Sonpur plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17

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Current Version:  draft, 2024-12-17Z

Editor:   Amandine Wattelier-Bricout.

DHARMA Identifier: INSSomavamsin00009

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    Corresponding Artefact:

    Layout: -51 lines are observed/preserved on the artifact.

    Edition

    1Om svasty amala-maṇi-kuṭṭima-sadana¿c?⟨v⟩alayanaikavaravāravilāsijīja-
    2nacaraṇanṛpuraracatrast{r}apārā¿p?⟨v⟩atakula-pakṣa-svana¡v!⟨b⟩dhigitidaśagnānā-
    3de¡s!⟨ś⟩āntarādāgatavandijanavistāritak¿i?⟨ī⟩rttirvvividha-vidyālaṁkṛta-vidvajjanaja-
    4nitakāvyālāpastutadhanapativibhavastyārddhitaracita-vicitra-prāsādāṭṭā-
    5likhādevakuledyāna-vana-vāpī-kūpa-taḍāgopa¡s!⟨ś⟩obhājitatasurapurama-
    6himnaḥ| pracaṇḍadordaṇḍa-maṇḍalāgratuṇḍa-khaṇḍitārātimatta-
    7mātaṅga-vimukta-muktāphala-prasādhitā¡s!⟨ś⟩eṣa-mahī-maṇḍala-
    8sakala-bhūpāla-mauli-mālāvilagnamāṇikyamay¿u?⟨ū⟩kha-vrātābhir añji-
    9ta-krama-kamala-yugalāT śrīmadārāmāT parama-bhaṭṭāraka-mahārājā-
    10dhirāja-parameśvara-parama-māheśvara-śrī¡s!⟨ś⟩ivagupta-deva-pādānudhyā-
    11ta-paramamāheśvara-paramabhaṭṭāraka-mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara -
    ⎘ plate 2r 12somakulatilakatrikaliṅgādhipatiśrīmahābhavaguptarājadevaḥ ku¡s!⟨ś⟩a-
    13lī kosalāyāṁ luputurālhaṇḍāprati¡v!⟨b⟩addhagottaIkelāgrāāme| ¡v!⟨b⟩rāhmaṇāN saṁp¿u?⟨ū⟩jya tadviṣa-
    14yīya-yathākālādhyāsinaḥ samāhartṛ-sannidhātṛ-dāṇdapā¡s!⟨ś⟩ika-pi¡s!⟨ś⟩una-vetṛkā-
    15varodhajana-rājavallabhādīN sarvvāN samājñāpayati| viditam astu bhavatāṁ| ya-
    16thāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmaḥ sanidhiḥ sopanidhiḥ sarvva¡v!⟨b⟩ādhāvivarjjitaḥ sarvvoparika-
    17rakarādāna-sametaḥ sām{v}ramadhukaḥ sagarttoṣaraścatu⟨ḥ⟩sīmāpa-
    18ryantaḥ sa-jala-sthala-sahitaḥ| khadirapadra-vinirggatāya suvarṇṇa-
    19pura-vāstavyāya śrī-kamalavana-vaṇik-sthānāya saliladhārā-puraḥsaramāca-
    20ndra-tārakārka-kṣiti-samakālopabhogārthaṁ māt¿ṛ?⟨ā⟩-pitror ātmanaś ca puṇya-ya¡s!⟨ś⟩o
    21’bhivṛddhaye tām{v}ra¡s!⟨ś⟩āsanenākarīkṛtya pratipādita Ity avagatya samucita-
    22bhoga-bhāga-kara-hiraṇyādibhir bhavadhiḥ sukhena prativastavyaṁ| Anenāpi prā-
    23pta{ṁ}¡s!⟨ś⟩āsanena suvaṛṇṇapurīya-śrī-kamala-vanavanak sthānena ¡v!⟨b⟩li-caru-naivedya -
    ⎘ plate 2v 24khaṇḍa-sphuṭita-pratikaraṇārya śrī-ke¡s!⟨ś⟩ava-śrī-Āditya-bhaṭṭarakābhyāṁ| devakul¿o?⟨ā⟩-
    25bhyāṁ ¡s!⟨ś⟩āsanīkṛtya pradatta⟨ḥ⟩| bhāvibhiś ca bhūpatibhir dattir iya{ṁ}m asmadīyā dharmagau-
    26ravād asmad-anuro⟨d⟩hāc ca sva-dattir i¿y?⟨v⟩ānupalanīyā| tathā coktaṁ dharma¡s!⟨ś⟩āstre|

    I. Anuṣṭubh
    27¡v!⟨b⟩ahubhir vasudhā dattā
    rājabhiḥ sagarādibhir
    ⟨ya⟩sya ⟨yasya⟩ yadā bhūmis
    tasya tasya tadā 28phalaṁ|

    II. Anuṣṭubh
    mā bhūd a-phala-śa¡ṁ!⟨ṅ⟩kā vaḥ
    para-datteti pārthivāḥ|
    sva-dānāt phala⟨m ā⟩nantyaṁ
    pa29ra-dattānupālane|

    III. Anuṣṭubh
    ṣaṣṭhi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi
    svargge modati bhūmidaḥ
    ⟨Ākṣeptā cānumantā ca⟩
    ⟨tāny eva narake vaseT⟩

    IV. Anuṣṭubh
    30Āsphoṭayanti pitaro
    valganti pitāmahāḥ
    bhūmi-dātā kule jā31taḥ
    sa nas trātā bhaviṣyati|

    V. Anuṣṭubh
    bhūmiṁ yaḥ pratigr̥h¡n!⟨ṇ⟩āti
    yaś ca bhūmiṁ prayacchati|
    Ubhau 32tau puṇya-karmāṇau
    niyataṁ svargga-{r}gāminau|

    VI. Anuṣṭubh
    taḍāgānāṁ sahasr¿āṇi?⟨eṇa⟩
    vāja-peya-¡s!⟨ś⟩a33t¿āṇi?⟨ena⟩ ca|
    gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena
    bhūmi-harttā na śudhyati|

    VII. Anuṣṭubh
    suvarṇṇam ekaṁ gām ekāṁ
    bhūme34r apy arddham aṅgulaṁ|
    haran ⟨n⟩arakam āyāti
    yāvad—ā-hūta-saṁplavaḥ|

    VIII. Anuṣṭubh
    Anyāyena hr̥tā bhūmi35r
    anyāyena tu hāritā|
    harato hārayantaś caiva
    sa hanyātsaptamaṁ kulaṁ|

    IX. Anuṣṭubh
    sva-dattāṁ para-da36ttāṁ {m}vā
    yo hare¿cca?⟨ta⟩ vasundharāṁ
    sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā
    pacyate pitr̥bhiḥ saha|

    XII. Anuṣṭubh
    Ā ⎘ plate 3r 37dityo varuṇo viṣṇur
    ¡v!⟨b⟩rahmā somo hutā¡s!⟨ś⟩anaḥ|
    ¡s!⟨ś⟩ūlapāṇis tu bhagavāN|
    Abhina38ndanti bhūmidaṁ|

    XIII. Śālinī
    sāmānyo ’yaṁ dharmma-setu⟨r⟩ nr̥pāṇāṁ
    kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ
    39riti sarvvān etāN bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrāN
    bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadra⟨ḥ⟩|

    XIV. Puṣpitāgrā
    Iti 40kamala-dalām¡v!⟨b⟩u-¡v!⟨b⟩indu-lolāṁ|
    śr¿ī?⟨i⟩yam anucintya manuṣya-j¿i?⟨ī⟩vitaṁ ca
    sakalam idam u41dāhr̥taṁ ca v¿e?⟨u⟩⟨d⟩dhvā|
    na hi puruṣaiḥ para-k¿i?⟨ī⟩vrtayo vilopyāḥ|

    paramabhaṭṭāraka-mahārājādhi-
    42rāja-parameśvara-soma-kula-tilaka-trikaliṅgādhipati-śrī⟨ma⟩j-jana-
    43mejaya👤
    -devasya vijayarājye samvatsare saptadasame Āṣāḍha-
    44māsasitapakṣapañcabhyāṁ| yatrāṅkataḥ| samvaT 17 Āṣāḍha-śudi 5|

    Sragdharā
    jñeyā 45 ’śeṣārtha¡s!⟨ś⟩āstra-smṛti-vima⟨la⟩dhiyā deva-devāṅga-vidyā|
    ¿sī?⟨śi⟩kṣākalpetihāsapra46kaṭa-sura-guru-prāpta-bhūyiṣṭha-dhāmnā|
    nāmnā sādhāraṇena dvijavaratanunā ma47ntriṇā yasya rājyaṁ
    nirv⟨y⟩ūḍhaṁ soyasuccais¡tṛ!⟨tri⟩jagatī deva-janamejaya👤


    48śrīḥ []sa[]suta|
    49[]vṛ[]suta[]tki[]harada[]
    ⎘ plate 2v 50l¿ī?⟨i⟩kh¿ī?⟨i⟩tam ¿ī?⟨i⟩daṁ tām{v}ra-sāsanaṁ mahāsandh¿ī?⟨i⟩v¿ī?⟨i⟩grah¿ī?⟨i⟩ rāṇaka-śrī-malladattaḥ👤| mahākṣapaṭa
    51l¿ī?⟨i⟩kailāsa👤-sutena śrī-Alavena👤| Utkīrṇṇañ ca sīvṛllā👤sutena haradāsene👤t¿ī?⟨i⟩| | |

    Apparatus

    line

    Translation by Chhabra 1935-1936

    1-13Om! Hail! From the prosperous Arāma, which has (all) the ten quarters deafened by the fluttering noise of the flocks of pigeons frightened by the jingle of the anklets (worn) on the feet of the numerous excellent courtesans (moving) within the enclosures of mansions having floors (studded) with bright jewels, which has its fame spread by minstrels hailing from different countries, which (ries (in opulence) with) the wealth of Kubera (lit. lord of riches) exalted in poetic narrations produced by scholars endowed with various learning, (and) which has eclipsed the grandeur of Amarāvatī (lit. city of gods) by the splendour of its array of magnificent palaces, lofty buildings, temples, gardens, step-wells, wells and tanks; the illustrious paramabhaṭṭāraka mahārājādhirāja parameśvara Mahābhavaguptarājadeva, the overlord of Trikaliṅga, an ornament of the Soma-kula, (and) a devout worshipper of Maheśvara, who has meditated on the feet of the illustrious paramabhaṭṭāraka mahārājādhirāja parameśvara Śivaguptadeva, a devout worshipper of Maheśvara, who (i.e., Mahā-Bhavagupta) has the entire circle of the (battle)-field decorated by the pearls loosened from the (temples of the) enemies’ rutting elephants rent asunder with the point of the scimitar (wielded) by his cudgel-like impetuous arm (and) who has the pair of his lotus-like feet tinted by the collection of rays (emanating) from the precious stones attached to the wreaths over the coronets of all the princes, being in good health,

    13-15having paid homage to the Brāhmaṇas in the Gottaïkelā village included in the Luputurā-khaṇḍa in Kosalā, issues a command to all (his officials) of that district, (persons) who mav at any time be holding office, (namely) Samāhartṛ, Sannidhātṛ, Dāṇḍapāśika, piśuna, Vaitrika, Avarodhajana, Rājavallabha, and so forth

    15-21Be it known to you that by (this) copper-charter We have, for the accretion of merit and fame to (Our) parents as well as to Ourself, donated this (Gottaïkelā) village, with libations of water, having made (it) tax-free, exempt from all hindrance, extending up to (its) four boundaries, along with (its) hidden treasures and deposits, mango and Bassia latifolia trees, pits and barren plots, water and land, with (the privilege of) collecting toll and revenue, to the illustrious Kamalavana Merchants’ Association, immigrant from Khadirapadra (and) resident in Suvarṇapura, to be enjoyed as long as the sun, the moon, the stars and the earth {endure).

    21-22Being aware of this, you should dwell in happiness, offering (to its) customary share of income, rent, (tribute of) gold, and so forth.

    22-25Being in possession of the charter, this illustrious Kamalavana Merchants’ Association has, in its turn, bestowed (the same village), having registered it as a deed, on the two temples, (one) of the lord Keśava (and the other) of the lord Āditya, for charity, oblation and offerings as well as for repairing wear and tear (in the temples).

    25-26And, future kings should, through respect for the dharma and out of regard for Us, protect this Our grant as their own grant. For, it is declared in the Dharmaśāstra:

    27-41

    41-44(This charter has been issued) during the victorious reign of the illustrious paramabhaṭṭāraka mahārājādhirāja parameśvara Janamejayadeva, the overlord of Trikaliṅga, an ornament of the Soma-kula. in the seventeenth year on the fifth day of the bright fortnight of the month of Aṣādha, where in figures (it is) Anno 17 Aṣādha śudi 5.

    44-48Highly renowned in (all) the three worlds is this very illustrious Janamejayadeva, the administration of whose kingdom has been carried on by his minister Sādhāraṇa by name, an eminent dvija (lit. twice-born) by birth, whose intellect is clear owing to (his knowledge of) all the lores of polity and law worth knowing, who is manifestly a very Bṛhaspati (lit. preceptor of gods) in (expounding) the Vedas and the Vedāṅga-vidyās (such as) śikṣā, kalpa, itihāsa (and so forth), (and) who is (on account of all that) possessed of supreme glory.

    50-51This tāmraśāsana has been composed by Kailāsa’s son, the illustrious Alava, the mahākṣapaṭalin (attached to) the illustrious mahāsāndhivigrahin Rāṇaka Malladatta and engraved by Haradāsa, son of Sīvṛllā.

    Bibliography

    Primary

    Chhabra, B. Ch. 1935–1936. “Sonepur Plates of Maha-Bhavagupta(II)-Janamejaya; the Year 17.” EI 23: 248–55.
    [siglum C]
    Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass.
    № VI, pages 194–199. [siglum S]
    Rajaguru, Satyanarayan. 1966. Inscriptions of Orissa, Vol. 4. Sri Sarada Press. [https://archive.org/details/inscriptions-of-orissa-v04-1966].
    № 22, pages 130–137. [siglum R]

    Secondary

    Tripathy, Snigdha. 2010. Descriptive Topographical Catalogue of Orissan Inscriptions. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors.
    Pages 459–460.
    Acharya, Subrata Kumar. 2014. Copper-Plate Inscriptions of Odisha: A Descriptive Catalogue (circa Fourth Century to Sixteenth Century CE). New Delhi: D. K. Printworld.
    № 13, pages 243–244.
    No identifier given for jana-
    43mejaya
    No identifier given for janamejayaNo identifier given for malladattaḥNo identifier given for kailāsaNo identifier given for AlavenaNo identifier given for sīvṛllāNo identifier given for haradāsene