BESTOW

by Amandine Wattelier-Bricout

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Anuṣṭubh

Adbhir dattaṁ tribhir bhuktaṁ sadbhiś ca paripālitam etāni na nivartante pūrva-rāja-kr̥tāni ca


Translation

It was given with ablutions; it has been enjoyed three times; it has been protected by noble men: these acts of the kings of olden days never cease.

Sircar's notes

3. See, e. g., Ind. Ant., Vol. VI. p. 26, lines 26-27.

See Halsi Grant of Ravivarman (5 plates).


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Upajāti

Āditya-candrāv anilo 'nalaś ca dyaur bhūmir āpo hr̥dayaṁ manaś ca ahaś ca rātriś ca ubhe ca sandhye dharmasya jānanti narasya vr̥ttam


Translation

The sun and the moon, the wind and the fire, the sky, the earth, the waters, the heart and the spirit, and the day, and the night, and the two twilights, know man's deeds, [the act] of dharma.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. I, revised ed., p. 35; Ind.Ant., Vol. IV, pp. 333-34. See below, Nos. 37-38.

This verse is found in the following testimonies:


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Anuṣṭubh

Ādityā Iva dīpyante tejasā divi mānavāḥ ye prayacchanti vasudhāṁ brāhmaṇāyāhitāgnaye


Translation

Like the sun in the sky, they shine with energy, the men who offer earth for [sustaining] a fire established by a brahmin.

See Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 1232, line 122-123.

The verse is quoted with no variation in the Dānasāgara of Ballālasena (Bhattacharya 1953: 332, verse 41).

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Mahābhārata 13.61.43 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

Ādityā iva dīpyante tejasā bhuvi mānavāḥ dadanti vasudhāṃ sphītāṃ ye vedaviduṣi dvije



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Anuṣṭubh

Ādityo varuṇo viṣṇur brahmā somo hutāśanaḥ śūlapāṇiś ca bhagavān pratinandanti bhūmidaM


Translation

Āditya, Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Soma, Hutāśana, Śulpāṇis and the Lord rejoice the land-giver.

Sircar's notes

1. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 142, text lines 33 f. Often abhinandanti is found instead of pratinandanti and sometimes Hutāsana-purogamāḥ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXX, p. 278, text line 14) in the second foot. Sometimes we have Ādityā Vasavo Rudrā in the first and Nārāyaṇaś=ca bhagavān in the third foot (Ep. Carn., Vol.III, No. Sr. 15). The stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 48; Atrisaṁhitā, verse 330 (with abhinandati); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, 16 (with abhinandati, and Vahni° for Viṣṇu°). Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 316) attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati. A similar stanza is Pitaraḥ pitr̥-lokasthā deva-loke divaukasaḥ | santarpayanti dātārāṁ bhūmeḥ prabhavatāṁ vara || (Ep. Ind„ Vol XII, p. 97, lines 28-29).

See Satalma plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 8 (DHARMA_INSSomavamsin00008.xml file coming soon)

The verse is quoted with no variation in Mahābhārata 13.61.45 (GRETIL)

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

The verse is quoted with a minor variation in pāda d in Dānasāgara of Ballālasena (Bhattacharya 1953: 316, verse 6) and is ascribed here to the Dānabṛhaspati.

Anuṣṭubh

Ādityo varuṇo viṣṇur brahmā somo hutāśanaḥ śūlapāṇiś ca bhagavān abhinandanti bhūmidaM



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Anuṣṭubh

yamo 'tha varuṇo vāyuḥ śakraḥ śukro br̥haspatiḥ candrādityagrahāḥ sarve Abhinandanti bhūmidaM


Translation

Yama, Vāruṇa, Vāyu, Śakra, Śukra, Br̥haspati, Candra, Āditya and the Grahas: they all rejoice in one who gives land!

Sircar's notes

This stanza is quoted in Raktamālā Grant no. 1, year 159 (see Griffiths 2015


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Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāvaḥ dattās trayas tena bhavanti lokā yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāṁ ca mahīṁ ca dadyāt


Translation

Gold is Agni's first born son, Earth Viṣṇu's wife and cows Sun's daughters; the one who gives gold, cows and land, the worlds belongs to him by these three kinds of gifts.

Sircar's notes

2. CII, Vol. III, pp. 194, 198, 296. Sometimes we have loka-trayaṁ tena bhaved=dhi dattaṁ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 60‚ text lines 51-52). The same stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata, III, 199, 128, Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 31, and Saṁvartasaṁhitā, verse 74, with lokās=trayas=tena bhavanti dattā°, while the Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 32, has the quarter as teṣām=anantaṁ phalam=aśnuvīta. Ballāla's Ḍānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 317) attributes it to Saṁvar̥ta.

Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse can be read in the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra, 28.16 :

Indravajrā

Agner apatyaṁ prathamaṁ suvarṇaṁ bhūr vaiṣṇavī sūrya-sutāś ca gāvaḥ tāsāmanantaṁ phalam aśruvīta yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāṁ ca mahīṁ ca dadyāt


Gold is the firstborn of Fire; land is the daughter of Viṣṇu; and cows are the children of Sun. A man who gives gift of gold, land or cows obtains an eternal reward. (translation Olivelle 2000: 459)

According to Olivelle 2000: 346, the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra represents a transitional phase from the prose Dharmasūtras to the verse Smṛtis. Olivelle (Olivelle 2000: 10) places Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra's composition close to the beginning of the common era or even in the first century CE.


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Anuṣṭubh

Agniṣṭomādibhir yajñair iṣṭvā vipula-dakṣiṇaiḥ na tat phalam avāpnoti yad dattvā vasudhāṁ nr̥pa


Translation

O king, even after offering sacrifices such as the Agniṣṭoma etc, whose fees are substantial, one does not obtain the fruit (obtained) after giving earth.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep.Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 41. The second half is sometimes read as yaṣṭā bhavati rājendra yo dadāti vasundharām (Ep.Ind. Vol. XXV, p. 278, text lines 12-13). Sometimes we have the stanza as Agniṣṭoma-prabhr̥tibhir=iṣṭvā yajñaiḥ sa-dakṣiṇaiḥ| na tat=phalam=avāpnoti bhūmi-dānād=yad=aśnute || (Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 108-09) while the Mahābhārata (XIII, 62, 73) shows this reading with ca sv-āpta- dakṣiṇaiḥ in the second foot.
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Anuṣṭubh

Agniṣṭoma-prabhr̥tibhir iṣṭvā yajñaiḥ sa-dakṣiṇaiḥ na tat phalam avāpnoti bhūmi-dānād yad aśnute


Translation

Even after offering sacrifices such as the Agniṣṭoma etc, with substantial fees, one does not obtain the fruit (obtained) after giving earth.

Bibliography



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Anuṣṭubh

Aho rāghava rājendra sapta kalpāni jīvinam na śr̥ṇomi na paśyāmi svayaṁ-dattāpahāriṇam


Translation

Alas, o son of Raghu, the best of kings, during a life of seven kalpa I can’t see or hear the man who steals the gift for his own purpose.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. IX, Dv. No. 15; Vol. X, Goribidnur No. 3; cf. Vol. XIV, Gu. No. 126.

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Anuṣṭubh

A-karasya karādānaṁ go-koṭi-vadha ucyate sa-karasya kara-cchedī prāpnoti paramaṁ padam


Translation

Taxing a tax-exempt land is equal to the slaughter of ten million cows, but exempting a taxable resource from taxes allows us to reach the ultimate goal.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Akara-kara-kāras=tu, etc. See No. 8‚ note. Akareṣu, etc. See No. 8, note.
Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Belur No. 74. Sometimes we have : Akara-kara-kāras=tu go-sahasra-vadhaḥ smr̥taḥ |nivr̥tta-kara-kāras=tu go-koṭi-phalam=aśnute (ibid., Vol. VII, Sk. No. 323). For slight variations, see ibid., Vol. XII. Tp. No. 28. Ibid., Vol. XII, Ck. No. 42 has : Akareṣu karaṁ kr̥tvā bhīṣayitvā ca go-vrajam | sva-vaṁśaḥ kāla-sūtre ca kramaśo bhuvi pātyate ||

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Anuṣṭubh

Andho dvādaśa janmāni daśa janmāni śūkaraḥ kuṣṭhī janma-sahasrāṇi bhūmi-dānāpahārakaḥ


Translation

He who steals a land-gift will be born twelve times in darkness, ten times as a boar, a thousand times as a leper.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Andhakaḥ, etc. See No. 9, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 177. Sometimes we have Andhakaḥ sapta janmāni in the first foot and svayaṁ datt-āpahārakāḥ in the last.

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Anuṣṭubh

Anucintya śriyaṁ jīvyaṁ padma-patrāṇu-binduvat buddhvātrodāhr̥taṁ sarvaṁ na lopyāḥ para-kīrtayaḥ


Translation

Having considered that the fortune is as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that all is an illustration, let the glorious acts made by others not be destroyed.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 45, text lines 31-32. See No. 71 below.

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Anuṣṭubh

Anya-gotra-samutpannam api cānya-samudbhavam mahāpātaka-yuktaś ca yo dānaṁ parisaṁvaret


Translation

Anyone who is enriched by a gift that comes from someone else, or even from another gotra, is tainted with the great sins:

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Carn., Vol. XIV, IIg. No. 143.

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Anuṣṭubh

Anya-kṣetre kr̥taṁ pāpaṁ puṇya-kṣetre vinaśyati puṇya-kṣetre kr̥taṁ pāpaṁ vajralepena tiṣṭhati


Translation

Sin committed in a foreign field disappears in a sacred field. Sin committed in a sacred field remains as a sticking plaster.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Anityāni śarīrāṇi, etc. See No. 12, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. VII, Sk. No. 63. For vajra-lepaṁ bhaviṣyati in the last foot, see ibid., Vol. XII, Tp. No. 28. This stanza is not specially related to dāna as also the verse : Anityāni śarīrāṇi vibhavaṁ n=aiva śāśvatam | nityaṁ sannihito mr̥tyuḥ kartavyo dharma-saṁgrahaḥ||(A. R. Ep. 1946-47, No. B 208).

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Anuṣṭubh

Anyāyena hr̥tā bhūmir hāritā vānumoditā Atītāgāmi-pāpānāṁ dahaty ā-saptamaṁ kulam


Translation

Amongst the sins committed in the past and in the future, [there are the cases when] the earth has been taken in an improper manner or taken in a good way has been stolen : [in both these cases] one burns during seven generations.

Sircar's notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 12 (text lines 25-26) reads the second and third feet as anyāyena tu hāritā and harato hārayataś=ca. The Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 36) has the stanza with: yair=narair=apahāritā in the second foot and harato hārayantaś=ca hanyus=te saptamaṁ kulam in the second half. Cf. Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 34. See below. No. 100.

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Anuṣṭubh

Anyeṣāṁ charditaṁ bhuṅkte śvāpi sva-charditaṁ na tu tataḥ kaṣṭataro nīcaḥ sva-dattasyāpahārakaḥ


Translation

The one who has stolen what was given to his relatives is the worst and the most malevolent: as a dog, he will eat the vomits of others instead his own.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Anyaiś ca charditaṁ, etc. See No. 14, note.
Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Carn., vol. III, ML. No. 121. Sometimes we have : Anyais=tu charditaṁ kṣudraiḥ śvabhiś=ca charditaṁ na tu| tataḥ kaṣṭas=tato nīcaḥ svayaṁdatt-āpahārakaḥ || (Ind. Ant., Vol. IV, p. 334).

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Anuṣṭubh

Api gaṅgādi-tīrtheṣu hantur gām athavā dvijam niṣkr̥tiḥ syān na deva-sva -brahma-sva-haraṇe nr̥ṇām


Translation

The slayer of a cow or of a Brahman may perchance find atonement in the Ganges and other holy places; but in the case of appropriation of the possessions of gods and Brahmans there can be no atonement for men.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Śiva-putro, etc. See No. 15, note. Aṣṭāviṁśati, etc. See No. 15, note.
Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol XIII, p. 22. Cf. Śāstreṣu pāpīnāṁ dr̥ṣṭaṁ prāyaścittaṁ dvijottama | na dr̥ṭṣaṁ bhūmi-hartr̥ṇām prāyaścittaṁ *dvija kvacit || Śivaputro jano dātā pālakah punya-bhāk=param l lopakr̥c=ca makāpāpī vicārya=aivam prapālayet || (Khare, op. cit., p. 34); Aṣṭāviṁśati-kotyo yā narakāṇāṁ su-dāruṇāh | kramena tāsu pacyante deva-brahma-sva-hāriṇaḥ || (Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXXI. p. 110).

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Anuṣṭubh

Api hasta-mitāṁ bhūmiṁ yo viprāya prayacchati ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi svarga-loke mahīyate


Translation

Whoever gives to a vipra even a small piece of land in his possession will rejoice in heaven for sixty thousand years.

Sircar's notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol.XIV, p. 73.

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Anuṣṭubh

Ārya-saṅghāya dattāṁ yo vr̥ttiṁ rakṣati mānavaḥ sa divaṁ prāpya divyātmā kalpa-koṭiṣu modate


Translation

The man who protects the support given to a noble saṅgha, having obtained the heaven, rejoices [there] with a divine soul for millions kalpas.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 75.

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Anuṣṭubh

Asāre 'pi ca saṁsāre jīvitasya phala-dvayam pālanaṁ para-kīrtīnāṁ svayaṁ–kartr̥tvam eva ca


Translation

Even in the unfit saṁsāra, protecting the glorious deeds made by another or by ourselves gives the double fruit in this life.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 45, text lines 30-31.

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Vasantatilakā

Asmat-kula-kramam udāram udāharadbhir anyaiś ca dānam idam abhyanumodanīyam lakṣmyās taḍit-salila-budbuda-cañcalāyā dānaṁ phalaṁ para-yaśaḥ-paripālanañ ca


Translation

This gift should be approved by those who proclaim the excellent order of our family and by others; fortune is as shaky as a drop of glistening water, so giving is the fruit that protects glory in the hereafter.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 277, text lines 22-25; cf. Vol. XXXVI, p. 46.

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Anuṣṭubh

Āsphoṭayanti pitaraḥ pravalganti pitāmahāḥ bhūmido 'smat-kule jātaḥ sa nas trātā bhaviṣyati


Translation

The Fathers are applauding and the Grand-Fathers are hopping up and down [when they can say] ‘A giver of land is born within our lineage, sure, he will deliver us!'

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

nandanti tasya pitaraḥ, etc. See No. 20, note. Ānandanti ca, etc. See No. 20, note.
Sircar's notes

5. CII, Vol. III. p. 119. Sometimes we have nandanti tasya pitaraḥ or nr̥tyanti pitaras=tasya (Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXIX, p. 194, text line 35; Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 38) in the first foot and valgayanti for pravalganti, or valganti ca and sa naḥ santārayiṣyati (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 60, text lines 52-53; p. 218, verse 38). For Ānandanti ca pitaraḥ in the first foot, sec Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 164, text line 20. The stanza occurs in the Padma Purāṇa, VI‚ 33, 17 (with pitaro varṇayanti and bhūmi-dātā kule); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 17 (with praharṣanti pitāmahāḥ); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 24 (with kathayanti pitāmahāḥ and so= 'smān=santārayiyṣati ). Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 317, with pravadanti and so= 'smān=santārayiyṣati ) and Aparārka (Yājñavalkīya-Dharmaśāstra-nibandha, Anandasrama Press, p. 370) assign it to Br̥haspati and the Viṣṇudharmottara respectively.

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Anuṣṭubh

aśvamedha-sahasrāṇi vājapeya-śatāni ca pauṇḍarika-sahasrāṇi bhūmi-dānārdhikaṁ phalam


Translation

The fruit of thousand horse-sacrifices, that of thousand Vājapeya sacrifices, and of thousand solemn sacrifices of the soma pauṇḍarika are worth half that of a gift of land.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, text lines 26-27. The second half is also given as kr̥tvā yat=phalam-\-āpnoti bhūmi-dānat=tad=aśnute(Ep. Carn., Vol. X, Malur No. 57).

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Anuṣṭubh

Āyuḥ putrā dhanaṁ saukhyaṁ saubhāgyaṁ rājyam akṣayam ābhiśraiṣṭhyaṁ yaśaḥ svargaṁ bhūmido labhate phalam


Translation

The long life, sons, the wealth, the felicity, the happiness, an indestructible royalty, the supremacy, the glory and the heaven, it is what is obtained by a land-giver.

Sircar's notes

1. Ind. Ant.,VoI. XII. p. 127.

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Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vasudhā bhuktā rājabhiḥ sagarādibhiḥ yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phalam


Translation

Land has been given by several kings beginning with Sagara. Whoever holds land at a given time, to him does the fruit belong.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Iyaṁ rāja-śatair-dattā, etc. Sec No. 23, note. manu-prabhr̥tibhir mānyaiḥ, etc. Sec No. 23, note. Rājabhir=bahubhir=dattā, etc. See No. 23, note. Yānti kālena, etc. See No. 23, note. Yas=tu pālayate, etc. See No. 23, note.
Sircar's notes

2. CII, Vol. III. pp. 96, 104, 108, 115, 119, 122, 127, 133, etc., where this stanza is found together with Ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi, etc. (No. 123), which is also noticed in some cases without this one (cf. ibid., pp. 238, 247). Sometimes dattā (ibid., p.296) appears instead of bhuktā and bahubhiś=ānupālitā (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 80, text line 43), or bhujyate ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., p. 66, text line 32), or rājabhiś=ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., Vol. XV, p. 1-39, verse 13), or bhujyate ca narādhipaiḥ (ibid., Vol. XVII. p. 304, verse 23 )‚ or bahudhā vasudh-ādhipaiḥ (ibid., Vol. XXXI, p. 93; often vasudhā wrongly for bahudhā— ibid., Vol. XXI p. 25, text line 10) for rājabhiḥ Sagar-ādibhiḥ. occasionally we have : Rājabhir=bahubhir=dattā (Iyaṁ rāja-śatair=dattā—ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 161, text line 22) dīyate ca punaḥ punaḥ (ibid., Vol. XX, p. 159) in the first half which sometimes also reads as Manu-prabhr̥tibhir=mānyair=bhuktā yady=api rājabhiḥ (ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 75, text lines 11 –12). For pārthivaiḥ instead of rājabhiḥ, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 267. The stanza occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 26-27; BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 22 (with bhuktā, for dattā); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 25 (with rājabhiḥ pr̥thivi tv=iyam);Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 26; also Vr̥ddha-Gautama, according to Aparārka, op. cit., p. 541. Ballāla (op. cit., pp. 316-17) attributes the stanza(with dattā for bhuktā) to the Dāna-Br̥haspati. Cf. two analogous stanzas : Yas=tu pālayate bhūmiṁ bhūmipālas=tath=etaraḥ | sa dātuḥ phalam=āpnoti samaṁ dīrghaṁ ca jīvati || Yānti kālena rājāno mahī punar=avasthitā | tad=stāṁ yo yadā bhuṅkte sa tadā phalam=aśnute l| (Ep. Ind., Vol.XXXVI, pp. 18, 46).

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Anuṣṭubh

bahun ātra kim uktena saṁkṣepād idam ucyate svalpam āyuś calā bhogā dharmo lokadvaya-kṣamaḥ


Translation

What can I say? Here is a summary : health is short and wealth instable, but dharma remains in the two worlds.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 216, text lines 25–26.

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Anuṣṭubh

bhūmi-dānaṁ su-pātreṣu su-tīrtheṣu su-parvasu agādhāpāra-saṁsāra -sāgarottāraṇaṁ bhavet


Translation

Among the best sacrificial vessels, among the best holy places, among the best occasions, may the earth-gift be a way out of the infinite and deep ocean of rebirth !

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 60‚ text lines 53-54.

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Anuṣṭubh

bhūmi-dāna-samaṁ dānam iha-loke na vidyate yaḥ prayacchati bhūmiṁ hi sarva-kāmān dadāti saḥ


Translation

In this world, there is no gift such as the gift of land. The land-giver obtains all his desires.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol VIII. p. 303, text lines 23-24.

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Anuṣṭubh

bhūmi-dānasya yaḥ kartā yaś ca kārayitā śuciḥ pālakaś cānumantā ca svargaṁ gacchati mānavaḥ


Translation

The land-giver, the pure one who orders a land-gift and the one who will protect it, all these men go to heaven.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 170, line 121.

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Anuṣṭubh

bhūmi-dānāt paraṁ dānaṁ na bhūtaṁ na bhaviṣyati tasyaiva haraṇāt pāpaṁ na bhūtaṁ na bhaviṣyati


Translation

There has never been and will never be a gift superior to the gift of land, nor has there ever been or will ever be a sin [superior] to the seizing of the same.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Bhūmi-dāna-samaṁ dānaṁ na, etc. See No. 28, note.
Sircar's notes

7. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 235, text lines 26-28. Sometimes we have iha-loke na vidyate for the second quarter and yah prayacchati bhūmiṁ hi sarva-kāmān=dadāti saḥ in the second half (ibid., Vol. XXIV, p. 303, text lines 23-24). For Bhūmi-dāna-samaṁ at the beginning and dānena yat=phalaṁ proktaṁ pālanena tato=dhikam in the second half, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 42, text lines 25-26.

best st0029

Anuṣṭubh

bhūmiṁ yaḥ pratigr̥hṇāti yaś ca bhūmiṁ prayacchati Ubhau tau puṇya-karmāṇau niyataṁ svarga-gāminau


Translation

The one who receives a land and the one who offers a land, both of them are men with meritorious deeds who are surely going to heaven.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Dātā ca preraka°, etc. See No. 29, note. Upadeśī ca dātā ca, etc. See No. 29, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 30-31; p. 348, text lines 24-25. Sometimes we have yas=tu for yaś=ca (ibid., Vol. XI, p. 312) and niyatau (ibid., Vol. XXVIII. p. 292, text line 26) or dvāv=etau (ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 194, text line 19) for niyataṁ. The stanza is found in the Padma Purāṇa, VI. 33, 35-36; Vr̥ddha-Hāritasmr̥ti, VII, 164; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33 (with bhūmiṁ yasya in the second foot). It is attributed to the Dāna-Br̥haspati in Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 317), to the Kūrma Purāṇa in the Dānacandrikā (with tāv==ubhau puruṣau loke sūrya-maṇḍala-bhedinau) and to Br̥haspati in Halāyudha's Brāhmaṇasarvasva (IHQ., Vol. VI, p. 777). See also the Mitākṣarā on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, II, 114. A verse modified from this stanza (cf. also No. 27) seems to be : Upadeśī ca dātā ca niyatau svarga-vāsinau | upadeśi prathamaṁ yāti paścād=dātā Dhanañjaya || (A. R. Ep., 1946–47, N°. B 205). Another such stanza is Dātā ca pierakaś=c=aiva ye dharma-pratipālakāḥ | te sarve punya-karmāṇo niyataṁ svarga-gāminaḥ || (Ind. Ant., Vol. XI, p. 243, text lines 4o-41).

best st0030

Vasantatilakā

bhūmi-pradā divi lalanti patanti hanta hr̥tvā mahīṁ nr̥patayo narake nr̥śaṁsā Etad dvayaṁ parikalayya calāñ ca lakṣmīm āyus tathā kurutha yad bhavatām abhīṣṭam


Translation

The givers of earth rejoice in heaven, and alas, they fall, the lords who steal the earth, vile men, into the hell. Having observed this double and balancing fortune, may you work for the longevity desired by his Majesty !

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 221, text lines 21-24. The stanza is sometimes quoted separately from the Vyāsa-gīta group of verses (ibid. Vol. XXXIV, p. 114).

This verse is quoted in the following inscriptions : Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 6, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 11, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 19, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 37, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 38, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 46, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 48, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 48 or later), Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 52, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 55, Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated (presumably year 55 or later), Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, undated


best st0031

Indravajrā

bhūmi-pradānān na paraṁ pradānaṁ dānād viśiṣṭaṁ paripālanañ ca sarve 'tisr̥ṣṭāṁ paripālya bhūmiṁ nr̥pā nr̥gādyās tridivaṁ prapannāḥ


Translation

There is no better gift than the gift of earth and the preservation is better than the gift. By protecting the very well-granted earth all the kings starting with Nr̥ga have reached the triple heaven.

Sircar's notes

3. CII, Vol. III, p. 115. text lines 22-23.

best st0032

Anuṣṭubh

brahma-svaṁ praṇayād bhuktvā dahaty ā-saptamaṁ kulam vikrameṇa yo bhokṣyate daśa pūrvān daśāvarān


Translation

The man who enjoys the property of a Brahmin through (a breach of ) trust, he burns his family to the seventh generation and the man who enjoy it by force, (burns) ten ancestors and ten descendants !

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 102 text lines 33-34. Ibid Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 52 has it as : Brahma-svaṁ dur-anujñātaṁ bhuktaṁ hanti tripuruṣam | prasahya tu balād bhuktaṁ daśa pūrvān daśāparān || while the second half is given in Ind. Ant., Vol. XV, p. 176, text lines 48-49 as : tad eva cauryarūpeṇa dahatyā-candra-tārakam. For variations, see Ep. Carn. Vol. X‚ Mulbagal No. 157.

best st0033

Anuṣṭubh

brahma-sva-paripuṣṭāni vāhanāni balāni ca yuddha-kāle viśīryante saikatāḥ setavo yathā


Translation

The Vehicles and forces maintained with the wealth misappropriated from the brahmins break down at the time of battle like bunds made of sand.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. III. Sr. 12.

best st0034

Anuṣṭubh

brahma-sve mā matiṁ kuryāḥ prāṇaiḥ kaṇṭha-gatair api agni-dagdhāṁ rohanti brahma-dagdhaṁ na rohati


Translation

Don’t think about the property of a brahmin, even if his vital breath is gone to his throat ! All the things burnt by fire grow up (again) but one thing burnt by a brahmin never grows again!

Sircar's notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIX, p. 310, text lines 30-32. The first half of the stanza is found in the Br̥hāspatisaṁhitā, verse 45 (with ratiṁ for matiṁ).

See the verse IX, lines 30-32 of Sātārā plates of Viṣṇuvardhana I.


best st0035

Anuṣṭubh

calā lakṣmīś calāḥ prāṇāś calaṁ jīvita-yauvanam calācale hi saṁsāre dharma eko hi niścalaḥ


Translation

Unsteady is the Whealth, as well as are the breaths and the youth of the life; indeed within the moving to and from saṁsāra the only firm thing is dharma.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 194, text lines 17-18.

best st0036

Vaṁśastha

calā vibhūtiḥ kṣaṇa-bhaṅgi yauvanaṁ kr̥tānta-dantāntara-varti jīvitam tathāpy avajñā para-loka-sādhane nr̥ṇām aho vismayakāri ceṣṭitam


Translation

Prosperity is unsteady, youth is shattered in an instant, life is a step away from death, yet this counts for little when it comes to achievement in the next world. Alas! that which works miracles for men requires effort!

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 7o, text lines 9-11.

best st0037

Anuṣṭubh

candrārkau ca tathā bhūmir nabhas tāpanam anilaḥ tārakāś cānalaś caiva dharmarājas tathaiva ca


Translation

Thus, the Moon and the Sun, the Earth, the enligthening Sky, the Wind, the Stars as well the Fire, along with the king of dharma (Yama),

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Tisraḥ sandhyā , etc. See No. 38.
Sircar's notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121. See above No. 2.

best st0038

Anuṣṭubh

tisraḥ sandhyās trayo vedās trayo devās trayo 'gnayaḥ aho rātraṁ ca dānasya ete vai sākṣiṇaḥ smr̥tāḥ


Translation

the three twilights, the three Vedas, the triad Gods, the three fires, ah ! during the night, all of these are known as the witnesses of the gift!

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Tisraḥ sandhyā , etc. See No. 38.
Sircar's notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121. See above No. 2.

best st0039

Vasantatilakā

dānād viśiṣṭaṁ paripālanajaṁ purāṇā dharmeṣu niścita-dhiyaḥ pravadanti dharmam | tasmād dvijāya suviśuddha-kula-śrutāya dattāṁ bhuvaṁ bhavatu vo matir eṣā goptum


Translation

The purāṇas whose wisdom is undoubtful, tell that what is born from the protection is really superior to the gift, it is the best dharmic act among the dharmic ones! Hence, may that the earth be given to a twice born knowing the śruti and born in a very pious lineage and may your unique thought be to protect it !

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, p. 173, text lines 12-14.

this verse is found in Kauvatal Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1, lines 2v1-2v4; in Sāraṅgarh Plates of Sudevarāja (incomplete), verse 1; in Ṭhākurdīya Plates of Pravararāja, Year 3, verse 1; in Malhār Plates of Pravararāja, Year 3, verse 1; in Malhār Plates of Jayarāja, Year 5, verse 1; in Malhār Plates of Jayarāja, Year 9, verse 1; in Sirpur Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1; in Āraṅg Plates of Sudevarāja, Year 7, verse 1;


best st0040

Anuṣṭubh

dāna-pālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugati-durgatī ko nāma svargam utsr̥jya narakaṁ pratipadyate


Translation

Bliss and misfortune are both the fruit of the gift and the protection. What's the point? After having left the sky, one falls again in the hell.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Dānaṁ vā, etc. See No. 40, note. Rakṣā, etc. See No. 40, note.
Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, pp. 221-22, text lines 24-25. We have Rakṣā for Dāna at the beginning in Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 121, line 20; cf. ibid., Vol. XXXIV, p. 114 (where the stanza has been quoted seperately from the Vyāsa-gita group of verses). The second half is sometimes quoted as dānāt svargam avāpnoti pālanād acyutaṁ(śāṅkaram in Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 73) padam and we have madhye for tāvat in the first foot (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVI, p. 351). Sometimes we have Dānaṁ vāpālanaṁ vātra and dānā cchreyo 'nupālanam in the first and second feet (Ep. Carn., Vol. II, Nos., 253, 327; Vol. III, My. Nos. 7, 32). The third foot sometimes reads dānād indratvam āpnoti(Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 104, text lines 103-105).

best st0040 01

Anuṣṭubh

dāna-pālanayos madhye dānāc chreyo 'nupālanam dānāt svargam āpnoti pālanād acyutaṁ padam


Translation

Between gift and preservation, preservation is better than gift : by gift one obtains Heaven but by preservation one never falls again.

Sircar's notes

Sircar 1965: page 182, note 6 mentions this stanza as a variation of best_0040. The bibliographic references given are Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 73; Ep. Carn., Vol. II, Nos., 253, 327; Vol. III, My. Nos. 7, 32;Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 104, text lines 103-105


best st0041

Anuṣṭubh

dātā caivānumantā ca svargasyopari tiṣṭhati hartā hārayitā bhūmeḥ pacyate raurave dhruvam


Translation

He lives very high in the sky, the man who makes a gift as well as the one who authorizes it, He firmly cooks in the Raurava the one who steals a land or the one who contributes to this theft.

Sircar's notes

7. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 127.

best st0042

Anuṣṭubh

dātā daśānugr̥hṇāti yo hared daśa hanti ca Atītānāgatān īha kulāni kulanandana


Translation

Oh! Gladdener of your race! He that makes a gift on this earth blesses (his) ten generations past and future; and he that takes away (that which has been given) destroys ten generations past and future.

Bibliography

Krishna Sastri, H. 1923–1924. “Velvikudi Grant of Netunjadaiyan: The Third Year of Reign.” Epigraphia Indica 17: 291–309.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., vol. XVII, p. 3o3, verse 2I. Sometimes we have : Dātā daś=anugr̥hṇāti daśa hanti tathā kṣipan I pūrva-dattāṁ haran=hhūmiṁ narakāy=opagachcati 11 (Ind. Ant., Vol. XlV, p. 319, text lines 111-12).

best st0042 01

Anuṣṭubh

dātā daśānugr̥hṇāti daśa hanti tathākṣipan pūrva-dattāṁ haran bhūmiṁ narakāyopagacchati


Translation

The man who gives (land) is blessed for ten (generations), the one withdrawing it destroys ten generations. Resuming a land already given drives someone to hells.

Bibliography


best st0043

Indravajrā

dattāni yānīha purā narendrair dānāni dharmārtha-yaśas-karāṇi nirmālya-vānta-pratimāni tāni ko nāma sādhuḥ punar ādadīta


Translation

The gifts which have been here granted by former princes producing virtue, wealth and fame are comparable to the remains of offerings to the gods. What good man could resume them? (translation EI24_12, p.217)

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Yān=īha dāridya°, etc. See No. 43, note. Yān=īha dattāni, etc. See No. 43, note.
Sircar's notes

2. CII, Vol. III, p. 180, text lines 73-74; Ep. Ind., Vol. III. p. 322, text lines 25-26; Vol. XXII, p. 109, text line 63; p. 120, text line 60; etc. Sometimes we have Yān=īha dattāni and dharmāya(Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 134), purātanāni for purā narendraiḥ(Ind. Ant., Vol. VII, p. 64), Yān=īha dāridya-bhayān=narendrair° and dānāni (dhanāni in Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 207 text line 12) dharmāyatanī-kr̥itāni, nirbhukta(nirvānta; ibid., Vol. VI, p. 16, text line 19)-mālya-pratimāni tāni(Ep. Ind., Vol. I, p. 88; Vol. XXI, p. 211), etc. For nirmālyavānti, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 323, text line 21; for nirmālyavat=tāni ca mānitāni, cf. Ind. Ant., Vol. VI, p. 56, text line 11, and nirmālya-tulyāni bhavanti tāni, ibid., Vol. XVII, p. 122, text line 49. The stanza is found in the Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 36, with Yān=īha dattāni punar=dhanāni in the first foot and audāryato vipra-niveditāni in the third.

This verse can be read with slight variations in Peddāpurappāḍu plates (set 2) of Viṣṇuvardhana II (verse IV, lines 23-24).


best st0044

Anuṣṭubh

deva-dravya-vināśena brahma–sva–haraṇena ca tad dhanaṁ kula–nāśāya bhaved ātma–vadhāya ca


Translation

If the property of divinity is destroyed and if the property of Brahmins is stolen, this property will cause the ruin of the family and the destruction of the soul.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Belur No. 58.

best st0045

Anuṣṭubh

deva-dravyopabhoktā ca deva-kārya-vighātakaḥ devatā-nindakaś caiva aputraś copajāyate


Translation

Whoever takes advantage of the divinity's goods, whoever interferes in ritual activities or whoever blasphemes, will be reborn without a son.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Deva-śāsana-loptāro, etc. See No. 45, note. Devasya, etc. See No. 45, note. Vipra-dravy-āpahartāro, etc. See No. 45, note. Vipra-grāme, etc. See No. 45, note. Vipra-grāmeṣu, etc. See No. 45, note. Yaṁ vināśayituṁ, etc. See No. 45, note. Yath-oktaiḥ pañcabhir=ghorair=mahā°, etc. Sec No. 45, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Cam., Vol. V, Hassan No. 115. Sometimes we have Vipra-dravy-āpahartāro deva-dravy-āpahārakāḥ | ............ n=ātra saṁśayaḥ || (ibid., Ghannarayapatna No. 259) or Deva-śāsana-loptāro deva-dravy-āpakāriṇah| pacyante narake rakte janma-janma na saṁśayaḥ|| or Devasya śāsanaṁ ye tu lumpanti pāpa-karmāṇaḥ | patanti narake ghore sa-putra-paśu-bāndhavaiḥ || (ibid., Sb. No. 191). A few similar stanzas are : Vipra-grāmeṣu yaḥ kuryād=anyāyena karaṁ karaiḥ | ........naro bhuṅkte narakān=kalpa-pañcasu|| and Vipra-grāme kar-ādāne yo='numantā sa pāpa-kr̥t | .........brahma-haty-āyutaṁ śatam || (ibid., Channarayapatna No. 259). See also Yaṁ vināśayituṁ, etc., in Vol. XII, Ck. No. 42. Cf. Yath-oktaiḥ pañcabhir=ghorair=mahāpātaka-vahnibhiḥ| nirdagdhā narakaṁ yānti brahmadey-āpahārinah || (R. S. Panchamukhi, Karnatak inscriptions, Vol. II, p. 3)

best st0045 01

yathoktaiḥ pañcabhir ghoraiḥ mahāpātaka-vahnibhiḥ nirdagdhā narakaṁ yānti brahmadeyāpahāriṇaḥ


Translation

Those who steal a gift given to Brahmin (brahmadeya) go to hell and suffer the five terrible fires of the great sins mentioned above.

Bibliography

This stanza is quoted in Akki-Ālūr (Kir̥ukuppuṭūra) Grant of Kr̥ṣṇavarman II, Year 15, lines 18-19.


best st0046

Anuṣṭubh

deva-dvija-gatāṁ bhūmiṁ pūrva-bhuktāṁ hareta yaḥ praṇaṣṭam api kālena tam āhur brahma-ghātakam


Translation

Anyone who steals land once owned and belonging to gods or brahmins, is called a Brahmin murderer even if long dead.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep.Ind., Vol. XIII, p. 173. Sometimes we have gavāṁ for gavāṁ and praṇaṣṭāṁ for pranaṣḷaṁ (R. S. Panchamukhi, Karnatak Inscriptions, Vol. II, p. 102),

best st0047

Anuṣṭubh

deva-svatvaṁ yavāṁśaṁ ca brahma-svatvaṁ tilāṁśakam apekṣayañ ca narakaṁ bhakṣayañ ca kula-kṣayam


Translation

He who desired a single yava (measure of a barley grain) from the god's property or a single tila (measure of a sesame grain) from a Brahmin's property, will go to hell and ruin his lineage.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Tin. No. 37.

best st0048

Anuṣṭubh

deva-svāni harantīha narā naraka-nirbhayāḥ brahma–svāni tu ye mohāt pacyate narake tu te


Translation

Men who steal the properties of gods and Brahmins in this world, without fear of hell, because of their foolishness, burn in hell.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

best st0049

Anuṣṭubh

dharmād vivardhate rājyaṁ dharmāt kīrtiś ca śāśvatī dharmāt tr̥pyanti pitaro dharmāt tuṣyanti devatāḥ


Translation

Through dharma grow kingship, glory and earth; thanks to dharma, the Fathers become satisfied; thanks to dharma, Gods are pleased.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Tasmād=dharmaḥ, etc. See No. 50. Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ, etc. See No. 55, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI. p. 343. verse 43.

best st0050

Anuṣṭubh

tasmād dharmaḥ prayatnena rakṣaṇīyo mahīkṣitā sva–kr̥to 'nya–kr̥to vāpi loka-dvaya-hitaiṣiṇā


Translation

Therefore dharma done by oneself or by another should be protected with effort by the earth-ruler who wishes the two worlds.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Tasmād=dharmaḥ, etc. See No. 50. Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ, etc. See No. 55, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI. p. 343. verse 43.

best st0051

Anuṣṭubh

dharmāt paijavano rājā cirāya bubhuje bhuvam adharmāc caiva nahuṣaḥ pratipede rasātalam


Translation

Thanks to dharma, the king Paijana enjoyed the earth for ever, and on the contrary, because of his adharma, Nahuṣa was precipitated into the underworld

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 344, verses 45-46.

best st0052

Anuṣṭubh

dvijāś ca nāvamantavyās trailokya-miti-hetavaḥ devavat pūjanīyāś ca dāna-mānārcanādibhiḥ


Translation

The twice-born are not contemptible since they are the source of knowledge in the triple world : one should honoured them like a god with gifts, respect and praises etc.

This verse is found in Hira Lal 1927–1928: page 213, lines 34–35 (see also Amoda plates of the Haihaya King Jajalladeva of the (Cedi) year 912).

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 34-35.

best st0053

Anuṣṭubh

Ekaiva bhaginī loke sarveṣām eva bhūbhujām na bhojyā na kara-grāhyā vipra-dattā vasundharā


Translation

The land given to brahmin (vipra) should not be enjoyed nor taken for taxes ; it is in this world the unique prosperous thing for all the kings.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XVI, p. 351, text lines 78-80; p. 318. Sometimes we have bhogyā (ibid., p. 253). The same stanza occurs in the Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 39.

best st0054

Anuṣṭubh

Ekaviṁsat–kulasyeva kaṣṭaṁ hi narake sthitam bhūmi-pradāna-mātreṇa tvac evāher vimucyate


Translation

Like a snakeskin, a simple gift of land frees us from a fault that would be worth a stay in hell for twenty-one generations.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, line 33. The same stanza occurs again in lines 27-28 of the same epigraph with ūrdhvaṁ yānti mṣtā divi in the last quarter.

best st0055

Anuṣṭubh

gām ekāṁ svarṇam ekaṁ vā bhūmer apy ardham aṅgulam haran narakam āyāti yāvad—ā-bhūta-saṁplavaM


Translation

The one who steals a single cow, one piece of gold or a half aṅgula of land will stay in hells up to the dissolution of the created things.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

gām ekāṁ ca, etc. See No. 55, note. gām ekāṁ ratnikā°, etc. See No. 55, note. gām ekāṁ svarṇa-raktmi, etc. See No. 55, note. hiraṇyam ekam, etc. See No. 55, note. Kanyām=ekām, etc. See No. 55, note. Suvarṇam=ekaṁ, etc. See No. 55, note.
Sircar's notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 128, verse in. Ep. Carn.,Vol. VI. Kp. No. 53 has Brāhmaṇebhyaḥ pradattāyā° at the beginning. Sometimes we have ca for vā and Hiraṇyam =ekaṁ gām=ekām(Ep. Ind.,Vol. XXVIII, p. 114, text line 28); āpnoti or āyāti (ibid., p. 292); ā-hūta° or ā-bhūti for ā-bhūta° (see, e.g., ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 57, text line 44; Vol. XIX, p. 19, text line 33); also Suvarṇam=ekaṁ gām=ekāṁ (or Gām=ekāṁ ca suvarṇaṁ ca bhūmer=apy =eka°) and haranto hārayanta=cha(or hr̥tvā narakam=āyāti, or haran=naraka-vāsī syāt—Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 212, text lines 56-57) dahaty=ā=saptamaṁ kulam (ibid., Vol.XXXI. pp. 248, 281; or yāvac=candra-divākarau—vogel, Antiquities of Chamba State, I. p. 167). The first half is sometimes given as : Kanyām=ekāṁ gavām=ekām bhūmer=ardhārdham=aṅgulam (Ind. Ant.,Vol. XII, p. 203). Sometimes we have Gām=ekāṁ svarṇa-rakliñ=ca(Ep.lnd.,Vol. XXVIII, p. 67, text line 38) or Gām=ekāṁ ratnikām=ekām (ibid., Vol. XIII, p. 251, text lines 232-33). The stanza is found in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 40 (with rundhan for haran). Caṇḍeśvara's Gr̥hastharatnākara (Bibliotheca Indica, p. 514) assigns it to Yama while Viśvarūpa (Bālakrīḍā, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, on the Yājñavalkyasmr̥ti, III, 252) quotes the second half as : apahr̥tya dvij-āgrebhyo na cirād=vadhyate dhruvam.

best st0056

Anuṣṭubh

gaṇyante pāṁsavo bhūmer gaṇyante vr̥ṣṭi-bindavaḥ na gaṇyate vidhātrāpi dharma-saṁrakṣaṇe phalam


Translation

The specks of dust from earth are countable, so are the raindrops, but the fruits of dharma protection are immeasurable, even for the creator.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97 . Ep. Carn.,Vol. VIII. Tl. No. 5 has dharmasaṁsthāpane.

best st0057

Anuṣṭubh

gāvo bhūmiṁ tathā bhāryāṁ ākramya hara mā naya śrāvayanti hi rājānaṁ brahma-hatyā ca limpati


Translation

After approaching cows, land or a wife, after stealing one of his possessions and not returning it, once discovered, he is tainted with the murder of a Brahmin by the king/he is smeared by the sin of a brahmin's murder

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV. p. 197, lines 31 -32. See Kielhorn 1896–1897: page 197, lines 31–32 (Chikkulla plates of Vikramendravarman).

best st0058

Anuṣṭubh

gayā-godāvarī-gaṅgā -prayāgādiṣu dānataḥ yat phalaṁ tat phalaṁ sarvaṁ bhaved bhūmi-prapālanāt


Translation

The fruit that returns to the giver in sacred places such as Gayā, Godāvarī, the Ganges, Prayāga etc. is identical in every way to the protection of the earth.

Sircar's notes

3. Ind. Ant., Vol. VII, p. 121.

best st0059

Anuṣṭubh

go-hatyā brahma-hatyā ca bāla-hatyā tathaiva ca vipra-hatyārṣi-hatyāva bhañjakas tayā lipyate


Translation

Whoever destroys (this) is endued by this act with the murder of a cow and the murder of a Brahmin, as well as the murder of a child, the murder of a vipra and the murder of a sage.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind.,Vol. XIII, p. 208, text lines 6-8.

best st0060

Anuṣṭubh

gr̥hṇanti yāvataḥ pāṁsūn krandatām aśru-bindavaḥ viprāṇāṁ hata-vr̥ttīnāṁ vadānyānāṁ kuṭumbinām


Translation

For those whose livelihood has been stolen, priests, donors, citizens who lament, as many as grains of dust fall their tears.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Rājāno rāja-kulyāś=ca, etc. See No. 61.
Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p.219, verses 53-54. For slight variations, see Ep. Carn.,Vol. XI, Dg. No. 28.

best st0061

Anuṣṭubh

rājāno rāja-kulyāś ca tāvato 'bdān niraṅkuśāḥ kumbhīpākeṣu pacyante brahma-bhūmyapahārakāḥ


Translation

Kings, nobles of the court, as well as those without means, those who have seized the land of a Brahmin will burn in the Kumbhīpāka for as many years (as the number of tears shed).

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Rājāno rāja-kulyāś=ca, etc. See No. 61.
Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p.219, verses 53-54. For slight variations, see Ep. Carn.,Vol. XI, Dg. No. 28.

best st0062

Śālinī

haṁsair yutaṁ yānam āruhya divyaṁ bhūmer-dātā yāti lokaṁ surāṇām tapte kumbhe prajvalat-taila-pūrṇe tasyā hartā pācyate kāla-dūtaiḥ


Translation

Riding in a divine chariot pulled by swans, the earth giver travels to the world of the gods, while the one who seizes it is cooked by the messengers of Kāla in a heated jar full of boiling oil.

Sircar's notes

6. Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 179.

best st0063

Anuṣṭubh

harasya prīṇanārthaṁ tu śiva-bhaktāya dīyate dānaṁ tad vimalaṁ proktaṁ kevalaṁ mokṣa-dāyinam


Translation

Let this be given for Hara's satisfying thanks to Śiva's devotee; this pure gift is the only one that brings liberation.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Yatra yogīśvaraḥ, etc. See No. 63, note.
Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII. Tl. Nos. 6, 46, 47. This stanza is usually preceded by the verse : Yatra yogīśvaraḥ kuryāc=Chiva-liṅg-ārcanaṁ sakr̥t| vasanti tatra tirthāni sarvāṇi satataṁ (or saptakaṁ) Guha ||

best st0064

Anuṣṭubh

harate hārayed yas tu manda-buddhis tamo-vr̥taḥ sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais tiryag-yoniṁ ca gacchati


Translation

The foolish man who seizes or makes [a land] seized, covered by obscurity and bound by Vāruṇa’s noose, he will be born again in an animal womb.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Hareta, etc. See No. 64, note. Hartā hārayitā bhūmeḥ, etc. See No. 64, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., vol. III, p. 343, text lines 32-33; pp. 348-49, text lines 26-27; p. 353, text lines 49-50; ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 50. often we have hārayante or hāryate for hārāyed°, bhūmiṁ for yas=tu, subaddho for sa baddho and yoniṣu for yoniṁ ca. The first foot is sometimes read as Hartā hārayitā bhūmeḥ(Ind. Ant., vol. XIV., p. 255, text lines 30-31). For Hareta at the beginning of the first, and sa-vaṁśo at that of the second half, see Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 56. The Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 37) has the stanza with hārayed°, sa vadhyo and °yonisu. Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 75.

best st0065

Anuṣṭubh

hartā devasya yo bhūmiṁ brāhmaṇa-guror api yaḥ sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā sa yāti narakaṁ naraḥ


Translation

A man who steals land offered to a god, or even to a Brahmin or a guru, whether it is given by him or another, goes to hell.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

best st0066

Anuṣṭubh

hinasti viṣam attāraṁ vahnir adbhiḥ praśāmyati kulaṁ samūlaṁ dahati brahmasvāraṇi-pāvakaḥ


Translation

Poison kills the person who ingests it; fire is extinguished by water; the man whose fire is produced by wood from a Brahmin's property burns his entire family.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Vanaṁ, etc. See No. 66, note.
Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 51. The first half is given sometimes as : Vanaṁ vana-caro vahnir=dahan=mūlāni rakṣati (cf. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII. Tl. Nos. 130 and 133).

best st0067

Anuṣṭubh

hiraṇya-maṇi-muktāni vastrāṇy ābharaṇāni ca tēna sarvam idaṁ dattaṁ yena dattā vasundharā


Translation

Gold, gems, pearls, clothes and jewels, all these are given by those who make a land-gift.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII. p. 229, verse 17.

best st0068

Anuṣṭubh

r̥ṇa-hartā bhūmi-hartā hārayitā hi te trayaḥ ete ca narakaṁ yānti yāvad indrāś caturdaśa


Translation

Whoever seizes a debt or land or has them seized, these three go to hell as long as fourteen of the fourtheenth lunations lasts.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 313. The second half is sometimes read as: narakān=na nivartante yāvad=ā-bhūta-saṁplavam (ibid., Vol. XIII, p. 281).

best st0069

Anuṣṭubh

Iha-loka-kr̥taṁ karma tat paratropabhujyate tala-siktasya vr̥kṣasya phalaṁ śākhāsu dr̥śyate


Translation

An act performed in this world is rewarded in the hereafter, just as a fruit can be seen among the branches of a tree whose base has been watered.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep.Ind., Vol. XXXIII. p- 213, verse 9.

best st0070

Anuṣṭubh

Imaṁ dharmaṁ ca ye ghnanti ye ca tat-sahakāriṇaḥ kirāta-mleccha-cāṇḍāla -carmakārātmajās tu te


Translation

Those who destroy this dharma and those who associate themselves with this destruction are the sons of hunters, Mleccha, Cāṇḍāla and tanners.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Carn., Vol. III, TN. No. 63; Sr. No. 64.

best st0071

Puṣpitāgrā

Iti kamala-dalāmbu-bindu-lolāṁ śriyam anucintya manuṣya-jīvitaṁ ca sakalam idam udāhr̥taṁ ca buddhvā na hi puruṣaiḥ para-kīrtayo vilopyāḥ


Translation

Having considered that fortune and human life were as transient as a drop of water on a lotus petal, and having thought that the entire world is an illustration, let the glorious acts made by others not be destroyed by men.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Taḍit-taraṅga-bahulām, etc. See No. 71, note.
Sircar's notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 37-39; p. 349, text lines 32-34; etc. For the third foot, we have occasionally at ṅimala-manobhir=ātmanīnair° (ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 109, text lines 65; p. 186, text line 62; cf. ātma-linai° in Vol. XXXII, p. 134) . The sense of this popular stanza is rarely conveyed in the following verse : Taḍit-taraṅga-bahulāṁ śriyaṁ mat vā ca mantyānām | na dharma-sthitayaḥ sadbhir=yuktā loke vilopitum || (Select Inscriptions, p. 364, text lines 23-24). See also No. 10 above.

best st0072

Anuṣṭubh

jñātvaivaṁ mat-pradatto 'yaṁ bhūmi-dāyo manīṣibhiḥ nocchedyo bhāvi-bhūpālaiḥ sarvair ātma-hitaiṣibhiḥ


Translation

Knowing this, this land donation given by me cannot be destroyed by all the future kings who have knowledge and good intentions for themselves.

This stanza can be read in the Grant from Chinchani of the time of Indra III śaka 848.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 54, text lines 55–56.

best st0073

Anuṣṭubh

kalpa-koṭi-sahasrāṇi kalpa-koṭi-satāni ca nivased brahmaṇo loke dharma-dāyaṁ karoti yaḥ


Translation

Those who donate dharma will reside in the world of Brahma for hundreds and thousands of years.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 70, text lines 21–22.

best st0074

Anuṣṭubh

karmaṇā manasā vācā yaḥ samartho 'py upekṣate sa syāt tadaiva caṇḍālaḥ sarva-karma-bahiṣkr̥taḥ


Translation

Anyone who neglects (this) in deed, thought or word, even with good reason, will be a caṇḍāla forever excluded from all (ritual) acts.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97, text lines 52-53. We have also dharma for karma (Ind. Ant.,Vol. IV, p. 276),

best st0075

Anuṣṭubh

kartuḥ kārayitur hetor anumoditur eva ca karmanāṁ bhāginaḥ pretya bhūyo bhūyas tu tat phalam


Translation

It never ceases to grow, the fruit of the actions of those who make it, those who have it made, those who originate it, and even those who accept it, even after these fortunate people have died.

Sircar 1965: note 4, 187 indicates one source only : an inscription edited in the Epigraphia Carnatica, vol. VIII, Tl n°5, which are referred as copperplates in possession of Chinnabhaṇḍārada Śâma Rao at Tīrthahaḷḷi. It seems that the text suggesting by Sircar 1965 is his emendation since the text of the inscription runs as follows :

Anuṣṭubh

kartuś ca sārather hetor anumoditur eva ca karmanāṁ bhāginaḥ pretya bhūyo bhūyasi tat phalam


Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Tl. No. 5.

best st0076

Anuṣṭubh

khila-bhagnā tu yā bhūmir yā ca bhuktā daśāparā śataṁ yāvat tu yā bhuktā na rājā hartum arhati


Translation

Land that has been totally conquered and land that has been in the possession of ten other people cannot be seized by a king for a hundred years.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIII. p. 213, verse 6.

best st0077

Anuṣṭubh

koṭis tu vājapeyānāṁ lakṣaṁ viśvajitāṁ tathā sahasram aśvamedhānāṁ sva-hastaś caiva tat-samaḥ


Translation

What I have signed is equivalent to ten million vājapeyas, a hundred thousand viśvajit and a thousand aśvamedha..

Sircar's notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 186. The word sva-hasta here seems to mean the donor's signature in approval of a grant.

best st0078

Anuṣṭubh

kr̥śāya kr̥śa-vr̥ttāya vr̥tti-kṣīṇāya sīdate bhūmiṁ vr̥ttikarīṁ dattvā sukhī bhavati kāmadaḥ


Translation

A man who gives a plot of land as a livelihood to a miserable, to someone become poor, to someone emaciated by his way of life, to someone who is dying, by this conduct, he becomes happy and obtains all his desires.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Santarpayati dātāram, etc. See No. 78, note.
Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, pp. 65-66, text lines 31-32 . Sometimes we have bhr̥tyāya for vr̥ttāya and chatrī for sukhī and the following half verse preceding the stanza : Santarpayati dātāram bhūmeḥ prabhavatāṁ vara (ibid., Vol. XXV, pp. 218-19). The stanza is found in the Mahābhārata. XIII, 62, 29 (with mriyamāṇāya vr̥tti-glānāya for kr̥śa-vr̥ttāya vr̥tti-kṣīnāya and sattrī bhavati mānavaḥ, for which Hemādri has kliśyamānāya c=ātyarthaṁ vr̥tti-glānāya), Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII. 59, 11.

The source quoted by Sircar 1965: note 7, 187 is the Kalaikuri-Sultanpur Plate of the Time of Kumāragupta I (see also Sanyal 1955–1956).

A variation of this verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.26 (GRETIL)

Anuṣṭubh

kr̥śāya mriyamāṇāya vṛttimlānāya sīdate bhūmiṁ vr̥ttikarīṁ dattvā satrī bhavati mānavaḥ



best st0079

kṣitir iyaṁ kulaṭeva bahu-priyā hata-śarīram idaṁ ca vinaśvaram sukr̥tam adya na cet kriyate dhruvaṁ vipadi dhakṣyati vo 'nusayānalaḥ


Translation

This land is dear to many people, like an adulterous wife; this injured body is perishable; if the good deed is not firmly done now, the fire of regret will burn you in misfortune.

Sircar's notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 156, text lines 30-33.

best st0080

Anuṣṭubh

kṣudra-paśvanr̥te pañca daśa hanti gav-ānr̥te śatam aśvānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ puruṣānr̥te


Translation

A man lying about a small animal kills five (of them), one lying about a cow kills ten, one lying about a horse kills hundred, one lying about a man kills one thousand.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti, etc. See Nos. 80-81, note. Śāstreṣu, etc. See No. 15, note. Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti, etc. Sec Nos. 80-81, note. hanti jātān=ajatāṁś=ca, etc. See No. 81.

A variation of this verse can be read in the Pañcatantra III.108.

Sircar's notes

1. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1910, paragraphs 47-50. The second stanza is sometimes found as : Hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca bhūmy=arthe yo='nr̥taṁ vadet | sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais=tiryag=yonyāṁ tu jāyate ||(Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 33-34). Cf. Mahābhārata, Udyoga-parvan, Calcutta ed., Chapter 35, verses 33-34; Kumbakonam ed., Chapter 35, verses 44-45, where the first foot of the first stanza and the second foot of the second read respectively as Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti and hirany=ārthe='nr̥taṁ vadan, while the second stanza ends with vadeḥ instead of vadet. For the first verse, cf. Rāmāyaṇa, IV, 34. 9: Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ tu gav-ānr̥te |ātmānaṁ svajanaṁ hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣ-ānr̥te || See also Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 43 ff. : Pañca kany-ānr̥te hanti daśa hanti gav-ānrte | śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ puruṣ-ānr̥ite || hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca hirany-ārthe='nr̥taṁ vadet | sarvaṁ bhūmy-anr̥te hanti māsma bhūmy=anr̥taṁ vadīḥ|| Sometimes we have janiṣyān for ajātān.

best st0081

Anuṣṭubh

hanti jātān ajātāṁś ca suvarṇasyānr̥te prabhoḥ sarvaṁ bhūmy-anr̥te hanti mā sma bhūmy-anr̥taṁ vadet


Translation

A man lying about the golden lord kills the born and the unborn, one lying about the earth kills everything, so nothing false should be said on earth.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti, etc. See Nos. 80-81, note. Śāstreṣu, etc. See No. 15, note. Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti, etc. Sec Nos. 80-81, note. hanti jātān=ajatāṁś=ca, etc. See No. 81.
Sircar's notes

1. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1910, paragraphs 47-50. The second stanza is sometimes found as : Hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca bhūmy=arthe yo='nr̥taṁ vadet | sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais=tiryag=yonyāṁ tu jāyate ||(Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 213, text lines 33-34) . Cf. Mahābhārata, Udyoga-parvan, Calcutta ed., Chapter 35, verses 33-34; Kumbakonam ed., Chapter 35, verses 44-45, where the first foot of the first stanza and the second foot of the second read respectively as Pañca paśv-anr̥te hanti and hirany=ārthe='nr̥taṁ vadan, while the second stanza ends with vadeḥ instead of vadet. For the first verse, cf. Rāmāyaṇa, IV, 34. 9: Śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ tu gav-ānr̥te |ātmānaṁ svajanaṁ hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣ-ānr̥te || See also Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 43 ff. : Pañca kany-ānr̥te hanti daśa hanti gav-ānrte | śatam=aśv-ānr̥te hanti sahasraṁ puruṣ-ānr̥ite || hanti jātān=ajātāṁś=ca hirany-ārthe='nr̥taṁ vadet | sarvaṁ bhūmy-anr̥te hanti māsma bhūmy=anr̥taṁ vadīḥ|| Sometimes we have janiṣyān for ajātān.

best st0082

Anuṣṭubh

kulāni tārayet kartā sapta sapta ca sapta ca adho 'dhaḥ pātayed dhartā sapta sapta ca sapta ca


Translation

He who gives a gift will save seven generations and seven again and seven again; he who will steal it, will cause seven to fall deeper and deeper and seven again and seven again.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Ek–āhany=api, etc. See No. 82, note.
Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97, text lines 50–51. Similar style is noticed in the stanza: Ek-āhany=apiKauntya bhūmistham=udakaṁ kuru | tāraya purvakulāni sapta sapta ca sapta ca || (A.R. Ep., 1946-47, No. B 205).

best st0083

Anuṣṭubh

lobhād gr̥hṇāti mandātmā yaḥ pumān pāpa-mohitaḥ narake pacyate ghore sa hi kalpān anekaśaḥ


Translation

The man lost by sin, with his intoxicated soul, who steals men out of greed, will roast in the dreadful hell for countless kalpas.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 75.

best st0084

Anuṣṭubh

loha-cūrṇāśma-cūrṇaṁ ca viṣaṁ ca jarayen naraḥ brahma-svaṁ triṣu lokeṣu kaḥ pumāñ jarayiṣyati


Translation

Men can survive a poison made of copper or stone, but in the three worlds no one can survive [a steal of] a brahmin property.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 325, line 37. The second half has been given in Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Tp. No. 18 as : deva-svaṁ triṣu lokeṣu na jīrṇam=iti viśrutam.

best st0085

Anuṣṭubh

mā bhūd a-phala-śaṅkā vaḥ para-datteti pārthivāḥ sva-dānāt phalam ānantyam para-dattānupālane


Translation

Have no doubt about the fruit of what is given by another, o sons of Pr̥thu, the fruit is eternal both for him who gives in person and for him who protects what is given by another.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 25-26; p. 348, text lines 18–20; p. 353, text lines 44-45. Sometimes mā bhūta°, para-dān-ānu° and °pālanam, te para-datt=eti parthiva and sva-dattād—adhikaṁ puṇyaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 257, text line 150). etc. The second half sometimes reads as : sva-dānāt=para-dānasya tasmāc=chreyo='nupālanam (ibid., Vol. XXXIV. p. 49, text lines 16-18) .

best st0086

Anuṣṭubh

mad-dāna-phala-siddhy-arthaṁ tad-rakṣā-phala-siddhaye mad-dharmaḥ paripālyo 'yaṁ bhūpair ā-candra-tārakam


Translation

For the success of the fruits of my gift and for the benefit of the fruits of its protection, this dharma that I am carrying out must be protected by the kings as long as the moon and stars last.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 311, text lines 10-11; p. 257. This stanza is generally found in the grants of the Imperial Gaṅgas of orissa. Sometimes we have bhūmeḥ for bhūpaiḥ.

best st0087

Anuṣṭubh

mad-dattaṁ sad-dvijātibhyo pāti ya iha daivikam mac-chiro-mukuṭa-nyastaṁ tasya rājñaḥ pada-dvayam


Translation

The king who protects the gift I have given to the virtuous twice-born, I pay him homage by laying my crown at his divine feet.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, p. 191. See Nos. 89 and 90.

best st0088

madhu-kaiṭabha-dānavendra-medaḥ -plava-visrā-miśram eva medinīyam adhivāsya yadi svakair yaśobhiś ciram enām upabhuñjate narendrāḥ


Translation

This earth is a prey to be enjoyed, but one that still stinks with the overflowing fat of the two demons, Madhu and Kaitaba. Kings can profit from this earth for a long time only if they parfume it with their own glory. (Törzsök, J. 2006. Rāma beyond price by Murāri. Clay Sanskrit Library )

Sircar's notes

2. Mys. Arch. Rep., 1912, paragraph 108. The stanza is quoted from Murāri's Anargharāghava as already indicated above.

best st0089

Vasantatilakā

mad-vaṁśajāḥ para-mahīpati-vaṁśajā vā pāpād apeta-manaso bhuvi bhāvi-bhūpāḥ ye pālayanti mama dharmam imaṁ samastaṁ teṣāṁ mayā viracito 'ñjalir eṣa mūrdhni


Translation

To the future kings on earth born in my lineage or born from another royal lineage, whose minds are deprived of sin and who protect this entire dharma of mine, I offer my respectful reverence.

Sircar's notes

3 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 312, text lines 17-18 . A modified form of the last three feet of the stanza reads : ye bhūmipāḥ satatam=ujjvaladharma-cittāḥ| mad-dharmam=eva paripālanam=ācaranti tat-pādukā-dvayam=ahaṁ śirasā vahāmi(ibid., vol. XVI, p. 96, text lines 41-44) . The second half is sometimes also given as : mad-dharmam=eva satataṁ paripālayanti tat-pāda-padma-yugalaṁ śirasā namāmi (or vahāmi). Cf. Ep. Carn., Vol. III, Mysore Nos. 1–3, 34, etc. The stanza is also found as : Mad-vaṁśajā v=ānya-kul-odbhavā vā rakṣanti ye dharmam—imaṁ nr̥ipālāḥ | teṣāṁ tu nityaṁ sa Harir=dadātu santāna-vr̥ddhiṁ bhuvan-ādhipatyam || (ibid., Vol. III, Sr. Vol. XVI, p. 256; Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 299, text lines 40-42 ; Vol. XX, p. 134, text line 19 ; Vol. XXI, p. 25, text lines 39-40 . See Nos. 87 and 90.
best 0089 01

Vasantatilakā

mad-vaṁśajāḥ para-mahīpati-vaṁśajā vā ye bhūmipās satatam ujjvala-dharma-cittāḥ mad-dharmam eva satataṁ paripālayanti tat-pāda-padma-yugalaṁ śirasā namāmi


Translation

To the kings on earth born in my lineage or born from another royal lineage, whose hearts are eternally consumed with love for the dharma, who always protect my dharma, I offer my respectful reverence.

See Viswanatha 1921–1922

Sircar's notes



best st0090

Anuṣṭubh

mad-vaṁśe para-vaṁśe vā yaḥ kaścin nr̥patir bhavet tasyāhaṁ kara-lagnaḥ syāṁ yo mat-kīrtir lumpati


Translation

Whatever king born in my lineage or in another lineage, if he destroys my glory, let me be tied to his hand/beneficiary of his royal tax.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

mama vaṁśe, etc. Sec No. 90, note. mayi rājñi vyatikrānte, etc. See No. 90, note. para-dattāṁ sva-dattāṁ‚ etc. See No. 90, note. Asmin=vaṁśe, etc. See No. 90, note.
Sircar's notes

4 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII. text line 18. Cf. mama dharmaṁ na lumpati or na lopyaṁ mama śāsanaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 194, text line 23) and Asmin=vaṁśe kṣaya-ksīṇe yo='nyo rājā bhaviṣyati | tasy=āhaṁ pāda-lagno='smi mayā dattaṁ na lopayet || (ibid., Vol. XXVIII. p. 283, text lines 36-37; for Mama for Asmin and kara for pāda, cf. ibid., Vol. XXII, p. 194), For Mayi rājñi vyatikrānte in the first foot and śāsanaṁ na vyatikramet in the last, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 155. The Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 41, has it as : Asmin=vaṁśe kṣitau ko='pi rājā yadi bhaviṣyati | tasy=āhaṁ karalagno='smi mad-dattaṁ yad ipālyate || See Nos. 87 and 89.

best st0091

Anuṣṭubh

mahatām api pāpānāṁ dr̥ṣṭā śāstreṣu niṣkr̥tiḥ brahmadeyāpahartr̥nāṁ na dr̥iṣṭā niṣkr̥tiḥ kvacit


Translation

Even for the greatest sins, there is forgiveness in the treatises, but for those who have stolen a gift made to the Brahmins, there is no forgiveness.

Sircar's notes

5 Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 320, text line 13.

best st0092

Anuṣṭubh

mā pārthiva kadācit tvaṁ brahma-svaṁ manasā api Āneṣa dharma-bhaiṣajyam etad dhalāhalaṁ viṣam


Translation

You must never, o Pārthiva, ever covet a land-gift offered to a Brahmin, even in thought, as this would be a poison similar to venom whose remedy is dharma.

Sircar's notes

6 Ep. Ind., vol. XI, p. 101, text line 32 ; Vol. XII, p. 328, text lines 48-50 ; Vol. XX, p. 104, text lines 48-49 .

best st0093

Anuṣṭubh

mr̥tyor hi kiṅkarā daṇḍā hy agni-pātā sudāruṇāḥ ghorāś ca vāruṇāḥ pāśā nopasarpanti bhūmidam


Translation

Indeed, Death's servants and their sticks, the frightful falls into the fire and Vāruṇa's terrifying laces don't come near the earth giver.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 42. Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 27 : mr̥tyor vai kiṅkaro daṇdas=tamo vahniḥ sudāruṇaḥ, etc.Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit.. p. 320) attributes the stanza to the Mahābhārata.

Mahābhārata 13,061.024 (from GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

mṛtyor vai kiṃkaro daṇḍas tāpo vahneḥ sudāruṇaḥ ghorāś ca vāruṇāḥ pāśā nopasarpanti bhūmidam



best st0094

Anuṣṭubh

na dadāti pratiśrutaṁ dattaṁ vāharet tu yaḥ tau ca dvau vāruṇaiḥ pāśais tapyete mr̥tyu-śāsanāt


Translation

The one who does not give what has been promised or the one who steals what has been given, both are tormented by Vāruṇa's nooses on Mr̥tyu's orders.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 113-14.

The variation of this verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.72 (GRETIL)

Anuṣṭubh

na dadāti pratiśrutya dattvā vā harate tu yaḥ sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśais tapyate mṛtyu-śāsanāt


Sircar 1965: note 1, 186 quotes this verse as a variation of the stanza best_st0064.


best st0095

Anuṣṭubh

na hi bhūmi-pradānād vai dānam anyad viśiṣyate na cāpi bhūmi-haraṇāt pāpam anyad vidhīyate


Translation

No gift is greater than the gift of land; nor is there a greater sin enjoined (on man) than (that of) resuming land (already given).

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 303, verse 20.

See Vēḷvikkuṭi Grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3.


best st0096

Anuṣṭubh

nāsti bhūmi-samaṁ dānaṁ nāsti rājñaḥ samo guruḥ nāsti satya-samo dharmo nāsti dāna-samo nidhiḥ


Translation

There is nothing like a gift of land; no master like a king; no dharma like truth; no treasure like a gift.

Sircar's notes

4. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 107-08. Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 320) quotes the stanza with bhūmi° for rājñaḥ and vidhiḥ for nidhiḥ and attributes it to the Mahābhārata.

best st0097

Anuṣṭubh

na tathā saphalā vidyā na tathā saphalaṁ dhanam yathā tu munayaḥ prāhur dānam ekaṁ kalau yuge


Translation

There is no knowledge without reward, no wealth without profit, so the sages say that there is only one gift in Kali Yuga.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Kr̥ta-Tretā-Dvāpareṣu, etc. See No. 97, note.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. II, p. 219. The stanza is sometimes found as : Kr̥taTretā-Dvāpareṣu tapo='tyarthaṁ praśasyate | munayo='tra praśaṁsanti dānam=ekaṁ Kalau yuge|| (ibid., Vol.XXXII, p. 75, text lines 21-22).

best st0098

Anuṣṭubh

na viṣaṁ viṣam ity āhur brahma-svaṁ viṣam ucyate viṣam ekākinaṁ hanti brahma-svaṁ putra-pautrikam


Translation

They said that the poison is not poison, the property of a brahmin is also said to be a poison: the poison kills only one man while the (steal of) a brahmin property kills sons and grandsons !

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Aviṣaṁ viṣam=ity=āhu, etc. See No. 98, note. Brahma-svaṁ putra-pautraghnaṁ, etc. See No. 98, note. Brahma-svaṁ tu viṣam, etc. See No. 98, note. Deva-svaṁ tu viṣaṁ ghoram, etc. See No. 98, note.
Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 167, text lines 35-36. In some cases, the first half reads : Deva-svaṁ hi viṣaṁ ghoraṁ kālakūṭa-sama-prabham (ibid., vol. IV, p. 345). Sometimes we have Brahma-svaṁ tu viṣaṁ ghoraṁ na viṣaṁ viṣam=ucyate | viṣaṁ tv=ekā°(ibid., Vol. XV, p. 252) and deva-svaṁ for brahma-svaṁ or for Na viṣaṁ (ibid., Vol. VI, p. 105) and Aviṣaṁ for Na viṣaṁ (ibid., Vol. VII, p. 324). The stanza occurs in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verses 46-47 (with pautrakam for pautrikam); Vasiṣṭhasmr̥ti, 17, 86; Padma Purāṇa,VI, 33,45. The Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra (I, 11, 16) has the stanza as: Brahma-svaṁ putra-pautra-ghnaṁ viṣam ekākinaṁ haret | na viṣaṁ, etc,

As mentioned by Sircar 1965, a variation of this verse can be read in the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, I.11.16 :

Anuṣṭubh

brahma-svaṁ putra-pautra-ghnaṁ viṣam ekākinaṁ haret na viṣaṁ viṣam ity āhur brahma-svaṁ viṣam ucyate


According to Olivelle 2000: 191, the book one and the first sixteen chapters of the book two belongs to the "proto-Baudhāyana". This author dates the composition of the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra not before the middle of the second century BCE (Olivelle 2000: 10).


best st0099

Upendravajrā

niśamya doṣaṁ haraṇe mahāntaṁ guṇaṁ ca bhūmer anupālane tu dattaṁ narendraiḥ pratipālanīyaṁ śreyo hi dānād anupālanaṁ tu


Translation

Bearing in mind the serious consequences of stealing land and the benefits received for its protection, what has been given by great men must be protected: protection is greater than a gift.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 191, text lines 37-39.

best st0100

Anuṣṭubh

nyāyenopārjitā bhūmir anyāyenāpahāritā haranto hārayantaś ca hiṁsanty ā-saptamaṁ kulam


Translation

Land acquired legally, if it is seized illegally, those who seize it or those who cause it to be seized destroy up to the seventh generation.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Anudakeṣv=araṇyeṣu, etc. See No. 150, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 312, text lines 50-51 .Cf. Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, 35; Padma Purāṇa, VI, 33, 34. See above. No. 13.

best st0101

Anuṣṭubh

pālanāt paramo dharmaḥ pālanāt paramaṁ yaśaḥ pālanāt paramo svargo garīyas tena pālanam


Translation

From protection comes supreme dharma, from protection supreme glory, from protection supreme paradise, so protection is the most important.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 12, text line 25; Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 177. Sometimes we have tapaḥ for yaśaḥ and palayet for pālanam.

best st0102

Anuṣṭubh

pāpaṁ nirmoka-vat tyaktvā saupānād bhūmi-dānataḥ pade pade divaṁ yāti pitr̥ṇāṃ ekaviṁśatiḥ


Translation

After abandoning his sin as one abandons a snake's skin, thanks to the gift of land for the construction of temples, brick by brick he reached heaven for twenty-one generations of ancestors.

There is a typo in the reference given in note by Sircar 1965. The stanza is found in the Baudh grant of Raṇabhañjadeva, the 54th year (see Banerji 1913–1914: № A, page 324, lines 33–34

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 234, lines 33-34.

best st0103

Anuṣṭubh

para-dattāṁ tu yo bhūmim upahiṁset kadācana sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśaiḥ kṣipyate pūya-śoṇite


Translation

Whoever one day destroys the land given by another, bound by Vāruṇa's lace he will be thrown into purulent blood.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Pūrva-dattāṁ tu, etc. See No. 103, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 97. Sometimes we have Pūrva-dattāṁ at the beginning (Ind. Ant., Vol. II, p. 301). The stanza is found in the Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, IV, 164, 33, and, with slight variations, in Govindānanda's Dānakriyākaumudī (Bibliotheca Indica ed., p. 41 ).

A variation (not mentioned by Sircar 1965 can be read in the Mahābhārata 14.96.15*4.1107-1108 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

āśrutya bhūmidānaṃ tu dattvā yo vā haret punaḥ sa baddho vāruṇaiḥ pāśaiḥ kṣipyate pūya-śoṇite


Who would give back a gift of land after having accepted it or would take it back after having given it, bound by Vāruṇa's lace he will be thrown into purulent blood.

This variation is very close to best_st0094.


best st0104

Anuṣṭubh

paratra saṁvalaṁ divyaṁ bhūmi-dānāt paraṁ na hi tasmāt sarvādareṇāpi bhūmi-dānaṁ prapālayet


Translation

There is no better divine provisions for the heaven than the gift of land; so, it must be protected with the greatest respect.

Sircar's notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121, text lines 42-43.

best st0105

Anuṣṭubh

patanty aśrūṇi rudatāṁ dīnānām avasīdatām brāhmaṇānāṁ hate kṣetre hanti traipuruṣaṁ kulam


Translation

The tears of the unfortunate weeping and succumbing fall: when land is taken from Brahmins, it kills a family over three generations.

Sircar's notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 319, text lines 115-16 . For slight variations, see Ep.Ind., Vol. VII, p. 97, text lines 33-34 .

best st0106

Anuṣṭubh

phāla-kr̥ṣṭāṁ mahīṁ dadyāt sa-bīja-śasya-medinim yāvat-sūrya-kr̥tālokas tāvat svarge mahīyate


Translation

He who gives land furrowed by the plough together with seed and abounding with crop, abides in heaven so long as the sun continues to give light to the world. (EI24, p.217)

Sircar's notes

7. Cf. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 328. Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 31 has it with mahīṁ dattvā sa-bījāṁ sa-phalām=api | udīrṇaṁ v=āpi śaraṇaṁ yathā bhavati kāmadaḥ|| while Hemādri (op. cit., p. 480) reads udyānaṁ śaraṇaṁ v=āpi tathā. The stanza also occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 6; Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, Uttara-parvan, Ch. 164, 16; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 6 (with Phālākr̥ṣṭāṁ mahīṁ dattvā sa-bījāṁ śasya-śālinīm | yāvat=sūrya-karā lokā°). Ballāla (Dānasāgara, op. cit., p. 323) quotes the stanza with slight variations and attributes it to Br̥haspati.

A variation of this stanza quoted by Sircar 1965 is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.28 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

hāla-kr̥ṣṭāṁ mahīṁ dattvā sabījāṃ saphalām api udīrṇaṃ vāpi śaraṇaṃ tathā bhavati kāmadaḥ



best st0107

Anuṣṭubh

phalasya kathito dharmaḥ phalān niṣphalāsambhavaḥ bhūmi-hartā phala-cchettā phalān niṣphalatāṁ vrajet


Translation

It is said that dharma is the fruit; from this fruit it is impossible for it to be fruitless; he who seizes a piece of land, taking its fruit, let him obtain fruitlessness from this fruit.

Sircar's notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, lines 34-35.

best st0108

Indravajrā

prajā-hitārthaṁ sthitayaḥ praṇītā dharmeṣu vidvān pratipālayeta yo lobha-mohād dharate durātmā so 'ndho vrajed durgatim āśu kaṣṭām


Translation

The rules have been established for the welfare of the people and the wise should observe them in regard to duties (dharma). The evil-minded one who seizes through greed or foolishness, blind he will immediately go to the bad and suffering hell.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol.XII, p. 214, verse 35.

best st0109

Anuṣṭubh

prāpsyase vipulān bhogān pūrva-dattasya tat phalam punar dadāsi dānād dhi punar bhogī bhaviṣyasi


Translation

You will obtain many riches: this is the result of what was given before; by giving again, you will become richer.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXIII, p. 213, verse 8.

best st0110

Anuṣṭubh

prasr̥tyāsampradānena dattāpaharaṇena ca janma-prabhr̥ti yad dattaṁ tat sarvaṁ niṣphalaṁ bhavet


Translation

The gift made without generosity and the gift made by stealing another gift render sterile all that has been given since birth.

Sircar's notes

3. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 252.

best st0111

Anuṣṭubh

prāyeṇa hi narendrāṇāṁ vidyate na śubhā gatiḥ pūyante te tu satataṁ prayacchanto vasundharām


Translation

We know that generally there is no virtuous path for the best of men, but they always purify themselves by offering land.

Sircar's notes

4. CII, Vol. III, p. 119, text lines 16-17; p. 122, text lines 17-18; p. 128, text lines 24-25. Sometimes we have n='āśubhā (ibid., p. 117).

best st0112

Anuṣṭubh

pr̥thivyā dīyamānāyā yāvanto madhya-reṇavaḥ tāvad varṣa-sahasrāṇi brahma-loke mahīyate


Translation

He will stay in Brahma's world for as many thousands of years as there are grains of dust on the earth he has given.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Carn., Vol. XV, Arkalgud No. 106.

best st0113

Anuṣṭubh

pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraiś caiva dattāṁ bhūmiṁ haret tu yaḥ sa nitya-vyasane magno narake ca vaset punaḥ


Translation

Whoever steals a piece of land given by the elders or by others before them, stuck forever in sin, will dwell again and again in hell.

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. VIII, p. 235, text lines 29-30.

best st0114

Anuṣṭubh

ratnānna-pāna-goṣṭhādyaṁ sarvaṁ bhūmau prajāyate tasmād bhūmi-pradānena naro bhavati sarvadaḥ


Translation

Jewels, food, drink, cattle and so on, everything comes from the earth ; therefore by making a gift of land, a man becomes the giver of all of these.

Sircar's notes

7. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

best st0115

Anuṣṭubh

ṣaḍaśīti-sahasrāṇāṁ yojanānāṁ vasundharā aho puṇyāya kaunteya svargo grāma-pradāyinaḥ


Translation

The earth stretches for eighty-six thousand yojana; oh, for such a good deed, whoever gives a village gets heaven !

Sircar's notes

8. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 201, lines 25-27. Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit, p. 317) reads yojanāni in the first half and dattā svalp=āpi rājendra sarvakāma-pradāyinī in the second and attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati.

best st0116

Anuṣṭubh

sadyo-dānaṁ nirāyāsaṁ sāyāsaṁ dīrgha–pālanam ata Evarṣayaḥ prāhur dānāc chreyo 'nupālanam


Translation

Giving is immediate and effortless, whereas protection is long-term and requires effort; this is why the sages say that protection is superior to giving.

Sircar's notes

9. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 67, text lines 22-23. Sometimes we have tasya for dīrgha in the first half and the second half as: evaṁ tu munayaḥprāhur=dānāt=tat=pālanaṁ varam (Ind. .Ant., Vol. XVII. p. 122, text lines 51-52).

best st0117

Śālinī

sāmānyo 'yaṁ dharma-setur nr̥pāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ sarvān etān bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrān bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmacandraḥ


Translation

Rāmacandra begs repeatedly to all these future kings: "this bridge of dharma which is common to all the kings, you always must protect it!".

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

sāmānyo 'yaṁ dāna-dharmaḥ, etc. See No. 117, note. sarvān=etān, etc. See No. 117, note. sarvān=eva-=āgāminaḥ, etc. See No. 117, note. sarvān=eva prārthayaty=eṣa, etc. See No. 117, note. Bho rājānaḥ, etc. See No. 117, note. Dattvā bhūmiṁ, etc. See No. 117, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 343, text lines 55-57; etc. Sometimes the first half becomes the second and we have Rāmabhadraḥ (or the name of the donor—ibid., Vol. XXVIII,p. 283, text line 35) for Rāmacandraḥ, krameṇa (ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 9, text line 55) for bhavadbhiḥ, and dattvā bhūmiṁ (ibid., Vol. XXXII, p. 76, text line 36) for sarvān—etan. we have also prārthayaty eṣa Rāma(i in the last quarter (ibid., Vol. VI, p. 62, verse 34). In some cases, we have the first half as : Bho rājānaḥ prārthayaty=eṣa Rāmo bhūyo bhūyo prarthanīyā narendrāḥ followed by sāmānyo='yaṁ, etc. (ibid., Vol. XXXI, p. 288, text line 27) or as: Sarvān=eva prārthayaty=eṣa Rāmo bhūyo bhūyo bhāvinaḥ pārthivendrān, and rakṣaṇīyaḥ for pālanīyaḥ in the second half (Ep. Carn., Vol. III, Md. No. 113). For setur=narāṇām, sve sve kāle for kāle kāle, and bhūmi-pālān for pārthivendrān, see Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 178. For Sāmānyo='yaṁ dāna-dharmaḥ, sve sve kāle, see Ind. Ant., Vol. VI, pp. 195, 202. Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Arsikere No. 90, gives etān=adyo for sarvān=tān. In the Kalasan (Java) inscription of Śaka 700, the stanza reads Sarvān=ev=āgāminaḥ pārthivendrān=bhūyo bhūyo yācate rājasiṁhaḥ| sāmānyo='yam dharma-setur=narāṇāṁ, etc. (Chatterjee and Chakravarti, India and Java, p. 46). The Skanda Purāṇa, op cit., verse 40, has it as : Dattvā bhūmiṁ bhāvinaḥ pārthiveśān=bhūyo bhūyo yācate Rāmacandraḥ | sāmānyo='yam dharma-setur=nr̥pāṇāṁ sve sve kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhih || See No. 118.

best st0118

Anuṣṭubh

sāmānyo 'yaṁ dharma-setuḥ sarveṣām iha bhūbhujām yato 'taḥ pālanīyo 'yaṁ kāle kāle mahātmabhiḥ


Translation

This bridge of dharma is common to all the kings on earth, so that it should always be protected by the noble lords.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 186. See No. 117.

best st0119

Anuṣṭubh

śaṅkhaṁ bhadrāsanaṁ chatraṁ varāśvā vara-vāraṇāḥ bhūmi-dānasya puṣpāṇi phalaṁ svargaḥ purandara


Translation

A conch, a throne, an umbrella, the best horses and elephants are the flowers of land-donation, its fruit is the sky, o destroyer of strongholds!

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Siṁhāsanaṁ tathā chatraṁ, etc. See No 119, note. Dhavalāny=ātapatrāṇi, etc. See No. 119, note.
Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII, p. 123, text lines 34-35 . Sometimes we have Siṁhāsanaṁ tathā chatraṁ in the first quarter (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 37), gaj-āśva-varavāhanam in the second foot, cinhāni or puṣyāni (cf. ibid., p. 128, text line 17; Vol. XXII, p. 166, text line 29) in the third foot, and phalaṁ svargas=that=aiva ca in the fourth (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 218, line -21), we have also śaṅkho and phalam=etat (ibid., Vol. X, p. 89). For the first half, sometimes we have : Dhavalāny=ātapatrāṇi dantinaś=ca mad-oddhatāh(or mad-otkaṭāḥ), to which is also added : sudhā-dhautāni harmyāṇi yuvatyo ratna-bhūṣanāḥ, and in the second half dharma-dāyasya and phalam=anyad=bhaviṣyati (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 60, text line 54; Vol. XXXII. p. 70, lines 22-24). For dr̥śyante tāni Bhārata or phalaṁ svargam=anuttamam in the last foot, see Ep. Ind., vol. XIX, p. 73, text lines 35-36; p. 213, text line 30. The stanza occurs in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 15 (with cara-sthāvara-vāruṇāḥ in the second foot and punyāṇi for puṣpāṇi) and the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 15. The Mahābhārata has the first half in XIII, 62, 89 (with vara-vāhanam) and the second half in XIII. 62, 91 (with puṇyāni; Hemādri has dhar-āśvā vara-vāraṇāḥ and puṣpāni—op. cit., pp. 483-84). Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 316) attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati.

A variation of this stanza quoted by Sircar 1965 is found in the Mahābhārata 13.61.86-87 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

śaṅkhaṁ bhadrāsanaṁ chatraṁ varāśvā varavāraṇāḥ bhūmipradānāt puṣpāṇi hiraṇyanicayās tathā


Anuṣṭubh

Ājñā sadāpratihatā jayaśabdo bhavaty atha bhūmi-dānasya puṣpāṇi phalaṁ svargaḥ puraṃdara


A variation of this stanza is found in INSEI19_34


best st0120

Anuṣṭubh

sarvaṁ ca bhūmi-haraṇād dhr̥tam eva na saṁśayaḥ bhumi-hartā vaset tasmān narake kālam akṣayam


Translation

When you seize land, you seize everything, there's no doubt about it; consequently, the thief of land will dwell forever in hell.

Sircar's notes

1. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII. p. 121.

best st0121

Anuṣṭubh

sarveṣām eva dānānām eka-janmānugaṁ phalam | hāṭaka–kṣiti–gauriṇāṁ sapta–janmānugaṁ phalam


Translation

The fruit of all gifts lasts for one lifetime. The fruit of gold, land, and cows lasts for seven lifetimes.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI. pp. 312-13, text lines 47-48. For naika-janmātmakaṁ phalam in the last foot, see ibid., Vol. XXI, p. 145, text line 55. The stanza is found in the Saṁvartasmr̥ti, verse 78, and the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 33. Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit„ p. 317) attributes it to Saṁvarta.

best st0122

Anuṣṭubh

sarveṣāṁ tu pradānānāṁ bhūmi–dānaṁ praśasyate kalpa–koṭi-gataṁ pāpaṁ sañcitaṁ jayate naraḥ


Translation

Among all the gifts, the gift of land is extolled: a man overcomes sins accumulated over ten millions of kalpas.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 324, text lines 32.

best st0123

Anuṣṭubh

saṣṭiṁ varṣa–sahasrāṇi svarge modati bhūmidaḥ Ācchettā cānumantā ca tāny eva narake vaset


Translation

Whoever gives land will rejoice in heaven for sixty thousand years, but whoever challenges [a gift] or approves [the challenge] will spend the same length of time in hell.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

A-saṅkheyāni varṣāṇi, etc. See No. 123, note.
Sircar's notes

4. CII, Vol. III, pp. 96,104, 238, 247, etc. often we have Ṣaṣṭir=varṣa° or Ṣaṣṭir=varṣa°. Sometimes modati is found replaced by nandati (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 16, text line 12) or tiṣṭhati(CII, Vol. III. pp. 167, 180) or vasati (ibid., p. 194.), and ācchettā by ākṣeptā (ibid., pp. 108, 137, 296). The first quarter is sometimes found as Kalpa-koṭi-sahasrāṇi(Ind. Ant., Vol. XX, p. 417, text line 48), the second quarter as modate divi bhūmidaḥ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 333, verse 3), and the first half as : A-saṅkhyeyāni varṣāni svarge modanti bhūṁidāh(Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIV, p. 303, text line 29). We also have saṣṭiṁ varṣa-śatāni ca for the second quarter and gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena bhūmi-hartā na śudhyati in the second half (ibid., Vol. IX, p. 6‚ text lines 26-27). The second half is sometimes given as kṣiti-pātrānna-hartā tad=dvitayaṁ narakaṁ vrajet (Ind. Ant., Vol. V, p. 56). For yāvad=ā-bhūta-samplavam in the fourth foot, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XVIII. p. 299, text lines 34-35. The stanza occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 29-30 (with ṣaṣṭi°, tiṣṭhati and āhartā); SkandaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 26 (with vasati and narakaṁ vrajet) ; Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 29 (with v=ānumantā ca tam=eva and the omission of the first half) ; Viṣnudharmottara quoted by Hemādri, op. cit., p. 486, and by Aparārka, op. cit., p. 369. It is attributed to the KūrmaPurāṇa in Divākara’s Dānacandrikā and to Br̥haspati in Nīlakaṇṭha's Dānamayūkha(IHQ, Vol. VI, p. 776).

best st0124

Anuṣṭubh

śatam indu-kṣaye dānaṁ sahasraṁ tu dina-kṣaye viṣuve śata-sāhasraṁ vyatīpāteṣv anantakam


Translation

The gift is [worth] a hundred if it is performed at the new moon, a thousand at the nightfall, a hundred thousand at the equinox and an infinite number during eclipses.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep.Ind Vol. XXXII, p. 70, text lines 12-13. This is Laghu-Śātātapasmr̥ti, verse 150. Hemādri assigns it to Yājñavalkya (op. cit., p. 75).

best st0125

Anuṣṭubh

śatruṇāpi kr̥to dharmaḥ pālanīyo mahīpate śatrur eva hi śatruḥ syād dharmaḥ śatrur na kasyacit


Translation

Dharma is performed even by enemies and must be protected, O king. For while the enemy remains an enemy, the dharma has no enemy.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII. p. 312, text line 16; p. 258 (manīṣibhiḥ for mahīpate).

best st0126

Anuṣṭubh

satyaṁ yajña-hutaṁ caiva yat kiñcid dharma-sañcayaḥ ardhāṅgulena sīmāyā haraṇena praṇaśyati


Translation

Whatever the accumulation of dharma, the oblation poured out in sacrifice or the word of truth, all this is destroyed by the seizure of a boundary (sīmā) by even half of an inch.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

satyaṁ c=aiva, etc. See No. 126, note. sapta-janm-āntareṇ=aiva, etc. See No. 126, note. Iṣṭaṁ dattaṁ, etc. See No. 126, note.
Sircar's notes

2. See, e. g., Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIX, p. 193, text lines 32-33; Vol. XXVIII, p. 283, lines 29-30. The first half is sometimes found as : Sapta-janm-āntareṇ=aiva yat=puṇyaṁ pūrva-sañcitam (ibid., Vol. XIX, p. 73, text lines 36-37), or Iṣṭaṁ dattaṁ hutaṁ c=aiva yat=kiñcid dharma=sañcitam (ibid., Vol. XXII. pp. 166-67, text lines 34-35), or Satyaṁ c=aiva hutaṁ c=aiva (ibid., Vol. XIII, pp. 312-13). For yaḥ kaścid=dharma-sañcayaḥ in the second foot, see Ind. Ant., Vol. XVII, p. 122, text lines 57-58. The second half of the stanza is found in the Br̥haspatisaṁhitā (verse 41) with ardh-āṅgulasya.

best st0127

Anuṣṭubh

sauvarṇā yatra prāsādā vasor dhārāś ca kāmadāḥ gandharvāpsaraso yatra tatra gacchanti bhūmidāḥ


Translation

The land-givers go where there are golden palaces and wish-fulfilling streams of whealth, in the abode of Apsaras and Gandharvas.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII. p. 123, text line 35 . We have also Prāsādā yatra sauvarṇā° and tiṣṭhati dānadaḥ (ibid., p. 70, text lines 20-21). Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Sl. No. 95 ascribes the authorship of the stanza to Br̥haspati, while Hemādri (op. cit., p. 481) and Ballāla (op. cit., p. 316) assign it to the Mahābhārata (cf. XIII, 62) and the Dāna-Br̥haspati respectively.

This verse can be read without variations in the Mahābhārata 13.61.47*341_01-02 (GRETIL).


best st0128

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattād dvi-guṇaṁ puṇyaṁ para-dattānupālanam para-dattāpahāreṇa sva-dattaṁ niṣphalaṁ bhavet


Translation

Protecting the gift made by others is twice as meritorious as making a gift; one's own gift becomes fruitless by harming the gift made by others.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Kharo dvādaśa, etc. See No 128, note.
Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., vol. XVI. text lines 75-77 ; p. 318 . Sometimes we have adhikaṁ for dvi-gunaṁ (ibid., Vol. XXXI. p. 261, text lines 147 ). This is followed by the stanza : Kharo dvādaśa janmāni aṣṭa janmāni śūkaraḥ|śvā tu saptati-janmāni ity=evaṁ Manur=avravīt || in Ep. Carn, Vol. XII, Gb. No. 34.

best st0129

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā hareta sura-viprayoḥ vr̥ttiṁ sa jāyate vidhrug varṣāṇām ayutāyutam


Translation

Whoever steals land given by himself or by another to a vipra or a god will be born in an injurious condition for millions and millions of years

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol.XXV, p. 219, verse 49. I found this verse with minor variations in the Bhāgavatapurāṇa (11.27.54) :

Anuṣṭubh

yaḥ sva-dattāṁ parair dattāṁ hareta sura-viprayoḥ vr̥ttiṁ sa jāyate viḍbhug varṣāṇām ayutāyutam


Any property profiteer who steals land given by himself or others to a Brahmin or a god will be born in an abusive condition for millions and millions of years.

best st0130

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā pālayanti narāḥ prītāḥ koṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi rudra-loke pratiṣṭhitāḥ


Translation

The men who protect a land given by himself or by another, will stay happy in the world of Rudra during thousand millions of years.

Sircar's notes

6. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII. pp. 257-58.

best st0131

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mahīṁ mahīmatāṁ śreṣṭha dānāc chreyo 'nupālanam


Translation

O Yudhiṣṭhira, you must carefully protect land that has been given by yourself or by others to the brahmins, preservation is even better than giving a land.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

pūrva–dattāṁ dvijātibhyo, etc. See No. 131, note. pūrva–dattāṁ narendraiś=ca, etc. See No. 131, note. Prāg-dattāṁ bhūmiṁ viprebhyo, etc. See 131, note.
Sircar's notes

1. CII, pp. 119, 122, 127, 133, 194, 198, 296. The word mahīmatāṁ is altered in most eases to mahimatām (CII, Vol. III, pp. 96, 104, 108, 115, 137, 167) and sometimes to mahibhr̥tāṁ (Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 313 ), while the first and third feet are sometimes quoted respectively as Pūrva-dattāṁ dvijātibhyo(CII, p. 108) and bhūmiṁ deva-dvijātinam (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI. p. 261, text line 148). Yudhiṣṭhira is sometimes replaced by narādhipa (ibid., Vol. XXII. p. 85, text lines 74-75). Sometimes the first foot reads Prāg-dattāṁ bhūmiṁ viprebhyo and the third reads mahyāṁ mahibhr̥tām śreṣtha(Ep. Ind., Vol. VII. p. 97, text lines 26-27). The first half in some cases reads Pūrva-dattāṁ narendraiś=ca yatnād=rakṣa Śatakrato (ibid., Vol. XI, p. 313). The stanza occurs in the BhaviṣyaPurāṇa, IV, 164, 38 (with rakṣe and mahibhr̥tām).

best st0132 00

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate


Translation

The one who would steal land given by himself or another becomes a worm in excrement and is cooked with his ancestors.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

sarva-sasya–samr̥ddhāṁ, etc. See No. 132, note. Aṅgam=ekam, etc. See No. 132, note.
Sircar's notes

2. CII, Vol. III, pp. 104, 108,137. In some cases, the first foot is found as: Sarva-śasya-samr̥ddhāṁ tu (ibid., pp. 11, 122, 127, 133) and the second foot as : yo hared=vasudhām=iha(Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 114, text line 27). In the second half, sometimes we find śva-viṣṭhāyām (CII, Vol. III, pp. 119, 137) and sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ(JASB, Vol. VI, 1910, p. 436) instead of sa viṣṭhāyāṁ, and majjati or majjate (CII, Vol. III, pp. 108, 119, 137) instead of pacyate, and the last three words also as : pacyate pitr̥bhiḥ saha (Ind. Ant., Vol. XXXIX, 1910, p. 196). Sometimes the first half is given as : Para-dattāṁ sva-dattāṁ vā yo harati nar-ādhemaḥ(Ep. Carn., Vol. VII, Tm. No. 51) and the second half is modified as : ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ (CII, Vol. III, p. 289) or as gavāṁ śata-sahasrasya hantur= harati (or pibati) duṣkr̥tam (ibid., pp. 238, 247; sometimes hantuḥ pibati kilbiṣam in the last quarter,—Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI. p. 80, text lines 43-3 ), or ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi narake pacyate tu saḥ (ibid., Vol. XVI, p. 267 ; cf. bhr̥śam for tu saḥ in Ind. Ant., Vol. VI. p. 26, line 26), or ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi Kumbhīpāke sa pacyate (Ind, Ant., Vol. VI, p. 25, text line 16; or nisaye sa vipacyate—–ibid., p. 30, line 16; or ghore tamasi vartate—Ep. Ind., Vol. XIV, p. 335, verse 90), or tena jātā janayitā narake pātitā dhruvam (Ep.Ind., Vol. XII, p. 203), or śvāna-yoni-śataṁ gatvā Cāṇḍāleṣu=abhijāyate (ibid., Vol. XX, p. 128, text line 21 ), or narakān=na nivartante yāvac=candra-divākarau(Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Sb. No. 477),or sa rūpī kula-saṁyuktaḥ kalpāntaṁ narakaṁ vrajet (ibid., Vol. X, Malur No. 57 ), or na tasya narakād=ghorād=vidyate niṣkr̥tiḥ kvacit (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVII, p. 304, verse 10 ), or kapilā-śata-ghātīnām | enasā pratipadyate (ibid., Vol. XXXIII. p. 213, v.5 ). Fcr brahma-vr̥ttiṁ haret=tu yaḥ(hareta yaḥ—Ind. Ant., Vol. II. p. 159) in the second foot, see Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 178. we have also Aṅgam=ekaṁ padam=ekaṁ in the first foot and divyaṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi jāyate Brahmarākṣaṣaḥ in the second half (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 143, text lines 12-13). For divyaṁ varṣa-sahasraṇi in the third foot, see also Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121. The second half is sometimes given as : ākṣeptā c=ānumantā ca sarvathā narakaṁ vrajet(Ep. Ind., Vol.XVII, p. 337, text line 13). In the Tan Kran (Cambodia) inscription of about the 7th centuryA.D., we have the second half as : Avīci-narake yāti pitr̥bhiḥ saha bandhubhiḥ (R. C. Majumdar, Inscriptions of Kambuja, p. 50). The stanza occurs in the PadmaPurāṇa, op. cit., verses 28-29 (with haret=tu and viṣṭhā-kr̥mi°), BhavisyaPurāṇa, op. cit., verse 34 (with the second half as sa naro narake ghore kliśyaty=ā pralay-āntikam), BrahmaPurāṇa, 115,67 (with ṣaṣṭir=varṣa° and viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 28 (with harec=ca aqḍ sva-viṣṭhayāṁ). In the Viṣṇudharmottara (Hemādri, loc. cit.), the first and second halves occur as the first and second halves of two consecutive stanzas with harec=ca and viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mitāṁ=eti pitr̥bhiḥ sahitas=tathā). Cf. PadmaPurāṇa, III. 24, 10. Aparārka assigns it to the ĀdityaPurāṇa (op. cit., p.370). The stanza is also ascribed to Viśvāmitra in the Dānacandrikā and Dānamayūkha,to Br̥haspati in Govindārianda’s Dānakriyākaumudi and to the Mahābhārata in the Dānakhaṇḍa (IHQ., Vol. VI. p. 777). Gf. Coedés, Inscriptions du Cambodge, Vol. v, p. 76.

This verse is found with several variations in the epigraphical records. Below the standard stanza edited by (numbered here best_132_00), I have listed all the major variations and have numbered them with an extented number. Each of these major variations can present minor variations. Below are the minor variations of the verse 132_00.

The verse 132_00 is found with a regular variation on the pāda c: sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ or śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ instead of sa viṣṭhāyāṁ.

For the sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ variation, see the Ghagrahati Charter of the Time of Samācāradeva, Year 14:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām sva-viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate


For the śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ variation, see the Faridpur Undated Charter of Dharmāditya:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate


One of the main variation of the pāda d is the inverted order of the word (see for example Gaintala plates of Mahābhavagupta Janamejaya year 17, line 25-36), but one can also read synonyms for the verb pacyate like in the Grant n°3: Eleven Land-Grants of the Chalukyas of Aṇhilvād:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharāṁ sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjati


I reproduce below a particular variation mentioned by Sircar 1965 but I was not able to find the text in the bibliographical reference he quotesHe quoted Ep. Carn., Vol. VII, Tm. No. 51.:

Anuṣṭubh

para-dattāṁ sva-dattāṁ vā yo harati narādhamaḥ sa viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate


Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse can be read in the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra, II.2.26 :

Anuṣṭubh

bhojanābhyañjanād dānād yad anyat kurute tilaiḥ śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjati


If a man uses sesame for any purpose other than eating, anointing, and giving as a gift, reborn as a worm, he will plunge into a pile of a dog sheet together with his ancestors. (translation Olivelle 2000: 249)

According to Olivelle 2000: 191, the book one and the first sixteen chapters of the book two belongs to the "proto-Baudhāyana". This author dates the composition of the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra not before the middle of the second century BCE (Olivelle 2000: 10).

The stanza found in the Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra can also be read with minor variations in the Mahābhārata 14.96.15*004_2381-2382:

Anuṣṭubh

bhojanābhyañjanād dānād yo 'nyat tu kurute tilaiḥ kr̥mir bhūtvā śva-viṣṭhāyāṃ pitr̥bhiḥ saha majjati


A variation of this stanza is found in the Mahābhārata 14.96.15*004_1109-1110 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

svadattāṁ paradattāṁ vā yo hareta vasuṃdharām na tasya narakād ghorād vidyate niṣkṛtiḥ kva cit


There is no expiation anywhere [to exit] from the terrible hell for the man who would steal land given by himself or another.

The Hindol Plate of Kulastambha, line 27 (see Sircar 1949–1950) quotes this verse with a minor variation in the pāda b:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hared vasundhām iha śva-viṣṭhāyāṁ kr̥mir bhūtvā pitr̥bhiḥ saha pacyate



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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām gavāṁ śata-sahasrasya hantuḥ pibati kilbiṣam


Translation

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, imbibes the sin (kilbiṣa) of the slayer of a hundred thousand cows.

Sircar's reference : Narasimhaswami 1955–1956 which corresponds to Koṇeki grant of Viṣṇuvardhana II

Occurences found in the DHARMA database:


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām gavāṁ śata-sahasrasya hantur pibati duṣkr̥tam


Translation

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, imbibes the crime (duṣkr̥ta) of the slayer of a hundred thousand cows.

Sircar's reference : CII vol III pp. 238, 247

Occurences found in the DHARMA database:


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ


Translation

He who would seize land, whether given by himself or by another, will be reborn as a worm in n excrement for sixty thousand years.

Sircar's reference : CII, Vol. III, p. 289 + INSTelugu00091 + INSVengiCalukya00054

Occurences found in the DHARMA database :

The verse is quoted in the Chikkulla plates of Vikramendravarman with the following variation in the pāda d:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi narake pacyate dhruvam


The verse is quoted in the Penukonda Plates of Mādhava II (III), verse 3 line 19 (see Rice 1917–1918) and on copper-plates of the Jaina-basti in ruins at Noṇamaṅgala (see Epigraphia Carnatica, volume X, Malur, n°72, DHARMA IS: INSEC10Mr072) with the following variation in the pāda d:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi ghore tamasi vartate


The verse is quoted in the Upalada Plates of Rāṇaka Rāmadeva, lines 13-15 (Chhabra 1935–1936) with the following variation in the pāda d:

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi narakāyā jāyāta kr̥miḥ



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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo nr̥po noddhared dharet jātau jātau sa pibati viṣaṁ hālahalam dhruvam


Translation

The king who does not rescue or sustain what is given by himself or given by another, surely (dhruvam) drinks the poison (named) Hālahala from birth to birth. translation given in DHARMA_INSEIAD00161

Sircar's notes

This variation is not quoted by Sircar 1965, but it is found in one of the earliest records of the Śālaṅkāyana dynasty. This prakrit inscription contains two final stanzas in sanskrit (see Krishna Rao 1955–1956 and Piḍiha grant (Kānukollu plates, set I) — reign of Nandivarman I, year 14 : in this inscription, a space precedes the sanskrit part of the inscription and the two stanzas are introduced by the word bhavati cātra).


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām tena jātā janetā ca narake pātitā dhruvam


Sircar's notes

The verse is quoted in the Hansot Plates of the Chahamana Bhartrivaddha, Samvat 813, lines 28-29 (see Rice 1917–1918).


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām narakān na nivartante yāvac candra-divākaraḥ


Sircar's notes

This variation is quoted in a stone inscription of the Nīlakanṇṭha temple at Hechche, see Epigraphia Carnatica, volume VIII, Sb 477 (DHARMA ID: INSEC08Sb477).


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām na tasya narakāt ghorād vidyate niṣkṛtiḥ kvacit


Translation

To him that robs land given by himself or by others, there is no expiation anywhere except in the dreadful hell.

Sircar's notes

See the Vēḷvikkuṭi Grant, time of Neṭuñcaṭaiyaṉ, year 3.


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām kapilā-śata-ghātīnām enasā pratipadyate


Sircar's notes

The verse is quoted in the Malga plates of Samanta Indraraja, lines 22-23 (see Sircar and Sankaranarayanan 1959–1960


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Anuṣṭubh

Aṅgam ekaṁ padam yo hareta vasundharām divyaṁ varṣa-sahasrāṇi jāyate brahmarākṣasaḥ


Sircar's notes

This verse is quoted in the Upalada Plates of Ranaka Ramadeva, lines 11-13 (Chhabra 1935–1936) and is followed by a variation of best_0132_03.


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattāṁ para-dattāṁ vā yo hareta vasundharām akṣeptā cānumantā ca sarvathā narakaṁ vrajet


Sircar's notes

This variation is quoted in the Ipur plates of Madhavavarman II, line 13 (see Hultzsch 1923–1924).


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Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattā putrikā dhātrī pitr̥-dattā sahodarī anya-dattā sva-mātā ca datta-bhūmiṁ parityajet


Translation

A daughter given by oneself, a nurse, a girl given by her father, a sister born of the same womb, a girl given by another and one's own mother should abandon the land given to them.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

sva-dattā duhitā, etc. See No 133, note. sva-dattā medinī, etc. See No. 133, note. Mad-dattā putrikā jneyā, etc. See No. 133, note.
Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Carn., Vol. I, revised ed., p. 36; Vol. V, Hassan No. 36 (svayaṁmātā dattāṁ). Sometimes we have Sva-dattā duhitā c=aiva para-dattā saho-darī | vipra-dattā svayaṁ mātā na bhojyā ca vasundharā || (ibid., Vol. IV, Yedetore 19). The first three feet are sometimes read as : Mad-dattā putrikā jñeyā pitr̥-dattāsahodarā | anya-dattā tu jananī (Ind. Ant.,Vol., IV,p. 334). The first half is also given as : Sva-dattā medinī putri vipra-dattā sahodarī(Ep. Carn., Vol. V, Hassan No. 40) and the second half as para-dattā para-strī syān=na hartavyā vasundharā (ibid., Vol.X, Govibinur No. 3).

The verse is quoted with slight variations on a stone inscription in the Śaṅkara temple at Sogāne agrahara, see Epigraphia Carnatica, volume VII, Sh 54 (DHARMA ID: INSEC07Sh054).

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattā putrikā dhātrī pitr̥-dattā sahodarī anya-dattā ca mātā tasmād dattām parityajet


Another slight variation can be read in a copper plate belonging to Kûdḷi Śṛiṅgêri matt at Kûdli, see Epigraphia Carnatica, volume VII, Sh 79 (DHARMA ID: INSEC07Sh079)

Anuṣṭubh

sva-dattā putrikā dhātrī pitr̥-dattā sahodarī anya-dattā svayaṁ mātā tasmāt tām pālayet sadā



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Anuṣṭubh

svalpām api mahīṁ yas tu dadāti śraddhayānvitaḥ sa yāti brahma-sadanaṁ yasmān nāvartate punaḥ


Translation

By giving even a small piece of land with faith, one goes to Brahma abode from which there is no return.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Carn., Vol. XII, Si. No. 95 assigning the stanza to Āditya.

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Anuṣṭubh

svaṁ dātuṁ sumahac chakyaṁ duḥkham anyārtha–pālanam dānaṁ vā pālanaṁ veti danāc chreyo 'nupālanam


Translation

It is possible (i.e. easy) to give away what is yours, [even if it is] a great thing; [but] it is hard to preserve the property of another. [When it comes to] the question, “donation or preservation [of previous grants]?”—[the answer is that] preservation is superior to donation.

Bibliography

This stanza is found in Bannahaḷḷi Grant of Kr̥ṣṇavarman II, Year 7, lines 22-23. See Kielhorn 1900–1901: s.v. B, 16–20

Sircar's notes

3. See, e.g., Ep. Ind , Vol. vI. p. 19, text lines 22-23; Ind. Ant., Vol. VI, p. 87, text lines 34-35 (anyasya for anyārtha°). we have also kleśam for duḥkham (Ep. Ind., Vol. XVI. p. 85, verse 92).

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Puṣpitāgrā

sva-sukr̥ta-paripālanāt prabhūṇāṁ para–kr̥ta–pālanaṁ eva lālanīyam harir api kamalāsanasya sr̥ṣṭiṁ satatam avañ jagatām abhūd upāsyaḥ


Translation

The protection of one's own good deeds is to be cherished, as it is the protection of the gods. Even Hari, the creator of the lotus-seated one, was always worshipped by the worlds.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI, p. 4, verse 50.

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Anuṣṭubh

taḍāgānāṁ sahasreṇa vājapeya-śatena ca gavāṁ koṭi-pradānena bhūmi-hartā na śudhyati


Translation

Neither thousands of tank consecrations, neither hundreds of Vājapeya sacrifices, nor millions of cow-gifts could purify a land-thief.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Saṣṭiṁ varṣa°, etc. See No. 137, note. Taṭākānām, etc. See No. 137, note. Vāpī-kūpa°, etc. See No. 137, note. Ārāmāṇāṁ sahasreṇa, etc. See No. 137, note. Aśvamedha-sahasreṇa, etc See No. 137, note.
Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 166, text lines 33-34. For Taṭākānāṁ, cf. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 50, text line 23. we have also sahasrāṇi and śatāṇi and sometimes gosahasra (ibid., Vol. XXVIII, p. 50, text line 23) or aśvamedha (ibid., Vol. XI, pp. 382-83) for vājapeya. The first half is also found as : Ārāmānāṁ sahasreṇa tadāgānāṁ śatena ca (ibid., Vol. XXXII, p. 68, text lines 28), or Ṣaṣtim varṣa-sahasrāṇi ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣa-śatāni ca (ibid., Vol. IX, p. 6, text line 26-27). For Aśvamedha-sahasreṇa in the first foot, see Ind. Ant„ Vol. XVII, p. 122, text lines 58-59. Ep. Carn., Vol. VIII, Sb. No. 391 has kanyā-koṭi-pradādena in the third foot. The verse occurs in the SkandaPurāṇa, op.cit., verse 35 (with aśvamedha for vājapeya and °pradānena bhūmi-hartā viśudhyati); PadmaPurāṇa,VI, 33, 37 (with Vāpi-kūpa-sahasreṇa); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 39 (with Vāpi-kūpa-sahasreṇa aśvamedha°); Parāśarasaṁhitā, XII, 51 (with Vāpī-kūpa-taṭāk-ādyair=vājapeya-śatair=api).

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Śikhariṇī

taḍit-tulyā lakṣmīs tanur api ca dīpānala-samā bhavo duḥkhaikāntaḥ para-kr̥tim akīrtiḥ kṣapayatām yaśāṁsyācandrārkaṁ niyatam avatām atra ca nr̥pāḥ kariṣyante buddhvā yad abhirucitaṁ kiṁ pravacanaiḥ


Translation

Fortune is like lightning, the body is also like a blazing fire, the existence ends with solely misery; for those who destroy the good acts performed by others there is no fame and in this world for those who protect them with effort the glory last as long as the moon and the stars last. Having this in mind, the kings should act as it is prescribed in the scriptures.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. IV, p. 250, lines 59-60.

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Anuṣṭubh

tādr̥k-puṇyaṁ na dadatāṁ jāyate no dharābhujām bhuvam anya-pratiṣṭhāṁ tu yādr̥g bhavati rakṣatām


Translation

No such merit is generated for us kings when we give land, as that which occurs when we protect the foundation of another.

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol.XX, p. 310, text lines 28-29. for grāsa-hartā for bhūmi-hartā, see Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXII. p. 76, text line 46.

See the verse VII, lines 28-29 of Sātārā plates of Viṣṇuvardhana I.


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tapati na tapanaḥ prakharo marud api no vāti śāsane tīvraḥ brahmasva-steya-pātakam atiśaya-bhīmaṁ samālocya


Translation

The very hot sun does not shine nor does the fierce wind blow

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 166, verse 21.

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Anuṣṭubh

tr̥ṇāgra-jala-binduś ca jala-budbuda-sadr̥śam sadr̥śaṁ jīvitaṁ jñātvā kīrti-dharmaṁ na lopayet


Translation

Knowing that life is a water-buble or like a drop of water on the tip of a blade of grass, one should not destroyed one's fame and dharma.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep.Ind., Vol. XII, p. 325, lines 38-40.

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Anuṣṭubh

triṇy āhur ati-dānāni gāvaḥ pr̥thvī sarasvatī ā-saptamaṁ phalanty ete doha-vāha-nivedanaiḥ


Translation

Three gifts are said to be supreme: cows, land and speech. Their fruits last for seven generations through milking, carrying and teaching.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, pp. 312-13, text lines 46-47. The first half is found in the Vasiṣṭhasmr̥ti, 29, 19, and Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 18; cf. PadmaPurāṇa, VI, 33, 18.

Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse can be read in the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra, 29.19 :

Anuṣṭubh

triṇy āhur ati-dānāni gāvaḥ pr̥thvī sarasvatī Atidānaṁ hi dānānāṁ vidyādānaṁ tato 'dhikaM


Three, they say, are super-gifts: cows, land and knowledge. The gift of knowledge is superior to all gifts and surpasses even those super-gifts. (translation Olivelle 2000: 461)

According to Olivelle 2000: 346, the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra represents a transitional phase from the prose Dharmasūtras to the verse Smṛtis. Olivelle (Olivelle 2000: 10) places Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra's composition close to the beginning of the common era or even in the first century CE.


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Anuṣṭubh

vācā dattaṁ mano-dattaṁ dattaṁ pāṇi-kuśodakaiḥ yo haret triṇi dānāni sa ghoraṁ narakaṁ vrajet


Translation

The gift made by speech, the one made by mind and the one made with the hand, the kuśa grass and water, one who steals these three kinds of gift would go to the terrible hell.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Vāk–dattaṁ ca, etc. See No. 143, note.
Sircar's notes

6. Chhabra, Antiquities of Chamba State, II, p. 178. Sometimes we have Vāk-dattaṁ ca mano-dattaṁ mati-dattaṁ na diyate | ṣaṣṭi-varṣa-sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kr̥miḥ||(Ep. Carn., Vol. IV, Hg. No. 98, text lines 31-33). For dhārā-dattaṁ instead of mati-dattaṁ and other variations in the second half, see ibid., Vol. VII. Sh. No. 45.

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Anuṣṭubh

vahniṁ vahni–sutaṁ cāmbu pañca-kr̥tvaḥ prajāyate dattvā sarva-rasāṁ caiva na martyo jāyate punaḥ


Translation

By offering fire, the son of fire and water, he is born five timesThe word pañca-kr̥tvaḥis an emendation made by Hultzsch. , but by offering all the earth rasā, the mortal is not born again.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. I, p. 56, text lines 57-58.

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Anuṣṭubh

vāridas tr̥ptim āpnoti sukham akṣayam annadaḥ tila-pradaḥ prajām iṣṭāṁ dīpadaś ca kurūttama bhūmidaḥ sarvam āpnoti dīrgham āyus tathaiva ca


Translation

The one who gives water obtains satisfaction, the one who gives food an eternal bliss, the one who offers sesame seeds is fulfilled with the wished descendance, like the one who gives a lamp, o best of the Kurus, the one who gives land obtains all including a long life.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 46.

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Vasantatilakā

vātābhra-vibhramam idaṁ vasudhādhipatyam āpāta-mātra-madhuro viṣayopabhogaḥ prāṇās tr̥ṇāgra–jala-bindu–samā narāṇāṁ dharmaḥ sakhā param aho para–loka–yāne


Translation

This sovereignty of the earth totters like the wind and the clouds; the enjoyment of realm is sweet but for an instant; the breath of man is like a drop of water on the tip of a blade of grass. Only religious merit is the friend on the journey to the other world. (translation EI24_12 p.217)

Sircar's notes

2. Ind. Ant., Vol. VI. p. 56; Ep. Ind., Vol.XXVI, p. 56, text lines 13-14. Sometimes we have °madhurā viṣay-opabhogāḥ (ibid., Vol. XXIV, p. 295, text line 34).

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Anuṣṭubh

veda-vāk–smr̥tayo jihvā vadanti r̥ṣi-devatāḥ bhūmi-hartā tathānye ca aho mohena mā hara


Translation

The sages and the gods say sentences composed from the memory of the words of the veda; You, land thieves and others, alas, that you do not steal out of folly !

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 328. Sometimes we have mā hara for mohena (ibid., Vol. XII, p. 325).

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Vasantatilakā

vidyud-vilāsa-taralām avagamya samyag loka-sthitir yaśasi sakta-manobhir uccaiḥ nityaṁ paropakr̥ti-mātra-ratair bhavadbhir dharmābhirādhana-parair anumoditavyā


Translation

Having understood that the the world stability is trembling like a lightning, with Your minds intensely attached to fame, rejoicing only and always in doing good for others, engaged in the propitiation of the dharma, You should approve [of this].

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIX, p. 43, text lines 49-51. Sometimes we have °modaniyā for °moditavyā.

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Anuṣṭubh

vighnatāṁ bhartr̥-go-vipra -bāla-yoṣid-vipaścitām yā gatiḥ sā bhaved bhūmiṁ harataḥ śāsanāṅkitām


Translation

That one who takes away that which has been sanctioned (aṅkita) by (a royal) decree (śāsana) incurs the fate of one who murders his lord, cows, Brahmins, children, women or ascetics.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Toya-hīneṣv=araṇyeṣu, etc. See No. 149, note. Nighnatāṁ, etc. See No. 149, note.
Sircar's notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XVI, p. 134, text lines 17-18. Sometimes we have Nighnatāṁ for Vighnatāṁ.

This verse occurs in Peddāpurappāḍu plates (set 2) of Viṣṇuvardhana II (verse III, lines 22-23).


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Anuṣṭubh

vindhyāṭavīṣv a-toyāsu śuṣka-koṭara-vāsinaḥ kr̥ṣṇāhayo 'bhijāyante pūrva-dāyaṁ haranti ye


Translation

Those who steal ancient gifts are reborn as black serpents dwelling in hollow tress in the dried up forests of the Vindhya mountains.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Vāri-hīneṣv=araṇyeṣu, etc. See No. 150, note. A-pānīyeṣv=araṇyeṣu, etc. See No. 150, note. Bhūṣv=aṭavīṣv=atoyāsu, etc. See No. 150, note. Nirjale prāntare, etc See No. 150, note. Nirjane prāntare, etc. See No. 150, note.
Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 76, text line 63; p. 85. Sometimes we have °śāyinaḥ for°vāsinaḥ (ibid., Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 50), hi jāyante for °bhijāyante (ibid., p. 137) and maru-sarpā hi or kr̥ṣṇasarpā° or mah-āhayo or kr̥ṣṇasarpāḥ prajāyante or kr̥ṣṇasarpāś=ca jāyante or kr̥ṣṇāhayo°(Ep. Ind., Vol. XX, p. 128, text line 22; Vol. XXIV, p. 295, text line 31; Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 50; Vol. XXVIII. p. 311, text line 14; Vol. XXXII, p. 76, text line 43), For the first foot, sometimes we have A-pāniyeṣv=araṇyeṣu(CII, Vol. III, p. 108), Vāri-hineṣv=araṇyeṣu, Anudakeṣv-araṇyeṣu, Nirjane (or Nirjale) prāntare deśe (ibid., Vol. XXIV, p. 295, line 31; Vol. XXVIII, p. 257, text line 152; pp. 311-12, text lines 14-15), Bhūṣv=aṭavīśv=a-toyāsu(CII, Vol. III, p. 180), etc., and, for the fourth foot, deva-brahma-sva-hāriṇaḥ, brahma-bhūmyapahārakāḥ, bhūmi-dāna-harā narāḥ, bhūmi-dānaṁ haranti ye, ye haranti vasundharām (Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIV, p. 295, line 31; Vol. XXV, p. 219, verse 50; Vol. XXVIII, p. 312, text line 15). The stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata as quoted by Hemādri, op. cit., p. 483 (with °sarpās=tu jāyante ye haranti vasundharām); Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, IV, 164, 39 (with Toya-hīneṣu=araṇyeṣu in the first and narā brahma-sva-hāriṇaḥ in the last quarter); Skanda Purāṇa, op. cit., verse 3 (with kr̥ṣṇasarpāḥ prajāyante datta-dāy-āpahārakāḥ).

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Anuṣṭubh

yaḥ kriyāṁ dharma-saṁyutāṁ manasāpy abhinandati vardhate sa yatheṣṭena śukla-pakṣa ivaṁśumān


Translation

The man who, even in mind, approves a deed endowed with dharma, he increases [his own merit] according to which has been given (yaṭheṣṭena) as the moon during the bright fortnight.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXXI, pp. 92-93.

best st0152

Anuṣṭubh

yaḥ svayaṁ kurute dharmaṁ yaś ca pāti kr̥taṁ paraiḥ tayoḥ pālayitā śreṣṭha Iti prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ


Translation

Between the one who himself practises dharma and the one who protects the dharma done by others, the protector is the better of the two. Here is what say the sages.

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. VI. p. 343, verse 44.

best st0153

Vasantatilakā

yair vāñchitaṁ śiśira-dīdhiti-śubhra-kīrter yaiś cāmara-praṇayinī-parirambhanasya te sādhavo na hi haranti pareṇa dattaṁ dānād vadanti paripālanam eva sādhu


Translation

Those wishing a brilliant fame like the moon ray, those desiring the embrace of the beloved insignia of royalty, those good men do not steal what is given by others: they say that protection is indeed better than gift.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 367, lines 20-21.

best st0154

Anuṣṭubh

yajño 'nr̥tena kṣarati tapaḥ kṣarati vismayāt kṣiti-hartaikaviṁśati -kulena narakaṁ vrajet


Translation

Sacrifice is destroyed by untruth (anr̥ta), religious austerity is deprived of doubt, the land thief goes to hell for twenty one generations.

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII, p. 325, line 38.

best st0155

Anuṣṭubh

yathā candramaso vr̥ddhir ahany ahani jāyate tathā bhūmi-kr̥taṁ dānaṁ sasye sasye vivardhate


Translation

As the growth of the moon increases day by day, so a land donation prospers harvest after harvest.

Sircar's notes

5. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 278, lines 47-48. The stanza occurs in the Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 33.

As indicated by Sircar 1965: note 5, 200, this stanza can be read in the Mahābhārata 13.61.30 (GRETIL) without variation. It can also be read with slight variations in the Mahābhārata 13.134.57*015_3329-3330 (GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

yathā candramaso vr̥ddhir ahany ahani dṛśyate tathā bhūmi-kr̥taṁ dānaṁ sasye sasye vivardhate



best st0156

Anuṣṭubh

yathā janitrī puṣṇāti kṣīreṇa sva-sutaṁ nr̥pāḥ Evaṁ sarva-guṇair bhūmir dātāram anupuṣyati


Translation

As a mother makes her son grow by her milk, O kings, so the earth by all its qualities will make its donor prosper.

Variation

This stanza appears with the following modifications here:

Yathā sva-putraṁ, etc. See No. 156.
Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 218, verse 40 . Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 26 : Yathā sva-putraṁ jananī kṣīreṇa bharate sadā| anugr̥hṇāti dātāraṁ tathā sarvarasair=mahī || Ballāla (op. cit., p. 320) quotes the same verse with slight variations and attributes it to the Mahābhārata.


Mahābhārata 13,061.023 (from GRETIL):

Anuṣṭubh

yathā janitrī kṣīreṇa svaputraṃ bharate sadā anugṛhṇāti dātāraṃ tathā sarvarasair mahī


see also 14,096.015d@004_1097

best st0157

Anuṣṭubh

yathā nirohanty uptāni kīrṇāni ca mahītale evaṁ kāmā virohanti bhūmi-dāna-samārjitāḥ


Translation

Just as when seeds are sown and scattered on the ground they grow, in the same way desires grow when land is given as a gift.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIV, p. 303, text lines 26-27. The stanza is found in the Mahābhārata, XIII. 62, 47 (with śasyāni rohanti prakirṇāni and tathā kāmāḥ prarohanti).

The verse is found in the Mahābhārata 13,061.044 (source Gretil):

Anuṣṭubh

yathā bījāni rohanti prakīrṇāni mahī-tale tathā kāmāḥ prarohanti bhūmi-dāna-samārjitāḥ


Just as seeds grow when scattered on the land surface, in the same way esires grow when land is given as a gift.


best st0158

Anuṣṭubh

yathāpsu patitaḥ śakra taila-bindur visarpati evaṁ bhūmi-kr̥taṁ dānaṁ śasye śasye prarohati


Translation

Just as a drop of oil fallen in water spread, o Śakra, in the same way a gift performed on earth grow in every field of merit.

Sircar's notes

1. Ep. Ind., Vol. XII. p. 327, text lines 37–38 . The verse is found in the Mahābhārata, XIII, 62, 84 (with tathā for evaṁ and vivardhate for prarohati); Br̥haspatisaṁhitā, verse 12 (with sadyas° for Śakra and prasarpati for visarpati). Cf. Mahābhārata, XIII, 33. Ballāla’s Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 316) attributes the stanza to the Dāna-Br̥haspati at one place and to Vr̥ddha– Vasiṣṭha elsewhere (p. 322; with janma-prabhr̥ti mānavaḥ).

best st0159

Anuṣṭubh

yat kiñcit kurute pāpaṁ naro lobha–samanvitaḥ api gocarma-mātreṇa bhūmi-dānena śudhyati


Translation

A miserly man, whatever the sins he has committed, is purified by a gift of land, even measuring the size of a gocarman (literally a cow’s skin, here it is a unit of measurement).

Sircar's notes

2. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXIII, p. 161, verse 7. Sometimes we have janma-prabhr̥ti mānavaḥ in the second foot and etad° at the beginning of the second half (Vogel, Antiquities of Chamba State, I. p. 163). The Mahābhārata (XIII, 62, 19) has it with puruṣaḥ pāpaṁ kurute vr̥tti-karśitaḥ. Ballāla's Dānasāgara (op. cit., p. 316) attributes it to the Dāna-Br̥haspati.

Sircar 1965 makes no mention that a variation of this verse can be read in the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra, 29.16 :

Anuṣṭubh

yat kiñcit kurute pāpaṁ puruṣo vṛtti-karṣitaḥ api gocarma-mātreṇa bhūmi-dānena śudhyati


Whatever sin a man may have committed under the pressure of his occupation, he is cleansed from all that by giving a piece of land even small as a "cow's hide". (translation Olivelle 2000: 461)

According to Olivelle 2000: 346, the Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra represents a transitional phase from the prose Dharmasūtras to the verse Smṛtis. Olivelle (Olivelle 2000: 10) places Vasiṣṭha Dharmasūtra's composition close to the beginning of the common era or even in the first century CE.


best st0160

Anuṣṭubh

yāvad dattā bhaved bhumiḥ sama-cchedā suśobhanā tāvad yuga-sahasrāṇi rudra-loke ca tiṣṭhati


Translation

[The donor] will sejourn in the world of Rudra during thousands of yugas, as long as the given land remains undivided and very propitious.

Sircar's notes

3. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXVIII, p. 50, note 7. For slight variations, see Ep. Carn., Vol. XI, Cd. No. 82.

best st0161

Anuṣṭubh

yāvanti sasya-mūlāni go-romāṇi ca saṁkhyayā naras tāvanti varṣāṇi svarge tiṣṭhati bhūmidaḥ


Translation

The land giver stays in heaven as many years as there are roots on a seed and hairs on a cow('s coat).

Sircar's notes

4. Ep. Ind., Vol. XI, p. 312. The stanza is found in the Saṁvartasmr̥ti, verse 73.

best st0162

Anuṣṭubh

yāvat sūrya-saśāṅkau ca yāvad bhūdhara-sāgarān tāvat putra-prapautrako grāmaḥ pālyaḥ nr̥pottamaiḥ


Translation

As long as the sun and moon exist, as long as the mountains and oceans exist, for that long, the best of kings should protect the village belonging to the sons and grandsons (of the donee).

Sircar's notes

5. Ind. Ant., Vol. XII, p. 121.

best st0163

Indravajrā

ye brāhmaṇānām ayathā haranti pradeśa–mātrām api bhūtadhātrīm pūrīṣa–kūpe pitr̥bhiḥ sametās te kalpa–koṭir api yāpayanti


Translation

Those who steal even a small portion of the earth belonging to the Brahmins, they spend even ten millions of kalpas united with the ancestors in the pit of excrement, .

Sircar's notes

6. Ep. Ind., Vol. XXII, p. 156, text lines 40-41.

best st0164

Anuṣṭubh

yo 'rcitaṁ pratigr̥hṇāti dadāty arcitam eva vā tāv ubhau gacchataḥ svargaṁ narakaṁ tu viparyaye


Translation

The one who accepts (a gift) with reverence or the one who gives with reverence, both of them go to heaven, but if the reverse, they go to hell.

Sircar's notes

7. Ep. Ind., Vol. II, p. 360. The verse is found in the Manusmr̥ti, IV, 235.

best 0165

Anuṣṭubh

kharo dvādaśa janmāni Aṣṭa janmāni śūkaraḥ śvā tu saptati-janmāni Ity evaṁ manur abravīt


Translation

Manu said: "He will be born twelve times as an ass, eight times as a hog, seventy times as a dog".

This stanza is quoted by Sircar in the note of the stanza 128 but it seems to be a variation of best_st0009. What is interesting here is that the authorship of the sentence is included in the stanza. Source : Epigraphia Carnatica, XII, Gubbi Taluq, n°34, pp.42-44 : At Yiḍagūtru (Chiṭṭanahaḷḷi hobli) on a stone in the varadah of the Īśvara temple


best 0166

Anuṣṭubh

brāhmaṇo jāyamāno vai pr̥thivyām adhijāyate Īśvaraḥ sarvva-bhūtānāṁ brahma-kośasya guptaye


Translation

It is the Lord of All Beings who, in order to preserve Brahmanic wealth, takes birth on earth as a Brahmin being born.

This stanza is inserted within a group of well-known benedictory and imprecatory stanzas in Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III (DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00062)


best 0167

Anuṣṭubh

nirvvaśo nirddhano rogī kṣīṇāyuḥ śatrubhir jjitaḥ bhaved yaḥ kurute vādhāṃ viprāṇāṁ tāmra-śāsane


Translation

A man who objects to the vipra in a copper plate, would be sick, diminished without will, whose life expectancy is reduced, defeated by his enemies !

See Nuapatna plates of the time of Janamejaya year 5.


best 0168

Anuṣṭubh

tasya svaṁ harate yas tu tasya pāpa-phalaṁ śr̥ṇu brahma-hatyā-sahasrebhyaḥ go-hatyābhyo viśiṣyate


Translation

Hear the fruit of the sin of that man who seizes His property: it exceeds thousands of Brahmin-murders and cow-slaughters.

See Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III (INSVengiCalukya00062)


best 0169

Anuṣṭubh

dehi dehīti vādato dehi dehīti yo vadeT na sa vakṣyiti dehīti dehī dehāntaraṁ gataḥ


Translation

He who would would say “No, you give me, me” to one who says “Give me, give” i.e. to a Brahmin—that embodied being will not be able to say “Give” when he takes birth in another body.

The stanza is rather corrupted and reconstructed by Daniel Balogh in his edition of the plate (see Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III (INSVengiCalukya00062), in particular the note ).


best 0170

Anuṣṭubh

Ādhi-vyādhi-parītāyev ādya śvo vā vināśine ko hi nāma śarīrāya dharmāpetaḥ samācareT


Translation

Who indeed would act in breach of moral duty (dharma) for the sake of the body, which seems to be full of pain and malady, and which will decay today or tomorrow?

See Ciṁbuluru plates of Vijayāditya III (INSVengiCalukya00062)


best 0171

Upajāti

Asyāsumanto haraṇaṁ haranti ye te narendrād iha yātanārhāḥ yamād amutrāpi ca pālayanti ye yāntu te dhāma śivaṁ śivasya


Translation

Men who take away the offerings for him, should be punished here by the king and in the other world by Yama; but those who protect them, may they go to the auspicious abode of Śiva.

See South and North doorjambs of East door of the Southern tower of the first row of Prasat Lolei (K. 327), 815 Śaka (INSCIK00327)


best 0172

Vasantatilakā

rakṣān naraḥ parakr̥tau vidadhīta vidvān pādā hi dharmma yaśasaḥ paramasya labdhāḥ dhātraiva sriṣṭam akhilam bhuvanaṁ tathāpi rakṣantri puṇyaratayaḥ pr̥thivīn narendrāḥ


Translation

Oh! Dharma! A (learned) man must render protection to the deeds of others. Indeed (there are) the feet acquired by (i.e., on which stands) great fame. The world was all created by Dhātr̥, still kings desirous of merits protect the earth.


best 0173

Anuṣṭubh

pitaraḥ pitr̥-lokasthā deva-loke divaukasaḥ santarpayanti dātāraṁ bhūmeḥ prabhavatāṁ vara


Translation

The ancestors who reside in the Pitr̥loka and the gods who dwell in the Devaloka, fully satisfy the land-giver, O thou who art the best among born beings.

This verse is quoted as a parallel of the stanza 4 by Sircar 1965. The source he quotes is Epigraphia Indica, Vol XII, p. 97, lines 28-29, but there must be an error in this reference, since these pages reproduce tables on the planets and not the text of an inscription. The pādas cd are found in the Puruṣottampurī Plates of Rāmacandra, śaka 12322, lines 125-126 (see Mirashi 1939–1940).

best 0174

Indravajrā

yo vyakramed dāyam imaṁ nibaddhaṁ go-ghno guru-ghno dvija-ghātakaḥ saḥ taiḥ pātakaiḥ pañcabhir anvito dho gacchen naraḥ sopanipātakaiś ca


Translation

He will be a vile murderer of cattle, of spiritual instructors, and of Brahmans, who will venture to set aside this ordinance; enveloped by the five heinous sins and all minor sins such a wretch will drop to the nether regions.

See Indor Charter of the Time of Skandagupta, line 11-12.

Sircar's notes

This verse does not belong to Sircar's list. As it represents one of the odlest imprecative verse quoted in a copper plate, it seems important to include it in this list even if I found no other quotation of it.


best 0175

Anuṣṭubh

yathoktaiḥ pañcabhiḥ ghoraiḥ mahā-pātaka-vahnibhiḥ nirdagdhā narakaṁ yānti brahmadeyāpahāriṇaḥ


Translation

After being burnt by the fires of the five terrifying great sins above mentioned, those who seize gifts made to Brahmins will go to the hell.

See Akki-Ālūr (Kiṛukuppuṭūra) Grant of Kṛṣṇavarman II, Year 15 (see Gai 1996: s.v. 38, 147–148, attributed to the Dharmaśāstra of Manu.

Sircar's notes

Not in Sircar's list.