Rājim Plates of Tīvaradeva, Year 7

Metadata

Current Version:  draft, 2024-05-31Z

Editor:   Natasja Bosma.

DHARMA Identifier: INSDaksinaKosala00026

Hand Description:


Additional Metadata

Alternative identifier: undated"

Origin:

Classification:

Languages:

  1. Secondary language is late_Brahmi, script and

Corresponding Artefact: CONARTDaksinaKosala00023

Layout: engraved-26 lines are observed/preserved on the artifact.

Edition

Seal

I. Anuṣṭubh
śrīmatt¿i?⟨ī⟩varadevasya kosalādhipater idaṁ
śāsanam dharmmavṛddhyarttha(ṁ) sthiram ācandratārakaṁ

Plates

⎘ plate 1v 1v1spiralR

I. Āryā
jayati jagat⟨t⟩rayatilaka⟨ḥ⟩
kṣitibhṛtkulabhavanamaṅgalasta⟨m⟩bha⟨ḥ⟩
śr¿i?⟨ī⟩matt¿i?⟨ī⟩varadevo
dhaureya⟨ḥ⟩ sa1v2kalapuṇyakṛtā⟨M⟩

s¡t!⟨v⟩asti śr¿i?⟨ī⟩purāt samadhigatapañcamahāśabdānekanatanṛpatikir¿i?⟨ī⟩ṭa-
1v3koṭighṛ¡p!⟨ṣ⟩ṭacaraṇanakhadarpaṇodbhāsitop¿i?⟨a⟩kaṇṭhad¿u?⟨i⟩¡n!⟨ṅ⟩mukha⟨ḥ⟩ prakaṭaripurājalakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩-
1v4keśapāśākarṣaṇadurlalitapāṇipalla⟨vo⟩ niśitanis¡tṛṅ!⟨triṁ⟩śaghanaghātapātitāridviradaku-
1v5mbhamaṇḍala◯galad¡v!⟨b⟩ahalaśoṇitasadāsiktamuktāphalaprakaramaṇḍitaraṇāṅgaṇa⟨ḥ⟩
1v6{d}vividharatnasaṁbhāralābh¿a?⟨ā⟩lobhavijṛmbhamāṇārikṣāravārivāḍavānalaś candrodaya Ivākṛta-
1v7karodvegaḥ kṣ¿i?⟨ī⟩roda Ivā{d}virbhūtānekātiśāyiratnasampaT garutmān iva bhujaṅgoddhāracatura⟨ḥ⟩-
1v8parāmṛṣṭa¡g!⟨ś⟩atrukalatranetrā¡ṁ!⟨ñ⟩janakomalakapolakuṅkumapatrabhaṅga¡T!⟨ḥ⟩ śiṣṭācāra¡b!⟨v⟩yavasthā-
1v9paripālanaikadattacitta⟨ḥ⟩ Api ca prāktane tapasi yaśasi rahasi cetasi cakṣuṣi ¡b!⟨v⟩ap(u)-
⎘ plate 2r 2r1ṣi ca pūjito janenākliṣṭatayā n¿i?⟨ī⟩tāntam avitṛpto gū¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩o gā¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩aṁ svaccha⟨ḥ⟩ prasanno y¿a?⟨au⟩va-
2r2nena cālaṅkṛta⟨ḥ⟩ svām¿i?⟨ī⟩ bhavan⟨n⟩ apy abahulapano ’nujjhitakutṛṣṇo ’pi nitāntatyā-
2r3g¿i?⟨ī⟩ ripujanapracaṇḍo ’pi s¿o?⟨au⟩myadarśano bhūtivibhūṣaṇo ’py aparuṣa{ḥ}svabhāva⟨ḥ⟩ ki-
2r4ñ cāsantuṣṭo dharmārjane na sampallābhe svalpa⟨ḥ⟩ krodhe na prabhāve lubdho yaśasi na pa-
2r5ravittāpa◯hāre sak(ta)ḥ subhā¡s!⟨ṣ⟩iteṣu na kāmin¿i?⟨ī⟩kr¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāsu pratāpānaladagdhāśeṣa-
2r6ripukulatūlarāśis tuhinaśilāśailadhavalayaśorāśiprakāśitadiganta⟨ḥ⟩ kānta⟨ḥ⟩ prakṛtyā
2r7śr¿i?⟨ī⟩madindrabalasūnor alaṅkṛtapāṇḍuva¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasya śr¿i?⟨ī⟩nannadevasya tanaya⟨ḥ⟩ prāpta⟨sakalakosalādhipatya⟩ḥ svapu¡n!⟨ṇ⟩ya-
2r8sa¡ṁ!⟨m⟩bhārapra¡s!⟨ś⟩amitāśeṣajagadupadravaḥ svaprajñā¡ś!⟨s⟩ūc¿i?⟨ī⟩samuddhṛtākhilakaṇṭakaḥ para-
2r9mavaiṣṇavo mātāpitṛpādānudhyātaḥ śrīmahāśivat¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨va⟩r⟦ā⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩rājaḥ kuśalīddandaHooked peṇṭhāmabhukt¿i?⟨ī⟩ya-
⎘ plate 2v 2v1pimparipadrake brāhmaṇā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ saṁpūjya prativāsinaḥ samājñāpayati

vidi⟨ta⟩m astu
2v2bhavatāṁ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmo yāvad raviśaśitārākiraṇapratihataghorāndhakāraṁ ja-
2v3gad avatiṣṭhate tāvad upabhogya⟨ḥ⟩ sanidhiḥ sopanidhi{ḥ}r acāṭabhaṭapr¿a?⟨ā⟩veś⟨y⟩a⟨ḥ⟩ dā-
2v4radraṇakasarvakarādānasameto ⟦pitro⟧⟨⟨mātā⟩⟩pitror ātmanaś ca puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩⟦ṛi⟧⟨⟨ṛ⟩⟩ddhaye bhā-
2v5radvāja◯sagotravājasaneyamādhyandinabhaṭṭagauridattaputrabhaṭṭa-
2v6bhavadattabhaṭṭahar⟦ā⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩dattābhyāṁ jyeṣṭhadvādaśyām udakapūrvaṁ pratipādita I-
2v7ty

avagamya bhavadbhir yathocitam asm¡ai!⟨ābhyāṁ⟩ bhogabhāgam upanayadbhiḥ sukham prati-
2v8vasta¡b!⟨v⟩yam itiddandaHooked bhāvinaś ca bhūmipālān uddiśyedam abhidhīyate

I. Vasantatilakā
bhūmipra2v9dā divi lalanti patanti h¿ṛ?⟨a⟩nta
hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩¡ḥ!⟨T⟩
⎘ plate 3r 3r1Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m
āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatām abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭa(ṁ)


3r2Api ca

II. Anuṣṭubh
rakṣāpālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggat¿i?⟨ī⟩
ko nāma svargam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya 3r3naraka⟨ṁ⟩ pratipadyate

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tāṁś cātra ślokān udāharanti

III. Indravajrā
Agner a⟨pa⟩tyaṁ prathamaṁ 3r4suvarṇaṁ
bhūr vvai(ṣ)ṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryyasutāś ca gāvaḥ
dattā⟨s⟩ trayas tena bhavanti lokā
yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gā3r5ñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca ◯dadyā⟨T⟩

IV. Anuṣṭubh
ṣaṣṭivarṣasahasrāṇi svarge modati bhūmidaḥ
Ākṣeptā 3r6cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaseT

V. Anuṣṭubh
bahubhir vasudhā dattā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ
3r7yasya yasya yadā bhūmi⟨s⟩ tasya tasya tadā phalaṁ

VI. Anuṣṭubh
svadattāṁ paradattām ¡b!⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa 3r8yudhiṣṭhira{ḥ}
mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩matāṁ śreṣṭha dānā⟨c⟩ ¡ś!⟨ch⟩reyo ’nupālana¡m!⟨M⟩

¡i!⟨I⟩tiddandaHooked

pravarddhamāna-
3r9vijayarājyasa¡m!⟨ṁ⟩vatsaru 7 kārttika divasu Aṣ¡ṭh!⟨ṭ⟩amu 8

Apparatus

Seal

Plates

1v1 °sta⟨m⟩bha⟨ḥ⟩°sūtra⟨ḥ⟩ JFF; °sta⟨m⟩bha⟨ḥ⟩ AMS1v1 śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mat°ś¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩mat° JFF; śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mat° AMS
1v2 °kṛtā⟨M⟩°kṛtāṁ JFF; °kṛtā⟨M⟩ AMS1v2 s¡t!⟨v⟩astis¡t!⟨v⟩asti JFF; svasti AMS1v2 śr¿i?⟨ī⟩purātś¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩purāt JFF; śr¿i?⟨ī⟩purāt AMS
1v3 °ghṛ¡p!⟨ṣ⟩ṭa°°ghṛ¡pt!⟨ṣṭ⟩a° JFF; °ghṛ¡p!⟨ṣ⟩ṭa° AMS
1v6 °lobha°°lobha° JFF; °lopa° AMS
2r1 ¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩aṁgā¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩a° JFF; gā¡ḍ!⟨ḍh⟩aṁ AMS2r1–2r2 prasanno y¿a?⟨au⟩va/nenaprasanna¡y!⟨v⟩ada/nena JFF; prasanno y¿a?⟨au⟩va/nena AMS
2r2 °kr¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāsu°k¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩ḍāsu JFF; °kr¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāsu AMS
2r7 śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mad°ś¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩mad° JFF; śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mad° AMS2r7 śr¿i?⟨ī⟩°ś¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩° JFF; śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° AMS
2r9 śrī°ś¡ṛi!⟨rī⟩° JFF; śrī° AMS2r9 °bhukt¿i?⟨ī⟩ya°bhuktīya JFF; °bhukt¿i?⟨ī⟩ya AMS
2v1 vidi⟨ta⟩mviditam JFF; vidi⟨ta⟩m AMS
2v9 nṛśa¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩sāḥnṛśaṅsāḥ JFF; nṛśa¡ṅś!⟨ṁs⟩āḥ AMS
3r2 u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jyau¡cchṛ!⟨tsṛ⟩jya JFF; u¡cchṛ!⟨tsṛ⟩jya AMS
3r4 suvarṇaṁsuvarṇaṁ JFF; suvarṇṇaṁ AMS3r4 kāñcanaṁkañcanaṁ JFF; kāñcanaṁ AMS

Translation by Natasja Bosma

Seal

This charter of the illustrious Tīvaradeva the king of Kosala, which is for the sake of an increase of dharma, endures as long as the moon and stars.

Plates

Success!

1v1-1v2
Victorious is the illustrious Tīvaradeva, who is the ornament of the three worlds (heaven, earth, lower world); a pillar of happiness in the palace of the [Pāṇḍava] kings; and foremost of those who perform meritorious deeds!

1v2-2v1Hail! From Śrīpura, the illustrious Mahāśiva Tīvararāja—who illuminates the neighbouring regions with his mirror-like toe-nails, which are polished by the curved edges of the diadems of the many [feudatory] kings who salute [him], having obtained the [privilege of] the five great sounds; whose fingers bluntly seize the good Fortune of adversary kings by her locks of her hair in public; by whom the battlefields are adorned with a scattered heap of pearls, which are the thick [drops of] blood continuously oozing from the domed foreheads of the elephants of [his] enemies, struck down by the hard strokes of [his] sharp sword; who is a submarine fire to the salt water of [his] enemies, gaping with the desire of acquiring a multitude of various gems; who does not cause distress by [levying heavy] taxes, just as the rising moon does not cause distress by [its] rays; who, like the ocean of milk, demonstrates a wealth of many most excellent jewels; who, like Garutmat, is competent in uprooting serpents (i.e., evil); who ruined the black collyrium [applied to] the eyes and the [golden glow of grinded] saffron petals on the tender cheeks of the [widowed] wives of his enemies, afflicted [by grief]; whose mind is focused solely on the protection and establishment of virtuous behavior. Moreover, who is worshipped by people without relunctance because of the religious austerities [he performed] in a previous [birth]; who is not easily satisfied in [acquiring] fame; who is trustworthy in keeping secrets; whose mind is very pure; whose eyes are bright; and whose body is adorned with youth; who, though being a commander, does not [indulge in] excessive talking; who, though desirous for conquering land, is excessively liberal [in the granting of land]; who, though fierce to the race of his adversaries (i.e., like the sun), is gentle in appearance (i.e., like the moon); who, though adorned with majesty, is not harsh in disposition. Furthermore, who is never satisfied in generating religious merit, [but] not in accumulating wealth; who is devoid of anger, [but] not of power; who is longing for fame, [but] not for appropriating the wealth of others; who is skillful in eloquent speech, [but] not in consorting with promiscuous women; who has consumed the race of his adversaries completely, as a heap of cotton, with the fire of his splendor; who illuminated the earth as far as the horizon with his massive fame as bright white as the rocky mountain of snow (i.e., Himālaya); who was the son of the illustrious Nannadeva, son of the illustrious Indrabala, and who has obtained sovereignty over the whole of Kosala; who reduced all misfortune in the world with his meritorious acts; who has removed all thorns (i.e., annoying enemies) with the needle of his wisdom; who is entirely devoted to Viṣṇu; who is favoured by his father and mother; and being in good health—issues [the following command] to the residents of [the village of] Pimparipadraka in the Peṇṭhama bhukti, having saluted the Brahmins:

2v1-2v7Let it be known to you that, on the twelfth [day of the month] of Jyeṣṭha and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves to bhaṭṭa Haradatta and bhaṭṭa Bhavadatta, sons of bhaṭṭa Gauridatta of the Bhāradvāja gotra and the Vājasaneya-Mādhyandina [school]. [The grant of the village] is to be enjoyed as long as the world will endure, [the world] of which the darkness of the night is removed by the rays of the sun, moon and stars; [comes along with the right to] hidden treasures and deposits; is not to be entered by irregular or regular troops; comes along with [the right to] dāradraṇaka tax and all [other] taxes [payable to the king].

2v7-2v8Having taken note of that, you should render the [proper shares of] periodical offerings and produce to these two [donees], while living happily [in this village]. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v8-3r1
[Kings] who donate land sport in heaven, [but] look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

And also:

3r2-3r3
Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting [the land]; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

3r3And they quote the [following] stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r3-3r5
Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: [Therefore], whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r5-3r6
A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r6-3r7
The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r7-3r8
O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

3r8-3r9[The copperplate charter has been engraved on] the eighth day, [in numbers] 8, [of] the month of Kārttika [in] the increasingly victorious year 5 [of Tīvaradeva’s reign].

Bibliography

Previously edited by Fleet 1970 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995: 107–111; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.

Primary

Fleet, John Faithfull, ed. 1970. “Rajim Copper-Plate Inscription of the Raja Tivaradeva.” Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors, Third revised edition, 291–99. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum 3. Varanasi: Indological Book House.
[siglum JFF]
Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass.
107–111. [siglum AMS]

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A Rich Centre of Early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1937261].
55, 244–245.