstra:

Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.

XI.

Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person and for him who protects what is given by another.

XII.

The giver of land enjoys sixty thousand years in heaven; the one who challenges [a donation] as well as the one who approves [this act] will reside as many [years] in hell.

XIII.

Gold is Agni’s first born son, Earth Viṣṇu’s wife and cows Sun’s daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.

XIV.

The Fathers are applauding and the Grand-Fathers are hopping up and down [when they can say] ‘A giver of land is born within our lineage, sure, he will deliver us!’

XV.

The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.

XVI.

The excellent gift of a cow, the one of hundreds of sacrificial foods and beverages or of thousand tanks can not purify the one who has stolen a land.

XVII.

The foolish man who seizes ou makes [a land] seized, will be covered by obscurity and bound by Varuṇa’s noose and be born again in an animal womb.

XVIII.

The one who would steal land given by himself or another becomes a worm in excrement and is cooked with his ancestors.

XIX.

Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śūlapāṇi and the Lord rejoice the land-giver.

XX.

Rāmabhadra begs repeatedly to all these future kings: this bridge of Dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it.

XXI.

Having considered that fortune and human life were as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that the entire world is an illustration, let the glorious acts mabe by others not be destroyed by men.

Ébauche de traduction en français

^48-70Ainsi est-il dit dans le Dharmaśāstra:

Des terres ont été données par des centaines de rois à commencer par Sagara. C’est à celui qu’appartient ces terres à un moment donné, que revient le bénéfice.

XI.

N’ayez aucun doute sur le bénéfice retiré de ce qui est donné par un autre, ô fils de Pr̥thu, le bénéfice est éternel aussi bien pour celui qui donne que pour celui qui protège ce qui est donné par un autre.

XII.

Celui qui donne des terres se réjouit durant soixante mille ans aux cieux, mais celui qui consteste [un don] ou celui qui approuve [cette contestation] séjournera aussi longtemps en enfer.

XIII.

L’Or est le premier fils né d’Agni, la Terre est l’épouse Viṣṇu et les vaches sont les filles du Soleil; celui qui donne de l’or, des vaches et des terres, par ces trois sortes de dons les mondes lui appartiennent.

XIV.

Les pères applaudissent, les ancêtres trépignent de joie [quand ils peuvent dire:] ‘Un donateur de terres est né dans notre lignée, assurément, celui-ci sera notre sauveur!’

XV.

Celui qui reçoit un don de terre et celui qui l’offre, tous deux sont des hommes aux actes méritoires qui sans aucun doute iront au ciel.

XVI.

Celui qui a volé une terre, l’excellent don d’une vache, une centaine de mets et breuvages sacrificiels, un millier de réservoirs ne peuvent le purifier.

XVII.

L’insensé qui se saisirait ou ferait saisir [une terre], couvert d’obscurité et lié par les lacets de Varuṇa renaîtra dans une matrice animal.

XVIII.

Celui qui vole une terre donnée par lui-même ou par un autre, devient un ver dans des excréments et cuit avec ses ancêtres.

XIX.

Il est loué par Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śūlapāṇi et le Bienheureux celui qui donne des terres.

XX.

À de nombreuses reprises, Rāmacandra a exhorté les rois futurs [en ces termes]: ce pont du Dharma commun à tous les rois, vous devez toujours le protéger.

XXI.

Ayant considéré que fortune et vie humaine sont aussi éphémères qu’une goutte d’eau sur un pétale de lotus et que le monde entier n’est qu’une représentation, ne laissons pas des hommes détruire les actes glorieux accomplis par d’autres.

Commentary

Object: grant of a village to a Brahmin by the reigning king.

Bibliography

First edited by Fleet 1894–1895: № F, pages 355–359 from the original plates, which he obtained for examination from Mr. Beames in 1883 or 1884.

Primary

Fleet, John Faithfull. 1894–1895. “Records of the Somavamsi Kings of Katak.” EI 3: 323–59.

№ F, pages 355–359. [siglum F]

Rajaguru, Satyanarayan. 1966. Inscriptions of Orissa, Vol. 4. Sri Sarada Press. [https://archive.org/details/inscriptions-of-orissa-v04-1966].

№ 32, pages 205–211. [siglum R]

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass.

№ XVIII, pages 257–262. [siglum S]

Secondary

Hira Lal, Rai Bahadur. 1911–1912. “The Sirpur Stone Inscription of the Time of Mahasivagupta.” EI 11: 184–201.

Page 200.

Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A List of the Inscriptions of Northern India in Brahmi and Its Derivative Scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [https://zenodo.org/records/3360216].

№ 1570.

Tripathy, Snigdha. 2010. Descriptive Topographical Catalogue of Orissan Inscriptions. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors.

Pages 145–146.

Acharya, Subrata Kumar. 2014. Copper-Plate Inscriptions of Odisha: A Descriptive Catalogue (circa Fourth Century to Sixteenth Century CE). New Delhi: D. K. Printworld.

№ 29, pages 262–263.

Notes

↑1. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 23 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑2. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 85 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑3. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 123 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑4. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 5 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑5. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 20 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑6. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 29 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑7. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 137 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑8. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 64 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑9. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 132 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑10. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 4 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑11. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 117 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑12. This verse corresponds to the verse numbered 71 among the Stanzas on Bhūmidāna listed by Sircar (see Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑13. Ce vers correspond au vers 23 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑14. Ce vers correspond au vers 85 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑15. Ce vers correspond au vers 123 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑16. Ce vers correspond au vers 5 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑17. Ce vers correspond au vers 20 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑18. Ce vers correspond au vers 29 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑19. Ce vers correspond au vers 137 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑20. Ce vers correspond au vers 64 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑21. Ce vers correspond au vers 132 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑22. Ce vers correspond au vers 4 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑23. Ce vers correspond au vers 117 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).
↑24. Ce vers correspond au vers 71 des stances relatives aux dons de terre listées par Sircar (voir Sircar 1965: appendix II, pages 170–200).