Sirpur Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 7

Metadata

Current Version:  draft, 2024-05-31Z

Editor:   Natasja Bosma.

DHARMA Identifier: INSDaksinaKosala00027

Hand Description:


Additional Metadata

Alternative identifier: Year 6"

Origin:

Classification:

Languages:

  1. Secondary language is late_Brahmi, script and

Corresponding Artefact: CONARTDaksinaKosala00024

Layout: engraved-29 lines are observed/preserved on the artifact.

Edition

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh
śrīmatt(ī)varadevasya kosalādhipater idaṁ
śāsanam dharmmavṛddhyarttha⟨ṁ⟩ sthiram ācandratārakaṁ

Plates

⎘ plate 1v 1v1spiralR

I. Āryā
jayati jagattrayatilakaḥ
kṣitibhṛtkulabhavanamaṅgalastambhaḥ
śrīmattīva1v2radevo
dhaureyaḥ sakalapuṅyakṛtāM

svasti śrīpurāt samadhigatapañcama-
1v3hāśabdānekanatanṛpatikirīṭakoṭi{koṭi}¡ghavvṭa!⟨ghṛṣṭa⟩caraṇanakhadarppaṇodbhāsito-
1v4pakaṇṭhadiṅmukhaḥ prakaṭaripurājalakṣm¿a?⟨i⟩{ḥ}keśapāśākarṣṣaṇadurllalitapāṇi-
1v5pallavaḥ niśi◯tanist¡ṛṅ!⟨riṁ⟩śaghanaghātapātitāridviradakumbhamaṇḍalaga-
1v6ladvahalaśo◯ṇitasadāsiktamuktāphalaprakaramaṇḍitaraṇāṅgaṇaḥ
1v7vividharatnasaṁbhāralābhālobhavijṛmbhamāṇārikṣāravārivāḍavanalaś candroda-
1v8ya Iv(ā)kṛtakarod⟨v⟩egaḥ kṣīroda Ivāvirbhūtānekātiśāyiratnasampa⟨T⟩ddandaHooked garutmā-
1v9n iva bhujaṅgoddhāracatura⟨ḥ⟩ parāmṛṣṭaśatrukalatranetrāñjanakomalakapola-
1v10kuṅkumapatrabhaṅgaḥ śiṣṭācāravyavasthāparipālanaikadattacittaḥ Api ca-
⎘ plate 2r 2r1pr(ā)ktane tapasi yaśasi rahasi cetasi cakṣuṣi vapuṣi ca pūjito janen¿a?⟨ā⟩-
2r2kliṣṭatayā ⟨yaśasi⟩ n¿i?⟨ī⟩tāntam avitṛpto gū¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩o gā¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩aṁ svacchaḥ prasanno yauvanena cālaṅkṛ-
2r3taḥ sv¿a?⟨ā⟩m¿i?⟨ī⟩ bhavan⟨n⟩ apy abahulapano ’nujjhitakutṛṣ¡ṭ!⟨ṇ⟩o ’pi nitāntatyāg¿i?⟨ī⟩ ripujana-
2r4pracaṇḍo ’pi s¿o?⟨au⟩myadarśano bhūtivibhūṣaṇo ’py aparuṣasvabhāvaḥ kiñ cāsantu-
2r5ṣṭo dharmm¿a?⟨ā⟩rja◯ne na sa¡p!⟨m⟩pallābhe svalpaḥ krodhe na prabhāve lubdho yaśasi na-
2r6paravittāpa◯hāre saktaḥ subhāṣiteṣu na kāminīkrīḍāsu prat(āpāna)-
2r7ladagdhāśeṣaripukulatūlarāśis tuhinaśilāśailadhavalayaśorāśiprakā-
2r8śitadigantaḥ kāntaḥ prakṛtyā śrīmadindra¡v!⟨b⟩alasūnor alaṅkṛtapāṇḍuva¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasya śrīnanna-
2r9devasya tanayaḥ pr¿a?⟨ā⟩ptasakalakosalādhipatyaḥ svapuṇyasambhārapraśamit¿a?⟨ā⟩śe-
2r10ṣajagadupadravaḥ svaprajñāsūcīsamud⟨dh⟩ṛtākhilakaṇṭakaḥ paramavaiṣṇavo
⎘ plate 2v 2v1mātāpit¿ri?⟨ṛ⟩pādānuddhyāta⟨ḥ⟩ śrīmahāśivat¿i?⟨ī⟩vararājaḥ Anaṅgapallabhogīya-
2v2pañcakuṭayām prativāsinaḥ sam¿a?⟨ā⟩jñāpayatiddandaHooked

viditam astu bhavatā¡ḥ!⟨ṁ⟩
2v3yathāsmābhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grām¿a?⟨o⟩ yāvad raviśaśitār(ā)kiraṇapratihatagh¿a?⟨o⟩r¿a?⟨ā⟩ndha-
2v4kāraṁ jagad avatiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogyaḥ sanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ sopanidhir acāṭabhaṭa-
2v5prāveśyaḥ sa◯rvakarasameto bhāradvājasagotrāya maṣidevopā-
2v6dhyā{ḥyā}ya mātāpitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye Uda(kapaṇadya)
2v7pratipādita Ity

upalabhya yathocitaṁ bhogabhāgam upanayantaḥ su-
2v8khaṁ {p}prativatsyathetiddandaHooked bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidh(ī)yate

I. Vasantatilakā
bhūmi2v9pradā divi lalant¿a?⟨i⟩ patanti hanta
hṛtvā mahīṁ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅś!⟨ṁs⟩ā⟨T⟩
⎘ plate 3r 3r1Etad ⟨d⟩v¿ā?⟨a⟩yaṁ par¿a?⟨i⟩kalayya calāñ ca lakṣmīm
āyus tathā kur(u)ta yad bhavatām abhīṣṭa(M)

(A)pi ca

II. Anuṣṭubh
rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurgatī
ko nāma svarga3r3m utsṛjya narak¡e!⟨aṁ⟩ pratipadyate

vyāsagītā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā
A3r4gner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩
bhū⟨r⟩ vvaiṣṇavī sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ
dattās tra3r5yas tena bhava◯nti lokā
yaẖ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mahīñ ca da¡dh!⟨dy⟩āTddandaHooked

IV. Anuṣṭubh
3r6ṣaṣṭivarṣasa◯hasrāṇi sva⟨r⟩gge modati bhūmidaḥ
Ācche¡pt!⟨tt⟩ā c{c}ānumantā3r7c{c}¿ā?⟨a⟩ t¿o?⟨ā⟩ny eva narake vaseT

V. Anuṣṭubh
bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ
3r8yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh
svadattāṁ paradatt¿a?⟨ā⟩m vā yatnād ra3r9kṣa yudhiṣṭhira
mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭha dānā⟨c⟩ ¡ś!⟨ch⟩reyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩tiddandaHooked

sa⟨ṁvatsaru⟩ 7 pauṣa
3r10dina 20 8

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

1v6 °raṇāṅgaṇaḥ°raṇāṅgaṇa PKS
1v8 °āvirbhūtānekā°°āvirbhūtonekā° PKS
1v10 kuṅkuma°kuṅmuma° PKS
2r2–2r3 cālaṅkṛ/taḥcāplaṅkṛ/taḥ PKS
2r7 °dagdhā°°kvadhā° PKS2r7 °rāśi°°raśi° PKS
2v1 °rājaḥ Anaṅgapallabhogīya°rājaḥ kuśalī Anaṅgapallabhogīya PKS
2v5–2v6 °opā/dhyā{ḥyā}ya°opā/kvadhyāḥyāya PKS
2v6 puṇyā°pu¡n!⟨ṇ⟩yā° PKS2v6 Uda(kapaṇadya)ṭadayanadya PKS • The meaning of this phrase is not straightforward, but comparison with the other charters of Tīvaradeva and the beginning with uda(ka) suggest that it may refer to a preceding libation of water.
2r9 patantipatanhi PKS
3r1 par¿a?⟨i⟩kalayyapar¿a?⟨i⟩kalarūya PKS
3r4 sūryya°sūrūryā° PKS

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

This charter of the illustrious Tīvaradeva the king of Kosala, which is for the sake of an increase of dharma, endures as long as the moon and stars.

Plates

Success!

1v1-1v2
Victorious is the illustrious Tīvaradeva, who is the ornament of the three worlds (heaven, earth, lower world); a pillar of happiness in the palace of the [Pāṇḍava] kings; and foremost of those who perform meritorious deeds!

1v2-2v2Hail! From Śrīpura, the illustrious Mahāśiva Tīvararāja—who illuminates the neighbouring regions with his mirror-like toe-nails, which are polished by the curved edges of the diadems of the many [feudatory] kings who salute [him], having obtained the [privilege of] the five great sounds; whose fingers bluntly seize the good Fortune of adversary kings by her locks of her hair in public; by whom the battlefields are adorned with a scattered heap of pearls, which are the thick [drops of] blood continuously oozing from the domed foreheads of the elephants of [his] enemies, struck down by the hard strokes of [his] sharp sword; who is a submarine fire to the salt water of [his] enemies, gaping with the desire of acquiring a multitude of various gems; who does not cause distress by [levying heavy] taxes, just as the rising moon does not cause distress by [its] rays; who, like the ocean of milk, demonstrates a wealth of many most excellent jewels; who, like Garutmat, is competent in uprooting serpents (i.e., evil); who ruined the black collyrium [applied to] the eyes and the [golden glow of grinded] saffron petals on the tender cheeks of the [widowed] wives of his enemies, afflicted [by grief]; whose mind is focused solely on the protection and establishment of virtuous behavior. Moreover, who is worshipped by people without relunctance because of the religious austerities [he performed] in a previous [birth]; who is not easily satisfied in [acquiring] fame; who is trustworthy in keeping secrets; whose mind is very pure; whose eyes are bright; and whose body is adorned with youth; who, though being a commander, does not [indulge in] excessive talking; who, though desirous for conquering land, is excessively liberal [in the granting of land]; who, though fierce to the race of his adversaries (i.e., like the sun), is gentle in appearance (i.e., like the moon); who, though adorned with majesty, is not harsh in disposition. Furthermore, who is never satisfied in generating religious merit, [but] not in accumulating wealth; who is devoid of anger, [but] not of power; who is longing for fame, [but] not for appropriating the wealth of others; who is skillful in eloquent speech, [but] not in consorting with promiscuous women; who has consumed the race of his adversaries completely, as a heap of cotton, with the fire of his splendor; who illuminated the earth as far as the horizon with his massive fame as bright white as the rocky mountain of snow (i.e., Himālaya); who was the son of the illustrious Nannadeva, son of the illustrious Indrabala, and who has obtained sovereignty over the whole of Kosala; who reduced all misfortune in the world with his meritorious acts; who has removed all thorns (i.e., annoying enemies) with the needle of his wisdom; who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu; and who is favoured by his father and mother—issues [the following command] to the residents of [the village of] Pañcakuṭī in the Anaṅgapalla bhoga, having saluted the Brahmins:

2v2-2v7Let it be known to you that this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves to Maṣidevopādhyāya of the Bhāradvāja gotra. [The grant of the village] is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, [the world] of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; [comes along with the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; comes along [with the right to] all taxes [payable to the king].

2v7-2v8Having taken note of that, you should render the [proper shares of] periodical offerings and produce, while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v8-3r1
[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

3r2-3r3
Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

3r3And they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r3-3r5
Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r6-3r7
A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r7-3r8
The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r8-3r9
O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

3r9-3r10[The copperplate charter has been engraved on] the day 28 [of] the month of Pauṣa [in] the year 7 [of Tīvaradeva’s reign].

Bibliography

First edited by Singh 2009 from the original plates; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.

Primary

Singh, Prabhat Kumar. 2009. “Sirpur Copper-Plates of Pāṇḍuvaṁśi Rulers.” PM 5: 11–27.
12–15. [siglum PKS]

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A Rich Centre of Early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1937261].
245.