Tiruviṭaimarutūr, Māhaliṅgasvāmin, time of Rajakesarivarman Tribhuvanacakravartin Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, year 9

Metadata

Current Version:  draft, 2024-09-06Z

Editor:   Renato Dávalos.

DHARMA Identifier: INSSII0500705

Summary: Endowment, by royal order (of Kulottuṅga II Cōḻa), of pāṇa-p-peṟu and pāṇa-k-kāṇi to a pāṇaṉ (probably the head of a group of singers) so that he sings to the Lord of Tiruviṭaimarutūr, appoints other pāṇars to sing, and trains temple-dancing girls. The endowment consists in gold, paddy produced from a minutely measured land, and a house-site.

Hand Description:

No distinction between e and ē, nor between o and ō. n is almost consistently used instead of ṉ.

Additional Metadata

No metadata were provided in the table for this inscription

Edition

1svasti śrī

Āciriyappā
pūma¡nn!⟨ṉṉ⟩u patuma(m) pūtta (Ē)ḻu(la)kum
tāmu¡n!⟨ñ⟩ ce(y)tavattā(l) paruti-(va)ḻi-t tōṉṟi
ne(ṭu)māl i(va)¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eṉa cuṭarmuṭi cūṭi
Irunila makaḷai Urimaiyil puṇarn=tu
tirumakaḷ paṇaimulai ceñcān ta¡ṇ!⟨ḷ⟩aintu
parumaṇi Āram pa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ivarai nikaṟpa
jayamakaḷ ceḻu¡m!⟨ñ⟩-cantaṉa-c cuvaṭṭāl
puyam irukaiyi2lai-p (p)orupp-eṉa-t tōṉṟi
nāmakaḷ tāṉum ¡c!⟨k⟩ōmakaḷ cevvāy-p
pavaḻa-c c(ē)yyōḷi paṭaittaṉa ni(y)ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eṉa
tavaḷa naṉiṟa-t tanittuyai-y e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eṉa-p
pukaḻ-mati cintai makuḻu nāḷilum
Oru kuṭai nilavu porupaṭai-t tikiri
velēṉuṅ karuṅkali-y iruḷi¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ai-t turappa
nīṭu-pallūḻi Ēḻ-kaṭal-p puṟattiṉum
kō3ṭā-t ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ikkōl i¡n!⟨ṉ⟩it’ ulāva
mī¡n!⟨ṉ⟩amum citaittu vāṉ-uyar
poṉ neṭu mēruviṟ puli vīṟṟiruppa
Umpar i-yānai Ōr-eṭṭiṉukkum
tampam eṉ¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a-t ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩itta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩i ticai-toṟum
vicai⟨ya⟩stambha niṟpa-p pacipa(k)ai
Ā(tiy)ākiya vīcu taṇ-puṉalum
mēti¡n!⟨ṉ⟩i vaḷaṉum jāti-y oḻukkamum
nīti-y aṟamuma piṟaḻātu nikaḻa
pāvum paḻa-p parappum 4paṇaikkai
māvum allatu vaṉ-ṟalai-p paṭutal
kaṉaviluṅ ka(ri)t-eṉa varun=ti
pu¡n!⟨ṉ⟩alilum palvēṟu puḷḷilum allatu
ciṟai-y e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a-p-paṭutal iṉṟi pallavar teluṅkar
māḷavar kaliṅkar teṉ¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ar kaṭārar coḷar
ciṅkaḷar toṅkaṇar (srī)-hastar aṅka⟨r⟩
vaṅka(ra)r mattam-attirar ka(ṅ)kar jo¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a5kar
kaikayar jī¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ar eṉṟ’
aṟaikaḻal vēntar mallāva racarum
uṟaimaiyil varinta tiṟaiku(ṇan) tiṟai¿n=t?⟨ñc⟩a
Ampo¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ malaṟko(ṭi) cempiya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kiḻā(naṭi)-y
orumaruṅ kuṭa namarnt’ iruppa Aruḷpuri
camaiya-p poṟkōṭi-y imaiya-p-pāvaiyum
civa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um pōl puva(na) muḻut-uṭai-
yā(ḷ)-ḷōṭum v¡i!⟨ī⟩ṟṟ-irunt-aruḷiya

kō-v-irājakecari-patmar-āna tribhuvana-cakravartikaḷ śrī-kulottuṅ-
6ka-c(ō)ḷa-devaṟku yāṇṭu 9 Āvatu

mutal kāṇi peṟṟa paṭikku pāṇa(ṉ) Iru-muṭi-cōḻa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ pirā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-āṉa Acañcala-p pēraya(ṅ)¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku Uyyakkoṇṭ⟨ā⟩r-(va)ḷanāṭṭu tiraim¡u!⟨ū⟩r-nāṭṭu Uṭ(ai)yār tiruviṭaimarut-uṭaiyāṟku pāṭavum Ik-kōyilil taḷiyillār tēv(ā)raṭiyārai (p)āṭṭuvikkavum pāṇarai Iṭa-k kaṭava(n)¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-āka Iva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukkum iva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ va(ṅ)-
7śattāṟkum

Ik-kōyil pāṇapeṟ-āka mu¡n!⟨ṉ⟩pu peṟṟu varum kācum nellum uḷpaṭa yāṇṭu Onpat-āvatu mutal nāḷ O¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟukku ūr-k-kā(l)lāl nel kalam-āka vanta nellu Ik-kōyilil pala-paṇi nivanta-(k)-kā¡ṟ!⟨r⟩aroṭuṅ kūṭa nivantaṅ kaṭṭi In-nelukku vēṇṭum nilam

mu¡nn!⟨ṉṉ⟩-uṭaiyārai tavirttu It-tēvar tēvatā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩am-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a ūr-
8ka(ḷ)ḷi(l)lē pāṇa-kāṇiyum nila-j¡i!⟨ī⟩vitamum(-āka A)ṭaittu mu¡n!⟨ṉ⟩pu pāṇar kuṭi-y-irupp-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a maṉaiyum Iva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku viṭṭu Ip-paṭikku kalv(e)ṭṭi koḷvat’ āka Onpat-āvatu mutal prasādam peṟṟamaikku prasātañ ce⟨y⟩taruḷi¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a tiru-mukam

malaiya-p-pirāyarum tiru-mantira-Ōlai putukkuṭaiyārum Eḻuttiṭṭa tirumuka-p paṭiyum

puro-
9vari śrī-karaṇattu mukaveṭṭi neṭuma(ṇa)m-uṭaiyā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩u⟨m⟩ purovari śrīkara(ṇa)-nāyakam po¡n-n!⟨ṉ-ṉ⟩-uḻā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um purovari śrīkaraṇa-mukaveṭṭi paṇṇai nallūr-uṭaiyā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um purovari śrī-karaṇa-mukaveṭṭi vēḷār-kiḻava¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um purovari śrī-karaṇa-mukaveṭṭi Aracūr-uṭaiyā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um purovari śrī-karaṇa-nāyakam ceṟṟūr-uṭaiyā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um purovari-k kūṟu pa(ṅ)ka(ḷa)-rāyarum ciṅkaḷa-rā(yarum) (va)ya(nā)ṭṭ-araiya-
10rum Eḻuttiṭṭa Uḷvari-p paṭi

It-tēvar (tē)vatā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩am-āna Uyyakoṇṭār-va(ḷa)-nāṭṭu tiraim¡u!⟨ū⟩r-nāṭṭu cempiya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuḷattūril kulōttuṅka-cōḻa-vatikku kiḻakku mu(ñ)ci-k kaṇṇāṟṟukku teṟku kiṭāraṅ-koṇṭa-cōḻa-vatikku mēṟku ta(rā-p)-paḷḷa-k-kaṇṭattukku vaṭakku naṭuviṟ-kaṇṭattu nilam o¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟ-ē mu-k-kāl-ē Arai-k-kāṇi muntirikai k¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻ araiyum

Itan teṟku kiṭāraṅ-ko-
11ṇṭa-cōḻa-vatikku mēṟku brahmatēyam tirai(m)¡(u)!⟨ū⟩¡(rr)!⟨r⟩ (ellai)kku vaṭakku pāmpuṇi kiḻā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ nilattukku kiḻakku nilam mu-k-kāl-ē nālu-mā Arai-k-kāṇi muntirikaiyum Āka

nilam Iraṇṭ’ araiyē nālu-mā-k kāṇi Arai-k-kāṇi k¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻ araikku nilav-ōpātiyāl nel munnūṟṟu nāṟpa(t)t’ o¡n!⟨ṉ⟩(pa)ti¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kala(ttin)āl uṟai(n)ā(ḻi)-y eṟṟi nel munnūṟṟ’ aṟu-pati¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kalattukkum


12Ivai kōyiṟ kaṇakku-k kuṇṭaiyūr kiḻava¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu Ip-paṭikku Iv(ai) tēvarka¡n!⟨ṉ⟩mi tirucciṟṟampala-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Eḻuttu Ip-paṭikku Ivai śrī-kāriyam mu(la)ṅkuṭaiyān Eḻuttu I(v)ai tiruviti A¡n!⟨ṉ⟩paṟkaraci¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Eḻuttu

yāṇṭu 6-vatu cempiya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuḷattūril tārā-p-paḷḷa-kaṇṭattu p(ā)mpuṇi (ki)ḻā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ nila(ttu)kku kiḻakku mu¡n!⟨ṉ⟩(pu U)ṟ(ai)-
13nāḻi nellukk’ e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟu n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki pi¡n!⟨ṉ⟩pu pukunta ni(la)m {8 symbols = fractions} Āka

nilam Iraṇ(ṭ-ē) mu-k-kāl-ē Oru-mā-v arai Arai-k-kāṇiyi¡n!⟨ṉ⟩āl nel munnūṟṟ’ aṟu-pati¡n!⟨ṅ⟩ kalatt(ā)lum

I(v)ai k(ō)yiṟ kaṇakku kuṇṭaiyūr kiḻava(n) eḻuttu Ip-paṭikku Ivai tē(varkan)mi tirucciṟṟampala-pa(ṭṭan eḻuttu) Ip-paṭikku I(v)ai śrī-kāriyam mulaṅkuṭaiyā(n) eḻut(tu) Ip-paṭikku (I)-
14vai śrī-māheśvara-kaṇkāṇi tiruvā(ti) Anpaṟkaraci¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu

Apparatus

6 °c(ō)ḷa° • The kompu only is unclear in c(ō)¡ḷ!⟨ḻ⟩a.
7 pāṇapeṟ-āka ◇ pāṇapeṟāka SII • Palaniappan reads pāṇpeṟāka, supposedly because he expects pāṇa-p-peṟ-āka, but we find below tirucciṟṟampala-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩, whereas tirucciṟṟampala-p-paṭṭaṉ is the standard expected form.
8 pāṇa-kāṇiyum ◇ pāṇakāṇiyum SII • Palaniappan reads pāṇkāṇiyum.
13 k(ō)yiṟ-kaṇakku • The kompu only is unclear in k(ō)yiṟ.

Translation by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis

1 Prosperity! Fortune!

1-5 who graciously sat with ... [meykkīrtti of Kulottuṅga II Cōḻa]

5-6 9th year of the glorious king Kulottuṅgacōḷa, emperor of the three worlds, alias Kōpparakesarivarman.

6-7 According to the acquisition of the previous land rights (mutal kāṇi peṟṟa), [it was given] to the singer (pāṇaṉ) Acañcala-p Pērayaṉ, alias Irumuticōḻa Pirān so that he

  • takes charge of appointing singers;
  • teaches (pāṭṭuvikka) the dancing girls (tēvāraṭiyār) attached to the temple (taḷiyillār) to sing;
  • sings to the Lord of Tiruviṭaimarutūr in Tiraimūr-nāṭu within the Uyyakkoṇṭārvaḷa-nāṭu.

7 The land that is needed for this [amount of] paddy, fixed (kaṭṭi) for the temple affairs (nivanta), was agreed (kūṭa) by the temple staff (nivantakkārar) who perform various services (palapaṇi) in the temple. The paddy that came [will be utilized] so that daily pots of paddy [measured] by the village measure (ūrkkālāl), which, from the ninth year onwards, includes (uḷpaṭa) gold coins and paddy that were received previously (muṉpu peṟṟu varum) for singing (pāṇapeṟ’ āka) in the temple.

7-8 From the ninth year [of the king Kulottuṅgacōḻa] onwards, the royal order (tirumukam), which has been gracefully commanded (prasātam ceytaruḷiṉa) for obtaining grace (prāsadam peṟṟamai), is now engraved in stone in this manner: a house (maṉai) is granted (viṭṭu) to him, which was formerly a dwelling place (kuṭiyiruppāṉa) for the singers that have been removed (aṭaittu) so that, after evicting (tavirttu) the previous residents (muṉṉuṭaiyār), [he receives] a land for his subsistance (nila-jīvitam) and land rights for singing (pāṇakāṇi) in these villages, which are a tēvatāṉam (devadāna) for this god.

8 This is in accordance with the royal order signed by the royal officer (tirumantiravōlai) Putukkuṭaiyār and by Malaiya-p Pirāyar.

8-10 [This is] also according to the tax exemption (uḷvari) that [the following people] have signed:

  • Neṭumaṇamuṭaiyāṉ, the official of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇattu mukaveṭṭi),
  • Poṉṉuḻāṉ, the head of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇa-nāyakam) Poṉṉuḻāṉ,
  • Paṇṇai Nallūruṭaiyāṉ, the official of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇa-mukaveṭṭi),
  • Vēḷār Kiḻavaṉ, the official of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇa-mukaveṭṭi),
  • Aracūruṭaiyāṉ, the official of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇa-mukaveṭṭi),
  • Ceṟṟūruṭaiyāṉ, the head of the revenue department (purovari śrīkaraṇa-nāyakam),
  • Paṅkaḷarāyar, the land revenue official (purovari) of the ... (kūṟu),
  • Ciṅkaḷarāyar,
  • and Vayanāṭṭāraiyar

10-11 [It is thus given] so that there be (āka)

  • 1 (oṉṟē) + 3/4 (mukkālē) + 1/160 (araikkāṇi) + 1/320 (muntirikai) + 1/640 (kīḻarai) [amounting to 1127/640] of land in the middle parcel (naṭuviṟ-kaṇṭam), located to the north of the Tarāppaḷḷa parcel (kaṇṭam), west of the Kiṭāraṅkoṇṭacōla channel (vatikku), south of the Muñci branch canal, east of the Kulōttuṅkacōḻa channel, which is in Cempiyaṉ Kuḷattūr in the Tiraimūr-nāṭu, located in the Uyyakoṇṭārvaḷa-nāṭu, which is a land donated (tēvatāṉa) to this god, as well as
  • 3/4 (mukkālē) + 1/5 (nālumā) + 1/160 (araikkāṇi) + 1/320 (muntirikai) [amounting to 307/320] to the east of the land of Pāmpuṇi Kiḻāṉ, which is situated on the northern border of Tiraimūr brahmatēyam (Skt. brahmadeyam), west of of the Kiṭāraṅkoṇṭa-cōḻa channel, south of this [aforementioned boundary].
  • By the obligation of the land (nila v-ōpāti) [which amounts to] 2 (iraṇṭu) + 1/2 (araiyē) + 1/5 (nālumā) + 1/80 (kāṇi) 1/160 (araikkāṇi) + 1/640 (kīḻaraikku) [amounting to 1741/640] the 349 pots of paddy, which was the share of the village (uṟaināḻi), is increased (eṟṟi) [for a total] of 360 pots of paddy.↓1

12

  • This is the signature of Kuṇṭaiyūr Kiḻavaṉ, the accountant of the temple;
  • in this manner, these is the signature of Tirucciṟṟampalapaṭṭaṉ, the temple official (tēvarkaṉmi);
  • in this manner, these is the signature of Mu(la)ṅkuṭaiyān, the temple official (śrīkāriyam);
  • these is the signature of Tiruviti↓2 Aṉpaṟkaracu.

12-13 so that {unknown area} of land previously was added in the 6th year by removing the previous the share of the village (uṟaināḻi) of paddy to the east of the land of Pāmpuṇi Kiḻāṉ from the Tarāpaḷḷa parcel, which is in Cempiyaṉ Kuḷattūr.

13 [To obtain] 360 pots of paddy [that are obtained] by 2 (iraṇṭē) + 3/4 (mukkālē) + 3/40 (orumāvarai) + 1/320 (araikkāṇi) [amounting to 453/160] of land.

13-14

  • This is the signature of Kuṇṭaiyūr Kiḻavaṉ, the accountant of the temple;
  • in this manner, this is the signature of Tirucciṟṟampalapaṭṭaṉ, the temple official (tēvarkaṉmi);
  • in this manner, this is the signature of Mu(la)ṅkuṭaiyān, the temple official (śrīkāriyam);
  • in this manner, this is the signature of Tiruvāti↓3 Aṉpaṟkaracu, the glorious ... (śrī-māheśvara-kaṇkāṇi).

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1894-1895 (ARIE/1894-1895/B/1895/141).

Edited in Krishna Sastri 1925 (SII 5.705); partially translated by Orr 2000 and by Palaniappan 2016.

This digital edition by Renato Dávalos (2024), based on Krishna Sastri 1925. This translation by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis (2024).

Primary

Krishna Sastri, H. 1925. South-Indian Inscriptions (Texts). Volume V: Miscellaneous Inscriptions from the Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada Countries. South Indian Inscriptions 5. Madras: Government Press.
Pages 295–296, № 705. [siglum SII]

Secondary

ARIE 1894-1895. Page 14, appendix B/1895, № 141.
Orr, Leslie C. 2000. Donors, Devotees, and Daughters of God, Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pages 102–103.
Palaniappan, Sudalaimuthu. 2016. “Hagiography versus History: The Tamil Pāṇar in Bhakti-Oriented Hagiographic Texts and Inscriptions.” The Archaeology of Bhakti, II: Royal bhakti, local bhakti, edited by Emmanuel Francis and Charlotte Schmid, 303–46. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry / École française d’Extrême-Orient.
Pages 331–332.

Notes

↑1. The total amount could be expressed also as 2 [vēli] and 461/640. This would be the total sum of the two other areas of land described above.
↑2. Tiruvāti in line 13.
↑3. Tiruviti in line 12.