The or ‘Ordinance for the Sages’

Current Version: draft, 2025-04-18Z
Still in progress – do not quote without permission.

Witnesses
Metadata

List of Witnesses

A: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands, Leiden University Libraries, Or. 3632 (2)
- Content:
  - fol. 1r-29v, pp. 1-57: Vratiśāsana
  - fol. 1v-11r, pp. 61-80: R̥ṣiśāsana
  - fol. 11r-21v, p. 80-106: Śaivaśāsana
  - fol. 1v-5r, p. 109-115: Śīlakrama
- Colophon:
- Physical Description: Balinese script on lontar, 44 cm
- History: Provenance unknown, H. N. van der Tuuk bequest, acquired in 1896
B: Kirtya Liefrinck-Van der Tuuk, Singaraja, Bali, IIb.78b/1
- Physical Description: Balinese script on lontar
C: Perpustakaan Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Br 144
- Physical Description: Manuscript copy by Brandes on paper
D: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Leiden, the Netherlands, Or. 3958
- Physical Description: Latin script on paper

Metadata of the Edition

Title: or ‘Ordinance for the Sages’
Text Identifier: DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
Copyright © 2019-2025 by Marine Schoettel, Arlo Griffiths & Timothy Lubin.

The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

Encoded following the Guide for Encoding Manuscript-Based Critical Editions in the DHARMA Project.

invocation

A:1v//0// om̐ namaḥ śivāya //0//

(1)

Introduction (maṅgala)

		nr̥po manuḥ pūrvakadevatāsīt,
		dattvā
		suśāstraṁ
		śivaśāsanākhyam,
		śaivaiḥ
		sadā pūjakr̥taiḥ
		tam evam,
		prajeśayor namyaṁ
		
		śubhāya ciram ॥
	

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)

The four perfections (caturpāramitā) of the hermits and the pursuit of the realm’s prosperity

Distinct bodies of legal precepts and the autonomy of the R̥ṣiśāsana

Privileges: ownership of controlled types of property

Tax exemptions

The hermits’ right to take wives

Property of cattle and crops; use of animals for ritual purposes

Immunity from inspectors of the royal revenue

Forbidden trees

The possessions of the head of the community

// brahmacārī gr̥hasthaś ca, vānaprastho yathākramāt, trayāṇāñ ca gr̥hasthatvam, tasya yad gaṇanāṅkitam // 1

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(173)(174)(175)(176)(177)(178)

Parallels

gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho yatistathā

grāmastho bhikṣukaḥ kṣetre, A:7ryukto bhaikṣena vartataḥ, mr̥to bhikṣuḥ patan toye, nr̥po bhikṣum na doṣayet //

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(179)(180)(181)(182)(183)(184)(185)(186)(187)

na viṣam viṣamity āhuḥ, devasvam viṣam manyate, iha loke viṣam anyat , deva-dr̥vyaṁ tad eva tu //

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(188)(189)(190)(191)(192)(193)

Parallels

Such subhāṣitas borrowed from the Dharmaśāstras and defining the property of Brahmins as the most terrible poison occur frequently in the minatory portions of Sanskrit charters from the Indian subcontinent. See for instance charters of the Eastern Calukyas, Western Gaṅgas. In the context of land grants, they insist that the king should never appropriate the property of Brahmins. There are many known variants, focusing around either brahma-svam or deva-svam. Some examples are enumerated in Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, p. 190, n. 98. I have not found any literary or epigraphic parallels for pādas c and d however.

Relationship between the hermits and the laymen outside the monastic institution

Disposal of a hermit’s possessions

			// svaryātasya hi svadr̥vyam,
yat kiñ cit pustakādikam,
			tad guror vaśam āpannam,
bahnaye dātum arhati //
		

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(222)(223)(224)(225)(226)(227)(228)(229)(230)

Parallels

adaptation

“
svaśiṣyakas tu yad dravyaṁ yat kiṁ cit pustakādikam tad guror vaśam āpannam anyebhyo dātum arhati

Translation
No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
(230)
”
.

			// guror abhāvāt tad bhāgaiḥ,
			tribhiḥ kāryaṁ mahātmabhiḥ,
			devadevasvabhāgo ’nyaḥ,
			dvitīyaś cāpy athāgnaye //
		

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(231)(232)(233)(234)(235)(236)

Parallels

adaptation

“
guror abhāvāt tadbhāvabhāvāc chāstrāṇi kārayet mahad dhi devadevāya dvitīyaṁ cāpy athāgnaye

Translation
No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
(236)
” .
.

			bhojanaṁ pi  tr̥tīyasya,
				
			niḥsvaḥ syād athavā yatiḥ,
			tanmātraṁ yasya tan nāsti,
			tat tasmai sampradīyate //
		

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(237)(238)(239)(240)(241)

Parallels

adaptation

“
bhājanādi tr̥tīyaṁ tu nisve syād athavā yadi tanmātraṁ yasya tan nāsti tat tasya tu pradāpayet

Translation
No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
(241)
”

			svāryagurur dravyaṁ mahat,
			
			devāya A:8vvinivedayet,
			kartavyaṁ hi vibhos tena,
			prāsādādikam ādarāt //

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(242)(243)(244)(245)(246)(247)

Parallels

adaptation

“
svaryātasya guror dravyaṁ devāya vinivedayet kartavyaṁ ca vibhos tena prāsādādikam ādarāt

Translation
No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
(247)
”

			pustakānāṁ
			yathā-jyeṣṭha,-krameṇa paripālanam,
			kartavyam abhiyuktais tu,
			śiṣyair nyāyena sarvadā // 0 //
			
		

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(248)(249)(250)(251)(252)

Parallels

adaptation

“
pustakānāṁ yathā-jyeṣṭha-krameṇa paripālanam kartavyam abhiyuktais tu śiṣyair nyāyena sarvadā

Translation
No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
(252)
”

			// 0 // yatīnāṁ putra yad  dravyaṁ,
			yat kiñ cit pustakādikam,
			grāmyebhyas
			
			tan
			na dātavyaṁ,
			gurūtsedho
			
			‘bhidhīyate //
		

Translation

No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

(254)(255)(256)(257)(258)(259)(260)

Religious service of the ascetics

More tax exemptions

Curse section

colophon

iti saṅ hyaṅ r̥ṣiśāsana

(324)(325)

Apparatus

^1. namaḥ] norm., nama A B C D
^2. nr̥po] norm., nr̥paḥ B A D C
^3. pūrvakadevatāsīt] B, pūrvvatadevata:sət A, pūrvvatadetasət C D • Note the use of the term devatā, which is used in epigraphy within curse formulas since the Central Javanese period (inscriptions of Mantyasih from 829 Śaka, Sugih Manek from 837 Śaka) to invoke the spirits of royal ancestors (van Naerssen 1976: 301–302; de Casparis and Mabbett 1992: 310). In the Mantyasih inscription of king Balitung we find a clear illustration of the inclusion of the names of deceased rulers under the designation rahyaṅta rumuhun, a formula which is later replaced by devata prasiddha.
^4. dattvā] norm., da:tva A, datva B
^5. suśāstraṁ] em., suśa:ntraṁ* B A D, suśantraṅ C
^6. śivaśāsanākhyam] norm., śiva:śa:śanakyaṁ* A, sivasasanakiyam B, śaṣakyəṅ C D
^7. śaivaiḥ] norm., śaivai A D, saiveh B, śove C
^8. sadā pūjakr̥taiḥ] em., seda:paja- A C D, sadapaja- B
^9. tam evam] em., tumevaṁ* A B D, tumeviṅ C
^10. prajeśayor namyaṁ] em., prajasya:yo naṁ*ya A B, prajasyayo nəṁya C
^11. śubhāya ciram] norm., subhāyabhiram A C D, subhaya ciram B • Read cīram.
^12. mintonakən] A B D, mintonakəka C
^13. āvaknirar paṅanti] B, āvaknira maṅanti A C D
^14. maveh] A C, vehən B, madeva D
^15. suśāstra] A C, susanta B, sura:stra D
^16. paṅinak-inak] A B D, paṅinak-ənak C
^17. hajəṅa] A C D, rahajəṅga B
^18. sinivi] A D C, sivi B
^19. riṅ kabhujaṅgan] em., kabhujaṅgan B, kebhujaṅgan A D, kenujaṅgan C • The presence of a taling in Issue in the code and Issue in the code is a clue to the presence of a short segment of text between sinivi and kabhujaṅgan in the original. I assume that a copist would have misread particle riṅ for a vocalic mark. Compare with the numerous occurrences of the expression sinivi riṅ.
^20. ulah, śīla,] A B C D, • Parallels in many other texts do not include śīla after ulah in this series of three. So it seems that śīla was meant to gloss ulah, specifying that good conduct is the type of action intended here, among the variety of meanings ulah can take. It should not be considered as a fourth element.
^21. nihan] em., nahan A B C D
^22. maitrī] em., metri A B, met riṅ C
^23. sukha karuṇa] B, ... A C D
^24. tuṣṭi] A C D, tusta B
^25. kamupekṣan] A B D, kapupekṣan C
^26. maitrī ṅaranika] L B, ... A C B D
^27. samodana] B, samoḍana A
^28. tapasvinā] em., tapasvinam A B, tapthasminam C
^29. śamarūpam] em., samarūpam B, samarūpəm A, samarupək C
^30. pinakarūpanira] A C, pinakarusanira B
^31. pinakabratanira], • It seems that some text has been lost in front of pinakabratanira. In particular, one would expect something like ikā ta kabeh, or an equivalent formula. Revise this in view of TL’s explanation.
^32. prajābandhu] em., prajavanda A, prajavanda B • The term vandhu appears occasionally in Sanskritized compounds or collocations in Old Javanese texts such as Deśavarṇana (18.6b, vandhuvarga; 31.2b vandhu haji), but rather in its meaning of ‘relation, family’ than ‘friend’. The emendation nonetheless seems preferable to the reading -bandha.
^33. udan] A B, udun C
^34. mataṅnyan] B, mantaṅnyan A, mantaṅṅan C
^35. məḍaṅ] A B, mbaṅ C
^36. puhavaṅ] em., mpu havaṁ A B C
^37. sirāmrayatna] A C, sira prayatna B
^38. manu-hāgama-mānava] em., manuhagamanava A C D, manusasana, manuraga, manava B
^39. deva] A B, sadeva C
^40. māheśvara] norm., maheśvara A B C
^41. parameśvara] A C D, maheśvara B
^42. air bulaṅ] A C D, ... B
^43. air asih] B, air asi A C
^44. parhyaṅan] norm., pāryaṅan A B C
^45. r̥ṣi] A B, sar̥ṣi C
^46. adr̥vya] em., dr̥vya A B C
^47. lpas] B, lḍas A, dərlas C, lphas D
^48. ry alas] A C D, yar alas B
^49. prabhu] A B D, ... C
^50. rājaśāsana ṅaranya], • It seems likely that the text is incomplete here. Restore: rājaśāsana, r̥ṣiśāsana ṅaranya.
^51. brāhmaṇa] B C, hrahma:ṇa: A
^52. pva] em., ta A B C D • Emending to pva in this subordinate clause allows to reconstruct a ta - pva correlation, with the particle ta in the principal clause that follows (tan parabyāpāra ta sira). Oftentimes in Balinese manuscripts particles ta and pva appear to be used interchangeably, with the result that ta may well occur where one would expect pva, as it seems to be the case here.
^53. ry asthāna] A D, yar stana B, yyasthana C
^54. parabyāpārātaḥ],
^55. pucaṅ] A B D, ... C
^56. sərəh, nyū] A B D, sərəhnya C
^57. talə̄s] A B, talis C
^58. bañak] B C, baba:k A
^59. parabyāpāra] A B, patabvā para C
^60. salvirniṅ kavvaṅanira, taṇḍa rakryan, paməgət, mantri, hulun haji, tan parabyāpāra tapva i sira] A B, ... C
^61. āpaṭāraṇa] norm., a:patharaṇa A B C • The normalized spelling follows OJED, although the epigraphical record shows a preponderance for spelling pataraṇa with dental t and short a.
^62. kuniṅ] A C, kunəṁ B
^63. asurāga kuniṅ] A C, asaraga kunəṁ B
^64. apayuṅ joṅ kuniṅ] A C, saprakara apayuṅ kuniṅ
^65. acuriṅa], ... A C
^66. pati] B, mati A C
^67. parasi] norm., paraṣi A B C • This ethnonym is rare but not absent from Old Javanese inscriptions. Damais (1970: 758) records four occurrences in Old Javanese inscriptions, and one in an Old Sundanese manuscript (Holle 1867: 459). It also appears in the Dharma Pātañjala (210.1), within a list of foreigners travelling overseas to Java. In this last text, it is also juxtaposed with uñjəman, a term which denotes another category of Persians (perhaps non-Zoroastrians?).
^68. karṣa] A, karṣma C, kasar· B
^69. bahijən], • This series of three terms are not listed in OJED and probably warrant emendation. Possible lessons are kutak, kuruṅ, kliṅ, judi, jalir, pabəsar, all terms appearing among lists of foreigners in inscriptions from the 9th to the 15th century.
^70. tumutuṅ] B, tumut taṅ A C • See OJED mututuṅ?
^71. hiṇḍavan] A B, hiṅḍavan C
^72. marivuṅ] B, parivnaṅ A C
^73. pati] B, mati A C
^74. savinavanya] A C,
^75. hananiṅ grāma] A B, hana nigrama C
^76. apaṇḍe vsi] A C, ... B
^77. samagrig asambevara] em., samagrigəasambehara A, samagrigə sambehara B C
^78. āvukiran] A C, a ukir B
^79. adagaṅ] B, Adaṅ A C
^80. āhuluna] A B, ahulu C
^81. ṅuniveh añjamaha] B, ṅuniheñjamaha A C
^82. sikaranən] A, svikaranən B, pikaranən C
^83. omaha] em., umah A B C • Charters from the Kediri period often have momaha.
^84. palaṅka] B, ḍalaṅka A, phalaṅka B
^85. ajoṅ] A C, ajənva B
^86. apattharaṇa] norm., Apataraṇa A C, apatarana B
^87. prativādhaka] B, *pratipaṅvadaka A C • The intended meaning could alternatively have been prativādaka, ’refusing, contradicting’.
^88. paṇḍita] A B, piṇḍita C
^89. tan] A B, ngan C
^90. ikaṅ] A C, irikaṅ B
^91. āgave] A B, a:gaveḥ C
^92. vulu-vulu] A B, vulu C
^93. paṅuraṅ, kriṅ] em., paṅaraṁ kriṁ A C B
^94. paranakan] em., paranak· A B, parakan C • But see KBW for pranak, perhaps a Balinese specificity or evolution?
^95. vadihaty akudur] em., vadihatya, akudur A C B • See examples in inscriptions of Kediri.
^96. sakveh] A B, sakeḥ C
^97. limus] em., limas A B C
^98. maniga] B, paniga A C
^99. makmitan] A C, pakəmitan B
^100. vilut] A C, viluk B
^101. rakadut] A C, ragadut B
^102. rvaṁ] A C, maṅrva B • See parallel expression in Klungkung inscription C (994 Śaka), lines 3-4: tahilaknanya i sira saṅ admak ākmitanāpigajihe rara aṅkən jyaiṣṭa matlu maṅrvaṅ tahun,.
^103. avita] norm., Avvita A C B • A similar spelling is used for all instances of this word in this paragraph. Ms. LB is the only witness that gives the spelling avita.
^104. 1] em., ba: A C B
^105. ma] B, ha A C
^106. 1] em., ba A C B
^107. siki] A C, sisi B
^108. ma sū 15] B, ha su barūtūr· A, mā su, baur C
^109. amutər] B, AAmutər A C
^110. ma sū 15] B, ma su batūr· A, ma su tur· C
^111. tika kabeh] B, tana:na kabehana A C
^112. paṅdva] A B, paṅdvo C
^113. kapūjān] A C, kapūjā B
^114. dr̥vya hyaṅ] A B, dr̥vyatya C
^115. ārogyan] A B, a:rogya: C
^116. katəguhakna] A B, kakatəguhakna C
^117. yathanyan] norm., yatanyan A C, yavanian B
^118. vnaṅan] em., vnaṅa B, vvaṅ A C
^119. ḍayaṅ] A B, cayaṅ C
^120. kliṅ] B, kniṁ A C
^121. paraśi] em., paraśa A C, paravan B • Give parallel passage: Siksa Kandaṅ?
^122. tañjuṅpura] A, tañjamura B, huñjuṅpura C
^123. buvun] B, buhun A C • The fact that akṣaras va and ha are more or less interchangeable in Old Javanese explains the existence of such variant readings. However, the toponym Buvun has traditionally been edited following this spelling, as in Bujangga Manik and DV (17.5d). It also appears in Siksa Kandaṅ Karəsian (Saleh Danasasmita and Anis Djatisunda 1986) and Sevaka Darma. Buhun appears in Kuñjarakarṇa.
^124. pakahulunən] B, makahulunən A, makatulunən C
^125. vīja] norm., vija A C, vijan B
^126. ndan] A C, don B
^127. bhasmāṅkura] A B, kammagura C
^128. sikaran] A C, svikaran B
^129. samgat] norm., saṅ məgat B, sambat A C
^130. masapy āləmbu] A C, sapya ləmbu B
^131. ānanəm-nanəm] A B C, • This is perhaps synonym to katanəman?
^132. pəṇḍəmən] em., məṇḍəmən A B C
^133. kadəgana] A C, kadi gana B
^134. sikaranən] A C, vikara B
^135. muvah] B C, mavaḥ A
^136. burvan] A C, barvan B
^137. sikaran] norm., sikaran A C, vikaran B
^138. salvit] A C, salvit mvaṅ B
^139. sakeṅ] B, sake A C • For a similar idea that this tasks are carried out sake śrī maharaja, see Sima Anglayang 14r6.
^140. manimpiki] em., manimpiti A, manəmpiki C, minimpiki B
^141. paranakan] em., paranak· A B C
^142. sinagiha] em., senagiha B C, sebhagiha A
^143. pamaṇikan] norm., pamanikan B, pamalikan A C
^144. pabərəkis] norm., • Should one emend pabr̥si? However, that element already stands at the end of this list - actually the subsequent list but not this one precisely, revise? Instead of introducing redundancy, one could retain the lectio difficilior pabərəkis. The verb berekis is not unattested, as its active form ambərəkis appears in the Adhigama (61.19).
^145. salyut] em., kulyut· A B C
^146. tapa haji] B, kapa haji A C
^147. ləca] em., ləva B C, ləra A • We emend although ləva seems to have existed in a number of inscriptions.
^148. taṅhiran] B, taṅkiran· A C
^149. tan tāma] A C, tamtama B
^150. rudradāsa] em., ruddhadaśa A B C
^151. bikaṅ] A B, nikaṅ C
^152. tañjuṅpura] A B, tuñjuṅpura C
^153. baṇyāga] norm., banyaga B, baly aga A C • banyaga in ms. B seems to be the better reading here. Sea-merchants (baṇyāga) occur in Old Javanese inscriptions, including in the reign of Airlangga (Kamalagyan l. 13, Baru l. 26) and seem to have been a prominent group of foreigners at the Javanese courts. The occurrence of the term Bali aga, or ‘Mountain Balinese’, could be an interesting clue pointing to a period of redaction, at least of this portion of the text, in one of the lowland courts of post-Majapahit Bali (see Reuters 2002; Hauser-Schäublin 2004). However, one can also imagine that in the course of transmission, additional items could have been added to preexisting lists by subsequent compilers in order to ‘update them’. In such an eventuality, baly aga would not necessarily have formed part of the present list at the time of the first redaction of this text. Further, the variant reading banyaga could also suggest a different development: this reading could have been misunderstood by a Balinese scribe, who might have reinterpreted this term in light of the sociological reality of his day. See also phenomenon of retroflex ṇa being read as la.
^154. kəḍi] A B, kli C
^155. valyan] B C, valya A
^156. siṅgah] em., sinaṅguḥ A B C
^157. mabr̥si] B, mabvasi A, mabvehsi C
^158. baṇigrāma] A C, ... B
^159. katkana] A C, katəka B
^160. salah] B, alah A C
^161. sikaran] A C, vikaran B
^162. kāṣṭha] norm., kaṣṭa A B C
^163. maṅhris] A B C, • It would be tempting to emend maṅgis, which is more widely represented in kakavin literature, including alongside vulyan or naṅka (Sut 9.3, AVj 34.3; Kor 92), but manuscripts unanimously read maṅhris, which indeed is a very remarkable tree (Koompassia excelsa), most notably for its height. Perhaps see: ki h. II (H.) k.o. shrub or small tree (wood useful for charcoal; also called: ki hurung); see hui, simeut.
^164. pahomana] A C, pahoma B
^165. sikaran] A C, vikaran B
^166. manimpiki] B C, manimpiti A
^167. panaivāsikan] norm., panevaśikan A B C
^168. halapən] A B, hulapən C
^169. atūt] A C, anut B
^170. ri] C B, i A C B
^171. kaśaivan] A C, kaśevakan B
^172. nihan] B, niha A C
^173. brahmacārī] em., brahma:ri A C, brahmanari B
^174. gr̥hasthaś ca] B, gr̥hastha śrūya A C
^175. yathākramāt] norm., yathakramat· A B C
^176. trayāṇāñ] norm., traya:nañ A B C
^177. tasya] em., tasyaṃ A B C, tasiyam B
^178. gaṇanāṅkitam] norm., gananaṅkitam B, galhaṅkikam· A C
^179. grāmastho] em., grāmasjah B, gramastha:ḥ A, gramasvah C
^180. bhikṣukaḥ] B, bhakṣukaḥ A C
^181. yukto] em., yutam A B C
^182. bhaikṣena] em., bhikṣena B, bhikṣela A C • Note, once again the tendency for akṣara na to be misread as la.
^183. vartataḥ] em., partavah B, pārvavaḥ A C
^184. mr̥to] norm., mr̥taḥ A B C
^185. toye] B, toyeḥ A C
^186. nr̥po] conj., nr̥pan A B, dr̥pan C
^187. bhikṣum na] em., bhikṣun na A C, bhikṣuna B
^188. na viṣam viṣam] em., bhaviṣa vviṣam A C B
^189. āhuḥ] norm., ahuḥ A C B
^190. devasvam viṣam] em., devasva vviṣam A B, devasvavmiṣam C
^191. manyate] B, abhyate A C • A case of degemination of akṣara ma at word boundary for ms. B.
^192. deva-dr̥vyaṁ] em., devan dr̥vya:n A C B
^193. tad] em., tam A C B
^194. deva-dr̥vyā] conj., dr̥vyā A B C
^195. tah kumənakən] norm., ta kumənakən B, taṁ tumnakən· A C
^196. deyaniṅ] A B, deniṅ C
^197. paṅasthānanira] A B, paṅasva:nanira A C
^198. səḍaṅanyan] B, sḍaṅan A C
^199. svakāryā] norm., soka:ryya: A B, sakādya C
^200. svakāryānira] em., saka:ryya:nira A B
^201. salīlānira tah] A B C, • The use of the pronominal suffix -nira is erroneous here and would require emending to the personal pronoun sira, unless we assume that the base form is not sira I but sira II. The latter has an active form anira (OJED s.v. sira II) which can be translated, albeit uncertainly, as ‘to be together’.
^202. kna] B, knana A C
^203. riṅ] B, ... A C
^204. turun-turun] A C, turun-turunan B • Both terms appear in epigraphical and literary sources. It is not clear whether these are two distinct types of taxes, or one single concept alternatively designated by two different terms. turun-turun seems to be more frequent in epigraphy (cf. Goris, van Stein Callenfels), so we tentatively edit accordingly.
^205. tapvān] B C, kapva:n A
^206. ta] B, ... A C
^207. śauca] norm., soca B, śobha A C
^208. samaṅkana] B, maṅka A C
^209. viku pjah] A C, vikvar tah C
^210. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
^211. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
^212. thāni] B, va:ni A C
^213. kamūlan] B, ... A C
^214. anapatya] B, matya A C
^215. paranātah] em., paranataḥ A B, paranata C • See below, at the end of this section, the same expression salah parana.
^216. partaya] B, martaya A C
^217. paṅjurvan] norm., pañjurvan A C, panjarvan B
^218. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
^219. yan] em., ya A C
^220. umarpaṇākəna] norm., umārpanakəna A B, umalapanakna C
^221. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
^222. svaryātasya] norm., sva:ryyatasya A B C
^223. hi] em., ti A B C
^224. svadr̥vyam] em., soḥ dr̥vyaṁ* A B C
^225. pustakādikam] norm., pustaka:ḍikam· A C, pustakaditam B
^226. tad] norm., tat A B, tat· ta C
^227. guror] em., guruḥ A B C
^228. vaśam āpannam] em., vasam apanam B, va:śahapannaṁ* C, va:śahar̥pannaṁ* A
^229. bahnaye] conj., bha:nahya A C, banahya B
^230. arhati] em., aḥhati A C, ahati B
^231. abhāvāt] em., ana:vat A C, anata B
^232. tad bhāgaiḥ] B, ad na:gaiḥ A C
^233. devadeva] A, dedevava C, ... B
^234. svabhāgo ’nyaḥ] em., śrubha:go nya A C, ... B
^235. dvitīyaś cāpy] em., dvitiyaśa:py A C, ... B
^236. athāgnaye] em., ada:gnayet· A C, ... B
^237. bhojanaṁ pi] A C, ... B • Note the use of the irregular form bhojanaṁ pi. For the use of pi instead of api following an anusvāra in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, see Schoterman 1978 with reference to Edgerton 1953. An alternative could be to emend bhojane ’pi tr̥tīyaḥ syāt.
^238. niḥsvaḥ] norm., nisva A C, ... B
^239. tanmātraṁ] A, tanmakram C, ... B
^240. tat] em., na A C, ... B
^241. sampradīyate] A, sampradippate C, ... B
^242. svāryagurur dravyaṁ mahat] C, sva:ryya: guruḥ dr̥vyam mahat· A, ... B • Explain that the Skt text as edited by Bhatt is in all probability the original reading. Loss of tasya would have led to some rearrangments in the text as transmitted to us in Balinese mss., notably svaryā to svārya, guror to gurur, and insertion of mahat to regain 8 syllables, altough this stopgap does not yield an acceptable cadence.
^243. vinivedayet] em., viniveśayet A B C
^244. kartavyaṁ] em., tartavyaṁ* B, tarttavyaṁ* C
^245. vibhos] em., vinos A B C
^246. prāsādādikam] B, pra:sadatikam A C
^247. ādarāt] em., atarot· A C, ukarot B
^248. pustakānāṁ] em., pastikaṁ*ni A C, pastikanam B
^249. yathā-jyeṣṭha,] em., yathājyeṣṭaḥ A, yatajiyestah B, yatājyeṣṭi C
^250. kartavyam abhiyuktais] em., vya:turyyat· haṣṭiyuktes A, tyatūryyat· hastiyuktes C, viyakuryat· baktiyuktais B
^251. śiṣyair] em., śiṣyaḥ A C, sisiyah B
^252. nyāyena] em., bhyayaśru A, nyayaśru C, niyayasca B
^253. vāthula] conj., bakula A C, barkula B • The Vāthula seems to be another designation of the Āgneyatantra, one of the twenty-eight "principal" Siddhāntatantras which has no surviving work associated with it. However, a good number of upabhedas, including several recensions of the Kālottara, present themselves as redactions of the Āgneya/Vāthula (Goodall 1998: xlv–xlvi, Goodall 2004: xxiii–xxv).
^254. yatīnāṁ] B, yatana:ṁ A C
^255. pustakādikam] norm., pustakaḍikaṁ* A C B
^256. grāmyebhyas] em., śra:mobhyaḥ A C, gramobiyah B
^257. tan] em., ta A C B
^258. dātavyaṁ] norm., dataviyam B, da:kavyaṁ A C
^259. gurūtsedho] em., guruḥ cchada A C, guruceda B
^260. ‘bhidhīyate] em., vididyate C, vidhidyute A B
^261. panaivāsikan] norm., panevaśikan A B C
^262. ri gə̄ṅny] em., ry agəṅ B, ryy a:{*}gə:ṁny A, yy agə:ṁny C • Or would saṅkā ry agə̄ṅny ārəmbha be grammatically acceptable?
^263. ata] B, ana A C
^264. ri bhaṭāra] A C, ri pada bhaṭāra B
^265. āṅuṅsi] A C, āləṅkipa B
^266. gəgə̄nənira] B C, gəgəṁnənira A
^267. suśāstranirā] em., suśa:ntranira: A B C
^268. tilāhuti] em., tilahoti A B C
^269. sampun] A B C, • Emend sampūrṇa?
^270. parasparopasarpaṇa] A B, parasparopasanapa:na C
^271. kasuśāstran] em., kasuśa:ntran· A B C
^272. kadeyakna] em., padeyakna A B C • Cf. Ślokāntara, kunaṅ kadeyakna de saṅ sādhujana kabeh, and Airlangga inscriptions (kadeyakna taṇḍa rakryān).
^273. makāvə̄r] C, pakāvə̄r A B
^274. upadeśa] A C, paṅupadeśa B
^275. paliddha] conj., paliḍura A C • This term appears in lists of furnitures in the inscriptions dating from or containing material from the time of Mpu Sindok, viz. Vatukura I (5r4, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva) and Paradah II (ta(92)syan lid-lid tlu sanek paliddha), as well as in kakavin poetry (cf. Sumanasāntaka 115.2d, Bhomāntaka). OJED offers s.v. paliḍa ‘a kind of vessel or container for food?’
^276. maṇḍi-maṇḍi] C, ṣaṇḍi-ṣaṇḍi A, saṇḍi-saṇḍi B
^277. brisadi] A C, brisaḍa B
^278. svīkāraṇā] A C, vikarana B
^279. paṅunəṅan] B, maṅuniṅan· A, maṅunəṅan· C
^280. mvaṅ saməgat] em., mvaṅ məgat B, mvi sambat· A C • The paṅunəṅan and the suṅgiṅ are two categories of functionaries which often appear side by side in lists of maṅilala dr̥vya haji. See Pūrvādhigama and Trihuvana.
^281. saṅ mūla] B, samūla A C
^282. pinakaviku] B, sinakaviku A C
^283. citrakāra] B, citraṁka:ra A C
^284. paliddha] conj., paliḍura A C • See supra note X.
^285. ...], • A rather long passage seems to be missing here. The preceding objects appear in epigraphy in lists of ornaments which the beneficiary of grants are allowed to display, so one would expect a term for a general category of objects to follow after salvirniṅ.
^286. mara riṅ] B, masiṁ A C
^287. macaṅkramāta … saṅ prabhu] A C, saṁ banva A C, valilaraṅan· A C, om. B • The reading of Issue in the code, jumping directly from śūdra to salviranya, seems equally satisfactory.
^288. sabanva] em., saṁ banva A C, om. B (larger gap)
^289. salinaraṅan] conj., valilaraṅan· A C, om. B (larger gap)
^290. partaya] B, ma:rthaya A, morthaya C
^291. rāma] A B, ra:pa C
^292. pratyupakaraṇātah] A B, pratyumakaraṇataḥ C
^293. sakāṅkus] A B C, sakaṅkup C
^294. panisik-nisika] A C, panik-nisika B
^295. panahi-tikusa] B, pahitikusa A C
^296. paguṇa-doṣa] B, paṅguṇa-doṣa A C
^297. sirāmpu] B, Arampu A C
^298. ivak hyaṅ] A B, ivak i hyaṁ
^299. kṣetra…juga] B, ... A C (eye-skip) • Emend sakabala-balanya, etc.?
^300. kr̥tānugrahanira] A C B, • Or emend kr̥tānugraha sira? See other examples in Agastyaparva where we have -nira instead of expected sira.
^301. riṅ] B C, ri A
^302. tapa] A B, tama C
^303. pāpanikaṅ] A B, pa:ma C
^304. laṅghyana ri] B, laṅghyanara A C
^305. pātañjala] norm., pratañjala B, patañcala A C
^306. sulambitakən] A B, pulambitakən· C
^307. sarva] A C, sarvasarva B
^308. iṅ ulā magə̄ṅ] A B, iṁ lama:gəṁ C
^309. si pamuṅvan] B, sapamuṅvan· A C • Compare with four inscriptions of Sindok’s time: Alasantan (plate 4, l. 6: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa paṅananniṁ vvīl· si pamuṅvan·), Linggasuntan (face C, l. 36-37: sampallan dening rakṣasā paṅananniṁ vuṅgal si pamuṅvan), Kampak (face C, l. 13: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa, paṅanann iṁ vuIl si pamuṅuAn), and Paradah I (2b11: paṅananniṁ vuIl· si pamuṅuAn).
^310. labuhakən iṅ] norm., ləbvakəniṁ A B C
^311. tuviran] B, kuviran· A C
^312. patyana] B, matyana A C
^313. śaṅkuhən] norm., saṅkuhən A B C • There is no verbal form in the entry s.v. śanku 1 (‘a particular kind of weapon’). The passive irrealis form used here is spelled with an h, which serves to bridge the hiatus between base and suffix -ən.
^314. maliṅ] A B, mali C
^315. saparananyānəmva pāpa] norm., sasarana:nya:n mapa:pa A, saparananyannəmva papa B, sasarakanyan mapa:pa C
^316. sapolahnyānəmva] A B, sapolahnyanḍa C
^317. anəmva] A B, hanḍa C
^318. vuḍuga] norm., huḍuga A C, vuduga B
^319. bisuha] A B, biḍuha C
^320. tuliha, lumpuha] B, lumpuha, tuliha A C
^321. piṅsaptāṅjanma] A, piṅsaptanjanma B, piṁsaptaṅtanma C
^322. atra-paratra] A, atrapatra C
^323. panəmuhenak] em., panəmu inak B, panəmu hinik· A C
^324. saṅ] A B, sa C
^325. r̥ṣiśāsana] A C, R̥ṣiśa:śana Irika: divaśa rahyaṁta ri mḍaṁ, Ampu sidḍa pa:ṇḍita, makon· kumayatnakna, ri kadeyakna hikanaṁ janma manuṣa, C, R̥śiśa:śana C • The fact that the scribe has cancelled the extra text in Issue in the code reinforces my impression that it is an interpolation.

The or ‘Ordinance for the Sages’

List of Witnesses

Metadata of the Edition

Apparatus

Translation Notes

Commentary

Bibliography