Tiruvallam rock inscription, time of Nandivarman, year 62

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Current Version:  draft, 2024-04-22Z

Editor:   Emmanuel Francis.

DHARMA Identifier: INSPallava00091

Hand Description:


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    Edition

    1Om· namaś śivāya{m·} (sva)sti śrī


    2kō-vicaiya-nanti-vikkirama-parumaṟku yā-
    3ṇṭ’ aṟu-pa(t)t-iraṇ(ṭ)-ā(va)tu

    sakala-jagatra-
    4bhivandita-surāsurādhīśa-parameśvara-prati-
    5hārikṛta-mahāvali-kulot·bhava-śrī-māvalivāṇayar
    6vaṭu(kava)ḻi (pa)ṉṉī¡rr!⟨r⟩āyiramum Āḻa v(āṇa)purattu
    7vaṭa-(c)ikara-kōyil putukkuvittu Itaṟku Iḷaṅ-
    8kiḻavar makaṉ maṉṟāṭiṭai Aḻiñciṟka(ḷam) paṭṭi (vi)laikku
    9koṇṭu kuṭuttēṉ

    U(ṟ)ṟukkāṭṭu kōṭṭattu (A)ḷiṅkaṇa-pā⟨kka⟩ttu-
    10kīḻakattu taṭṭāṉ mā(ta)¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ maka¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ (A)ritīraṉ kuṭutta tēvar pōkam-
    11mavalivāṇarāyar piṭākai valañ-ceytu koṭuttār

    Itu kāt-
    12tā(r A)ṭi[yeṇ muṭi mē]laṉa

    Itu Aḻittāṉ kaṭikai (E)ḻā Iru(va)raiyum
    13ko(ṉṟa pāvattu pa)ṭuvāṉ

    Itu Aḻi(t)tāṉ Ippāvattu⟨k⟩ku Añcāṉāyil
    14(Aṉ) [2+] kōyilu⟨k⟩ku Āyiram kā(ṇam ta)ṇṭappaṭuvōm vāṇapurattō(m)

    Anuṣṭubh
    15¿va?⟨ba⟩(hu)bhir(·) vasudhā dattā
    rāja(bh)i⟨ḥ⟩ sakaradibhi⟨ḥ⟩
    yasya yasya yadā bhū16mi⟨s⟩
    tasya tasya tadā phalam·

    Apparatus

    2 °nanti-vikkirama° • There is a blank space between °nanti° and °vikkirama°, as the final character of line 1 (śrī) interrupts this word.
    3 °jagatrayā° • That, is jagat+trayā°
    5 °kulot·bhava° • That is, °kulod·bhava°
    7 vaṭa-(c)ikara-kōyilvaṭa-(ci)kara-kōyil EH7 ItaṟkuI(ta)ṟku EH
    9 U(ṟ)ṟukkāṭṭuUṟṟukkāṭṭu EH
    12 Iru(va)raiyumI¿ru?⟨ra⟩(va)raiyum IP
    13 ko(ṉṟa pāvattu pa)ṭuvāṉko(ṉṟa p)āvattu (pa)ṭuvāṉ EH
    14 (Aṉ) [2+] • see SII fn3.14 kā(ṇam)kāṇam EH
    15 ¿va?⟨ba⟩(hu)bhir(·)¿va?⟨ba⟩(hu)bhir· EH • The reading bahubhir· seems also possible15 rāja(bh)i⟨ḥ⟩rāja(bhi)⟨ḥ⟩ EH15 sakaradibhi⟨ḥ⟩ • That is, sagaradibhi.

    Translation by Hultzsch 1899

    1Ōm. Obeisance to Śiva! Hail! Prosperity!

    2-9In the sixty-second year (of the reign) of king Vijaya-Nandivikrama-varman, while the glorious Māvalivāṇarāya,— born from the family of Mahābali, who had been made door-keeper by the lord of gods and demons, Parameśvara (Śiva), who is worshipped in all the three worlds,— was ruling the Vaṭu(kava)ḻi twelve-thousand,— I, (A)ridhiraṉ, the son of Mā(ta)ṉ, a goldsmith (and resident) of a house in the east of (A)ḷiṅganāpā(kka)m in (the district of) Ūṟṟukkāṭṭu-kōṭṭam,↓1 caused to be renewed the Vaṭa-(ci)kara-kōyil↓2 at Vāṇapuram and gave to it the (paṭṭi)↓3 (called) Aḻiñciṟka(ḷam), (which I had) bought from Maṉṟāṭi, the son of Iḷaṅkiḻavar.

    10Mahāvalivāṇarāya circumambulated the hamlet (piṭākai) towards the right and granted (the land) enjoyed by the god, which (Aridhīraṉ) had given.

    11The feet of him who protects this (charity), (shall be) on my head.↓4 He who destroys this (charity), shall incur the sin of one who kills the great men who are permanent (members)↓5 of the assembly.↓6 If the destroyer of this (charity) does not fear this sin, we, (the inhabitants) of Vāṇapuram, shall pay a fine of one thousand (kāṇam) to the palace of the king who is then ruling.↓7

    15Land has been granted by many kings, commencing with Sagara. Whosever (is) the earth at any time, his (is) then the reward (of gifts of land).

    Translation by Hultzsch (1899). Standardised according to DHARMA TG and EG.

    Translation into French by Emmanuel Francis

    1Om. Homage to Śiva. Prosperity ! Fortune !

    2-3Sixty-second year of the victorious king Nandivikramavarman.

    3-9I have given...

    9-11The king Mahābalibāṇa has given...

    11-12...

    12-13...

    13-14...

    ...
    ...
    ...
    ...

    Commentary

    Several orthographic peculiarities indicate that the composer/scribe is from South India: kulotbhava- instead of kulodbhava-, sakara- instead of sagara-.

    Note on Iruvar/Iravar. See SII p. 92, fn. 2.

    Bibliography

    Edited in Hultzsch 1899 with facsimile and English translation (SII 3, n° 42); text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP n° 91); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on the facsimile published in Hultzsch 1899.

    Primary

    Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian Inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous Inscriptions from the Tamil Country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions, 3.1. Madras: Governement Press.
    № 42, pages 90–92, plate V. [siglum EH]
    Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan.
    № 91, pages 321–322. [siglum IP]

    Secondary

    ARIE 1889-1890. Page 5, appendix A/1899, № 76. [siglum ARIE1889-1890]

    Notes

    ↑1. 7 See above, Vol. II. p. 345 and note 4.
    ↑2. 8 I.e. ’the temple with the tower in the north.’
    ↑3. 9 On this term see above, Vol. II. p. 359, note 12.
    ↑4. 1 See above, p. 39, note 4.
    ↑5. 2 Literally, ’who do not rise.’
    ↑6. 3 The two Tamil words iruvar and kaṭikai correspond to mahājana and ghaṭige in Cāḷukya inscription; Ep. Ind. Vol. III. p. 360.
    ↑7. 4 With அன்றாள் கொயில் compare அன்றார் கொ, above, Vol. I. pp. 113 and 115.