The

Current Version: draft, 2025-04-18Z
Still in progress – do not quote without permission.

List of Witnesses

  • MS: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, L882
    • Physical Description: This manuscript is a lontar (ləmpiran), 44 cm long, extending over 37 folios. Folio numbering in the left margin of the verso of each folio. Four lines per side. Three binding holes; rectangular space kept free around central hole.
    • Hand Description: Only a single hand is observed: black ink, neat Balinese script.
    • History: Listed by Behrend (1998: 363, peti 60, L 882). First described by Juynboll (1911: 188–189, MCCCXXXI, cod. 882) as follows: Lĕmpiran, lang 44 cM. en groot 37 fol., bevattende een O. Jav. wetboek, dat Aṣṭâdaça wyawahâra schijnt te heeten. Het begin luidt Awighnam astu. Nihan Aṣṭâdaça wyawahâra kawruhakna de sang mahyun aglarakna wyawahârawicedana. Het is in zuiver O. Jav. geschreven, waarschijnlijk in het Majapahitsche tijdperk, want de naam van dit rijk komt er eenige malen in voor. Dikwijls worden Sanskṛtverzen aangehaald. Reeds op regel 3 van fol. 1 worden de aṣṭaduṣṭa genoemd, waarmede de door dr. Jonker uitgegeven Kuṭâra-mânawa begint, doch hier afwijkend. Op fol. a, 36 staat: Nihan ta ngaran ing Dewâgama. Het is afkomstig uit Den Pasar. Eigendom van het Bat. Gen, in bruikleen bij het leg. Warn.

Metadata of the Edition

  • Title:
  • Text Identifier: DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara
  • Arlo Griffiths, Timothy Lubin & Nurmalia Habibah.

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

invocation

MS:1rMS:1vavighnam astu.

1

Definitions

1

2

  • Kuṭāra-Mānava (1) riṅ aṣṭaduṣṭa varahakna || amateni voṅ tan padoṣa | akon amatenana voṅ tan padoṣe | aṅanini voṅ tan padoṣa | akəmbulan paṅan lāvan duṣṭa | sapaduluran saparane lāvan duṣṭa | amitra lāvan duṣṭa | aveh gənah riṅ duṣṭa | atuluṅ duṣṭa | iku aṣṭaduṣṭa arane ||.
  • Sārasamuccaya (Or5037 21v) iṅśakah codakah bhektah bhojvekah saha carakah tasnadah tatrah aṣṭo duṣṭa ri ti smṛtah.

3

4

5

  • Vratiśāsana 30: kartā kārayitā bhoktā nirdeṣṭā sthānadeśakaḥ | trātā jñātā ca goptā ca aṣṭacauravidhāḥ smr̥tāḥ ||.

6

7


2

deśabhaṅgabhayāt tyaktaṁ, hr̥taṁ taskarapārthivaiḥ, agnidagdhaṁ jalenoḍhaṁ, pañcasādhāraṇaṁ smr̥taṁ ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara

  • Cf. Mahāsubhāsiṭasaṅgraha 216 agnau dagdhaṁ jale magnaṁ hr̥taṁ taskarapārthivaiḥ | tat sarvaṁ dānam ity āhur yadi klaibyaṁ na bhāṣate || and MDhś 8.189 caurair hr̥taṁ jalenoḍham agninā dagdham eva ca | na dadyād yadi tasmāt sa na saṁharati kiṁ cana ||.

1


sthāvare goṣu mānuṣye sāhasaṁ kriyante narāḥ, madhyamottamakaniṣṭhe,doṣa duskr̥tam avacca ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


sastraśmitaṣṭaloṣṭasi [i.e., śastrāśmakāṣṭaloṣṭā hi?], kaṇḍā karandutagnibhi, panipaḍasirodan tu, na kam bedah hinahināṣṭiya ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


duhka raktaṁ, brani bhaṅgi [i.e. vraṇam bhaṅgam], cedanaṁ, bhedanaṁ vaḍam, kūryat ya praninaṁ, tad i, ḍaṇḍaparuṣyam ukyate ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



pariputeśu ddhānyesu, sakamulaphaleśu cā, niranvaye śataṁ ḍaṇḍaṁ, sarnvaye [i.e. sānvaye ’r]ddhaśataṁ damaṁ [= MDh 8.331] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


puspeMS:5rsu harite janye, śakamulatasibr̥śu, halpeṣu pariputaṣu, ḍaṇḍa syat pañcakr̥ṣṇalam [~ MDh 8.330; ms Lo2: svalpeṣva-] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


aḍisaṁma valadanaṁ, nikṣepopanibhih striyah, rajasvaṁ śrotiyasvañ ca, sopabhogena jiyyate [~ MDh 8.149, known var in d] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



dvajahr̥ttha bhūktidasah, matr̥jakritādatrimah, paitr̥ko ḍaṇḍadaśa[5v2]tru, saptetat masayonayah [~ MDh 8.415] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


danyaṁ daśabhyah kumbebhyah, harate yyada[5v4]kaṁ vadah, śeṣe py ekadaśaguṇam, mūlyat ḍaṇḍam prakalphavet [~ MDh 8.320] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


sataṁ brāhmaṇaṁm akruṣya, kṣatriya ḍaṇḍam ahartti, veśyah dvārddhasahi de va, śūdran ta vadam ahārtthih [MDh 8.267] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


pañcaṣyat brahmāṇe ḍaṇḍa, kṣatriyasyanisañjane, veṣye syatḍ arddhāpañcasyat, sudre dvaḍaśino damah, [MDh 8.268] vesyekṣatriyayoh suMS:6v[6v1]dre, vipe kṣatraveśyaralah [~ cd of stanza interpolated after MDh 8.268] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


[6v3] dasivinalayan sthanat, yo narah dviguṇaṁ r̥ṇaṁ, karmasaṅkyadade śreṣta, stheneti dviguṇotamaṁ ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


ḍasah va bhr̥takah svami, coditah, kalane hatah, bhr̥takasya paləm danyat, mr̥karaṇaMS:7r vicarayet ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


sasyavapi r̥ṇaṁ rənat, paninamūtamārghnikah, pañcaguṇaṁ, jñātida[7r3]ṭo, kūryat daśāgunottamaṁ ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


rənikasya tu, putrañ ca, r̥ṇañ ceva, hared api, visage rəvis cedene, karmatyakumbikah ḍani ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


hasdanitanaṁ, saMS:7vndata, anditanañ ca, mokṣakah dagagvatha tanaprapta, syat, corakadyadyat kivaṁ || [MDh 8.342]

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


kr̥te sārvve pitah kanya, pare tasmin prayaccati, sarvva dviguṇikaṅ ḍaṇḍaṁ, sahasadvakaṅm ūtamaṁ ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


daśaniragasahanyat, tat r̥ṇakaṁ da[7v4] dyadvakaṁ, catūrśataṁ, kroḍan śreṣṭa, savakrayavisarjjanat ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


vatamanadvikaṁ dravyaṁ, suvarṇnarajatan danat, dvigunaṁ laṅgayet hr̥tva, na punah vuddirākṣate ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


[8r2] kanyavigiṣanajati, nā kiñ cit, vapi ḍaṇḍayet, jaghaṇaṁ bhajataṁ vakaṁ, niyataṁ vasayat, hr̥tat ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


asubhakaryavalan tu, kūryatayuh hi , ḍapayat, tanājñātadikarye tu, na doṣodāś catūrdaśa ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



guru, pva va, pitradeva, brahmāṇā, vva, bahuśrutaṁ, atatayinampayanti, anyadeva vicarayat [MDh 8.350],,

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


ḍaṇḍanya, aḍaṇḍayan rajā, ḍaṇḍyaṇ ḍai, vasy aḍaṇḍayan, ayaśo mahad apnoti, narakañ ceva gacati [MDh 8.128] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


yan kiñcit, daśā[9r4]varṣani, agnido prekṣate, dani, bhūjapamaṇaṁ pare tuṣṇaṁ, na śa talabdam ahārtti [MDh 8.147] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


darṣaṇāpratibhaveśya, vidir yyat pūrvvacoditah, ḍanapratibhuhvi prete, dayatne vapi ḍapayet [MDh 8.160] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



tvakbedakah śakaṁ ḍaṇḍyah, coditasya daśanakah, maṅsebeḍa tu saniskan, pravaṣyah tv astibedakah [~ MDh 8.284] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


pita, matha, suhrat, brata, bhārya, putra, purohitta, nāḍaṇḍye, raja, haṣṭi ṣyat, yah svadharma na tistati [~ MDh 8.335] |

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



[12v4] anakiṅ bhedakam anyat, apsu suskatavaineva, tad vapi pritiya kūryat, dadyat cottamaśahasam [MDh 9.279] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


śāstraḍah manuṣatranat, corena śābhāye śūddha, hastenarityayaṅkatya, dadya dviguṇam uttama ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


upakāre karojantu, core gramavimohaṇat, gatre gurur iki kyatah, uttamaṁ triguṇan dado ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



sāhaseṣu ca sarveṣu steyasaṁgrahaṇeṣu ca | vāgdaṇḍayoś ca pāruṣye na parīkṣeta sākṣiṇaḥ ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara

  • MDh 8.72.


bahutvaṁ parigṛhṇīyāt sākṣidvaidhe narādhipaḥ | sameṣu tu guṇotkṛṣṭān guṇidvaidhe dvijottamān ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara

  • MDh 8.73.



aśaṇa, ñca, paśuna, ñca, tripakṣadapyanam bavet, viparyaye tu daṇḍasyat, manūṣyanan tu [15v4] vatsarāt ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



yah tu pūrvvaniviṣṭasya, tada kasyodakaṁ haret, bagamaṁ, vā, pya, mamiṇḍyat, sah dapyah pūrvvasahasam [MDh 9.281] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


gr̥hinah, putrinah, molah brahmaṇah, kṣatriya veśyah, ity uktah [17v4] sākṣyam ahati śūdra ye dapya ninditah [~ MDh 8.62] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


amtah sārvvesu varṇnesu, kārya kāryasu sākṣinah, sārvvadharmadido luṇḍah, viparikta ca tarjayet,,

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara

nārtthasambandino naptah, na sāhayah, na verinah, na dr̥ṣṭanoṣa kārttivyah, na vyadyatah na duṣita [8.63–64] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara


nā sākṣih nr̥pati kārya nā, karunah kusiṅlavā, na, śrutiyo na, liṅgasto na, saṅgebhyo vinighatah ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara

nityaginyo, na vaktaMS:18vvyo, na dapyah na vikārmanāt, nā vr̥ddho, na sisu śenah, natyo na vikalendiyah [MDh 8.65–66] ||

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdAstadasaVyavahara



adānam em.
hadaniṁ MS
But cf. Svayambhu 5.1 tan kasahuraniṅ hutaṅ, hādiniṅ vyavahāra.
nikṣepa em.
dikṣepa MS
dravya tinitipakən, 3,..., matuku, 12,
The repetition of punctuation in the ms. and the jump from number 3 to number 12 both seem to result from the loss of a significant segment of text which would have contained items 4–11 and the first word of item 13, namely kraya, which is glossed by matuku. See Svayambhu 5.1–2 for the missing terms.
anuśaya em.
Anuṣa MS
pāruṣya em.
parunya MS
saṁgrahaṇa em.
-saṅgrataṇā MS
dyūtamāhvānam em.
dyuttamavvana: MS
The gloss might suggest that the Sanskrit was interpreted by the author as having a connection with the OJ verb mahvan.
amatyani norm.
āmateni MS

Kuṭāra-Mānava (1) riṅ aṣṭaduṣṭa varahakna || amateni voṅ tan padoṣa | akon amatenana voṅ tan padoṣe | aṅanini voṅ tan padoṣa | akəmbulan paṅan lāvan duṣṭa | sapaduluran saparane lāvan duṣṭa | amitra lāvan duṣṭa | aveh gənah riṅ duṣṭa | atuluṅ duṣṭa | iku aṣṭaduṣṭa arane ||.Sārasamuccaya (Or5037 21v) iṅśakah codakah bhektah bhojvekah saha carakah tasnadah tatrah aṣṭo duṣṭa ri ti smṛtah.
traya em.
triya MS
katəmvan norm.
katamon MS
kārayitā em.
karahika MS
nirdeṣṭā em.
nidiṣṭa MS
śakhi em.
śaka MS

Vratiśāsana 30: kartā kārayitā bhoktā nirdeṣṭā sthānadeśakaḥ | trātā jñātā ca goptā ca aṣṭacauravidhāḥ smr̥tāḥ ||.
təkanya norm.
tkane MS
akukuda norm.
hakukudḍa: MS
lamun samakāryanya em.
lamun samaka:ryyanya, lamun samaka:ryyan∙ MS (dittography)
ṣaṭcorah norm.
śadcoraḥ MS
maṅakvakən em.
maṅalvakən MS
ḍaṇḍanən em.
ḍaṇḍakən∙ MS
hr̥taṁ em.
kr̥taṁ* MS
jalenoḍhaṁ em.
jalanodaṁ MS

Cf. Mahāsubhāsiṭasaṅgraha 216 agnau dagdhaṁ jale magnaṁ hr̥taṁ taskarapārthivaiḥ | tat sarvaṁ dānam ity āhur yadi klaibyaṁ na bhāṣate || and MDhś 8.189 caurair hr̥taṁ jalenoḍham agninā dagdham eva ca | na dadyād yadi tasmāt sa na saṁharati kiṁ cana ||.
manaṅgapi em.
panaṅgapi MS
prihavak em.
prihyanavak· MS

MDh 8.72.

MDh 8.73.
deśabhaṅgabhayāt […] smr̥taṁ ||
The ms. reads deśabhaṅgabha:yat tyaktaṁ*, kr̥2v3taṁ* taskara:pa:rthivai, Agnidagḍaṁ* jalanodaṁ, pañcasadaraṇaṁ* smr̥taṁ* ||.
sthāvare […] avacca ||
The ms. reads sthavaragośu, manuṣye sahasa:m kriyante naraḥ, madḍyamottamakaniṣṭai, doṣa duskr̥tam avacca .
sāhaseṣu […] sākṣiṇaḥ ||
Actual reading: sahaste sa tu sarvve[14v2]śu, steyasaṅgrahanesu ca, vag·ḍaṇḍayoś ca paruṣya, na parikṣerttha: [SH] sa:kṣaṇaḥ.
bahutvaṁ […] dvijottamān ||
Actual reading: batvaṁ parigr̥naṁyatya, sakṣi dve-dve naraḍipah, samasutukulotduṣṭan, guṇa dve-dve kulotgataMS:15rn, bahukvaṁ parigr̥ṇaṁ yat [~ MDh 8.73, v.l. in d; + repetition of pāda a] ||.

Apparatus


^1. adānam] em., hadaniṁ MS • But cf. Svayambhu 5.1 tan kasahuraniṅ hutaṅ, hādiniṅ vyavahāra.
^2. nikṣepa] em., dikṣepa MS
^3. dravya tinitipakən, 3,..., matuku, 12,], • The repetition of punctuation in the ms. and the jump from number 3 to number 12 both seem to result from the loss of a significant segment of text which would have contained items 4–11 and the first word of item 13, namely kraya, which is glossed by matuku. See Svayambhu 5.1–2 for the missing terms.
^4. anuśaya] em., Anuṣa MS
^5. pāruṣya] em., parunya MS
^6. saṁgrahaṇa] em., -saṅgrataṇā MS
^7. dyūtamāhvānam] em., dyuttamavvana: MS • The gloss might suggest that the Sanskrit was interpreted by the author as having a connection with the OJ verb mahvan.
^8. amatyani] norm., āmateni MS
^9. traya] em., triya MS
^10. katəmvan] norm., katamon MS
^11. kārayitā] em., karahika MS
^12. nirdeṣṭā] em., nidiṣṭa MS
^13. śakhi] em., śaka MS
^14. təkanya] norm., tkane MS
^15. akukuda] norm., hakukudḍa: MS
^16. lamun samakāryanya] em., lamun samaka:ryyanya, lamun samaka:ryyan∙ MS (dittography)
^17. ṣaṭcorah] norm., śadcoraḥ MS
^18. maṅakvakən] em., maṅalvakən MS
^19. ḍaṇḍanən] em., ḍaṇḍakən∙ MS
^20. hr̥taṁ] em., kr̥taṁ* MS
^21. jalenoḍhaṁ] em., jalanodaṁ MS
^22. deśabhaṅgabhayāt […] smr̥taṁ ||] The ms. reads deśabhaṅgabha:yat tyaktaṁ*, kr̥2v3taṁ* taskara:pa:rthivai, Agnidagḍaṁ* jalanodaṁ, pañcasadaraṇaṁ* smr̥taṁ* ||.
^23. manaṅgapi] em., panaṅgapi MS
^24. prihavak] em., prihyanavak· MS
^25. sthāvare […] avacca ||] The ms. reads sthavaragośu, manuṣye sahasa:m kriyante naraḥ, madḍyamottamakaniṣṭai, doṣa duskr̥tam avacca .
^26. sāhaseṣu […] sākṣiṇaḥ ||] Actual reading: sahaste sa tu sarvve[14v2]śu, steyasaṅgrahanesu ca, vag·ḍaṇḍayoś ca paruṣya, na parikṣerttha: [SH] sa:kṣaṇaḥ.
^27. bahutvaṁ […] dvijottamān ||] Actual reading: batvaṁ parigr̥naṁyatya, sakṣi dve-dve naraḍipah, samasutukulotduṣṭan, guṇa dve-dve kulotgataMS:15rn, bahukvaṁ parigr̥ṇaṁ yat [~ MDh 8.73, v.l. in d; + repetition of pāda a] ||.

Translation Notes

Commentary

Bibliography