The R̥ṣiśāsana or ‘Ordinance for the Sages

Digital Critical Edition and Translation of an Old Javanese Code of Conduct for Hermits

edited by Marine Schoettel, Arlo Griffiths & Timothy Lubin

Current Version: draft, 2024-12-24Z
Still in progress – do not quote without permission.

List of Witnesses

  • A: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands, Leiden University Libraries, Or. 3632 (2)
    • Content:
      • fol. 1r-29v, pp. 1-57: Vratiśāsana
      • fol. 1v-11r, pp. 61-80: R̥ṣiśāsana
      • fol. 11r-21v, p. 80-106: Śaivaśāsana
      • fol. 1v-5r, p. 109-115: Śīlakrama
    • Colophon:
      • Physical Description: Balinese script on lontar, 44 cm
      • History: Provenance unknown, H. N. van der Tuuk bequest, acquired in 1896
    • B: Kirtya Liefrinck-Van der Tuuk, Singaraja, Bali, IIb.78b/1
      • Physical Description: Balinese script on lontar
    • C: Perpustakaan Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Br 144
      • Physical Description: Manuscript copy by Brandes on paper
    • D: Universiteitsbibliotheek, Leiden, the Netherlands, Or. 3958
      • Physical Description: Latin script on paper

    Metadata of the Edition

    • Title: The R̥ṣiśāsana or ‘Ordinance for the Sages’. Digital Critical Edition and Translation of an Old Javanese Code of Conduct for Hermits
    • Text Identifier: DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana
    • Edited by Marine Schoettel, Arlo Griffiths & Timothy Lubin
    • Copyright © 2019-2025 by Marine Schoettel, Arlo Griffiths & Timothy Lubin.

    The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).

    Encoded following the Guide for Encoding Manuscript-Based Critical Editions in the DHARMA Project.

    invocation

    A:1v//0// om̐ namaḥ śivāya //0//

    1

    Introduction (maṅgala)

    nr̥po manuḥ pūrvakadevatāsīt, dattvā suśāstraṁ śivaśāsanākhyam, śaivaiḥ sadā pūjakr̥taiḥ tam evam, prajeśayor namyaṁ śubhāya ciram

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    kaliṅanya, sira bhaṭāra tambeyanira mintonakən āvaknirar paṅanti riṅ rāt, sira ta mūlaniṅ sinaṅguh prabhu riṅ loka madhyapada, mahārāja manu ṅaranira, sira maveh anugraha suśāstra śaivaśāśana ṅaranya, mapakna kaiśvaryānanira ḍaṅ ācārya śaiva, ri tiṅkah saṅ bhujaṅga nityaśāṅutsāha gumavayakən pūjā samādhi riṅ ahorātri, rahina vəṅi tan paṅinak-inak saṅ bhujaṅga mrārthanākən ri svasthāniṅ rat, ṅuniveh ri hayva taṇḍa rakryan makādi ri hajəṅa saṅ prabhu, laṅgəṅanira sinivi riṅ kabhujaṅgan, mvaṅ gavayakna taṅ trikāya paramārtha ṅaranya, ulah, śīla, śabda, lāvan āmbək.

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    2

    The four perfections (caturpāramitā) of the hermits and the pursuit of the realm’s prosperity

    nihanta karakṣaniṅ śīla ṅaranya, maitrī paraduhkha ṅaranya viyoga, sukha karuṇa, tuṣṭi sukha muditā, parasukhaduhkha upekṣā, kamupekṣan,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    gumavayakən kahayvaknaniṅ para kaliṅanikā, maitrī ṅaranika, paraduhkha viyoga ṅaranya, alarāmbəknira tumon duhkhaniṅ len, karuṇā ṅaranikā, paratuṣṭi ṅaranya, enak ambəknira tumon sukhaniṅ len, muditā ṅaranikā,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    kaliṅanya, hayva tan mātmā samodana, kadi sihta ry avakta, maṅkana ta sihanta riṅ len, mvaṅ gavayakna taṅ tutur, tapa, japa, samādhi, mantra, aviparīta, apan tapasvinā, śamarūpam saṅ viku, sama samādhinira, rūpam pinakarūpanira, pinakabratanira, prajābandhu ta sira, masih riṅ sarvajanma, ṅuniveh kahayvaknaniṅ rāt kabeh, dadyaniṅ tahun, laṇḍuṅaniṅ udan, karuhun kadīrghāyuṣakna śrī mahārāja, sakulavarganira, putrapautrāṅśanira, nahan karakṣaniṅ bhuvana de saṅ paṇḍita,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    3

    Distinct bodies of legal precepts and the autonomy of the R̥ṣiśāsana

    mataṅnyan hana rājaśāsana, inajarakən rahyaṅta i məḍaṅ, ampu saṅ siddhapaṇḍita, lvirnya, hana dharmaśāsana, hana rājaśāsana, hana devaśāsana, hana r̥ṣiśāsana, //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    dharmaśāsana ṅaranya, śāsananiṅ patih, vahuta, kalaṅ, gusti, vinəkas, tuha banva, baṇigrāma, baṇigrāmi, juru baṇigrāmi, puhavaṅ, dharmaśāsana ṅaranya //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    rājaśāsana ṅaranya, śāsana saṅ prabhu, sirāmrayatna irikaṅ yuddha, sārasamuccaya, manu-hāgama-mānava, atītānāgata-vartamāna, rājaśāsana ṅaranika //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    devaśāsana ṅaranya, śāśana saṅ saugata, māheśvara, mahābrāhmaṇa, salvirniṅ samayi, putraka, sādhaka, pitāmaha, bhaṭāra parameśvara , salvir ḍaṅ hyaṅ saliṅsiṅan, vulusan, tigaṅ rāt, raja, jambi, air bulaṅ, air asih, maṅulihi, taji, kamūlan, parhyaṅan, devaśāsana ṅaranikā //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    r̥ṣiśāsana ṅaranya, śāsana saṅ paṇḍita, yogīśvara, svatantra, adr̥vya lpas, tan kəna riṅ rājasva, deniṅ śāsana saṅ prabhu ikā, apan saṅ paṇḍita pramāṇa irikaṅ patapan, sira vaśa-vaśitva ry alasnya, gunuṅ kəṇḍəṅnya, ṅkā ta deśa saṅ paṇḍita, tan ulah-ulahən ta saṅ paṇḍita, deniṅ rāt kabeh, karuhun saṅ prabhu, ya tatan kəneṅ rājaśāsana ṅaranya,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra, sira ta sinaṅguh caturjanma ṅaranya, acaṅkrama pva sira riṅ patapan, ry asthāna saṅ paṇḍita, tan parabyāpārātaḥ sira, salvirniṅ tinanəmnira riṅ patapanira, kadyaṅganiṅ pucaṅ sərəh, nyū, tal, hano, pisaṅ, talə̄s, uvi, təbu, saprakāra, ṅuniveh taṅ bañak, itik, ayam, manuk iṅ kuruṅan, vəḍus, saA:3vpi, kbo, saprakāra riṅ patapanira, tan parabyāpārahata sira, salvirniṅ kavvaṅanira, taṇḍa rakryan, paməgət, mantri, hulun haji, tan parabyāpāra tapva i sira,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    4

    Privileges: ownership of controlled types of property

    muvah vənaṅ sirāpaṭāraṇa kuniṅ, asurāga kuniṅ , apayuṅ joṅ kuniṅ, saprakāra, arəgaṅa, acuriṅa, muvah yadyapin sira katəkana pati riṅ patapan, salviraniṅ kavvaṅanira, lvirnya, taṇḍa rakryan, paməgət, hulun aji, mantri, rājaputra, rājaputrī, ṅuniveh taṅ sarvajanma, mambaṅ, havaṅ, *parasi, uñjəman, *karṣa, *juhut, *bahijən, tumutuṅ janma *savūk-savūk, *hiṇḍavan, mumuhan, sulap, timur, marivuṅ, pujut, jəṅgi, boṇḍan, aluṅ, kəmir, kəḍi, valyan, saprakāraniṅ janmanya, katəkana pati riṅ patapan, savinavanya muvah ri hananiṅ grāma, kaniṣṭhamadhyamottama, umuṅsir i həbnira riṅ patapan, lvirnya, A:4rapaṇḍe vsi, apaṇḍe mās, salviraniṅ apaṇḍe, ṅuniveh samagrig asambevara, avalijāvukiran, adagaṅ amalantən,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    vnaṅ sirāhuluna pujut, boṇḍan, kəmir, salviraniṅ sakeṅ sabraṅ, ṅuniveh añjamaha rare kavula tan sikaranən, saṅ maṅanti riṅ patapan, ṅuniveh sabhūṣaṇānira, omaha pañca-bale, anusuna palaṅka binubut, ajoṅ kuniṅ, hapayuṅ putih pinagut lavan vuluṅ, apattharaṇa vuluṅ kuniṅ, tan prativādhaka saṅ prabhu irikā, maṅkana rasa pavəkas saṅ siddha mahāpuruṣa //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    5

    Tax exemptions

    kelu ləpasikā, saṅ paṇḍita pramāṇa irikā, tan byāpāra hata ikaṅ rāt kabeh, karuhun saṅ prabhu, ya tatan kəna riṅ rājaśāsana ṅaranya, apan saṅ paṇḍita vəkasniṅ janma, sirāgave paraniṅ kaniṣṭhamadhyamottama, luməpasakna pāpanikaṅ sarvajanma, tumut taṅ maṅilala dr̥vya haji, vulu-vulu magəṅ aḍmit, paṅuraṅ, kriṅ, paranakan, *para prah, vadihaty akudur, sakveh saṅ makəmit vatəs, tan tama riṅ saṅ paṇḍita, limus galuh, paṅaruhan, maniga, vuṅkal tajəm, manimpiki, vuṅkal umalaṅ, makmitan sipat vilut, paṅunəṅan, suṅgiṅ, rakadut, sukun, ma rvaṁ tuhan, avita, ma ka 1, aṅuñjal rvaṅ viji, avita, ma ka 1, apadāti rvaṅ siki, avita, ma sū 15, amutər rvaṅ lumpaṅ, avita, ma sū 15,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    kapva tika kabeh , tan knana paṅgaṅsal, mvaṅ paṅdva mās, apan pamahayva kapūjān, mvaṅ dr̥vya hyaṅ paknanya de mpuṅkv iṅ kaśaivan, *yathanyan svasthaṅ bhūvana, karuhun kasvasthadīrghāyurārogyan saṅ prabhu, sakulasantānanira, maṅkana don saṅ hyaṅ ājñā haji śaivāśāsana, inanugrahakən i sirāmpu riṅ kaśaiA:5rvan, katəguhakna mpuṅku *yathanyan paripūrṇa pāduka śrī mahārāja,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    6

    The hermits’ right to take wives

    muvah ri vnaṅan mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan marabya ḍayaṅ, bikaṅ, havaṅ, mambaṅ, jəṅgi, ri sḍəṅanyan tikla vsinya, ṅuniveh boṇḍan, *klente, meñco, tarahan, kliṅ, paraśi, tañjuṅpura, buvun, pujut, ityevamādi, salvirniṅ sarvajanma, pakahulunən denira mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, tan pakanimittaṅ vīja, ndan yan bhasmāṅkura sira, tan sikaran ta sira, de saṅ paməgat air haji , mvaṅ samgat huñjəman,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    7

    Property of cattle and crops; use of animals for ritual purposes

    vnaṅa ta sira masapy āləmbu sādhananira sumiddhakən kapūjān, vnaṅa ta sirādvala ulihnirānanəm-nanəm, kunaṅ yan mati kaṅ ləmbu, saṅaskāran rumuhun, kaməna pəṇḍəmən, kadəgana denira paḍa bhujaṅga rva lavan təlu, mvaṅ rāma ri paṅasthānanira, tan sikaranən ta sira de samgat air haji, mvaṅ samgat huñjəA:5vman,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    muvah ri vnaṅanirāmūjākna karuṅ, ulā sava, asu sör, baḍavaṅ, burvan mati riṅ ālas alapənira, mvaṅ taluvah, vəḍus padu, tan sikaran ta sira de samgat sinagiha, ṅuniveh samgat salvit paṅasthānan saṅ hyaṅ kapūjān,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    8

    Immunity from inspectors of the royal revenue

    mvaṅ tan kna riṅ vulu-vulu magəṅ aḍəmit, sakeṅ pāduka śrī mahārāja, lvirnya, miśra, para miśra, paṅuraṅ, kriṅ, manimpiki, paranakan, limus galuh, təpuṅ kavuṅ, limbaṅ kavah, maṅhuri, sinagiha, pavəlaṅ-vəlaṅ, palamak, paṅgare, pamaṇikan, *pavakarma, pabərəkis, kala pituṅ, pakalaṅkaṅ, salyut, taṅkil, trəpan, avur, paṅaruhan, tapa haji, air haji, vatu tajəm, suṅka, dhūra, malandaṅ, ləca, aləb-ələb, vidu maṅiduṅ, taṅhiran, samar paḍəm, sakvehniṅ maṅilāla dr̥vya haji vulu-vulu magə̄ṅ aḍəmit, saprakāra kabeA:6rh ya tika tan tāma ri sira mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, tka riṅ mpuṅku riṅ *panaivāsikan , sira ta kinonakən kayatnākna, de pāduka śrī mahārāja, saṅka ri gə̄ṅnyāmbək śrī mahārāja, ikā təguhakna saṅ hyaṅ śaivaśāsana, an prasiddha rudradāsa śrī mahārāja,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    ri səḍaṅnyan hana, havaṅ, mambaṅ, ḍayaṅ, bikaṅ, jəṅgi, parasi, kliṅ, meñco, pujut, *klente, boṇḍan, tarahan tañjuṅpura, baṇyāga, kəḍi, valyan, hulun haji, siṅgah, mabr̥si, vatək ri jro, avuluṅ-vuluṅ, baṇigrāma baṇigrāmi, səḍaṅanyan paṅhinəpa riṅ kabhujaṅgan, katkana ta ya lara, matya ta ya ṅkā riṅ kabhujaṅgan, salah matya kunaṅ, tan sikaran ata mpuṅku saṅ paṅinəpan,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    9

    Forbidden trees

    maṅkanaṅ kayu laraṅan, kady aṅgāniṅ *pəyəh, naṅka, jati, kāṣṭha, *puntaja, kayu ləmah, *maṅhris, vulyan, mvaṅ sakveA:6vhniṅ kayu riṅ vatəs, pahomana, paṅktya, samiddha , sapakənanya denira mpuṅku, riṅ kamaheśvaran, tan sikaran ata sira de samgat manimpiki, mvaṅ samgat makudur,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    10

    The possessions of the head of the community

    mvaṅ riṅ sadr̥vyanira mpuṅkv iṅ kaśaivan, tka mpuṅku saṅ tamolah riṅ panaivāsikan, saprakārani dr̥vyānira, makādi dr̥vyā hyaṅ, ahalən deniṅ duṣṭa, an halapən, tan təbusən sakatəmvanya, denira mpu riṅ kaśaivan, apan kunaṅ-kunaṅ atūt gunuṅ tatvaniṅ dr̥vyāniṅ kadi sira viku ,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    muvah yan hana sukha-duhkha, mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan tan kna riṅ lūdan tūtan, maṇḍi-halādi, sakvehnya kabeh, tan tamā ri sira mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, apan dr̥vyāmadr̥vyā sira, ajinya nihan

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    // brahmacārī gr̥hasthaś ca, vānaprastho yathākramāt, trayāṇāñ ca gr̥hasthatvam, tasya yad gaṇanāṅkitam // 1

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    • gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho yatistathā

    grāmastho bhikṣukaḥ kṣetre, A:7ryukto bhaikṣena vartataḥ, mr̥to bhikṣuḥ patan toye, nr̥po bhikṣum na doṣayet //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    na viṣam viṣamity āhuḥ, devasvam viṣam manyate, iha loke viṣam anyat , deva-dr̥vyaṁ tad eva tu //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    • Such subhāṣitas borrowed from the Dharmaśāstras and defining the property of Brahmins as the most terrible poison occur frequently in the minatory portions of Sanskrit charters from the Indian subcontinent. See for instance charters of the Eastern Calukyas, Western Gaṅgas. In the context of land grants, they insist that the king should never appropriate the property of Brahmins. There are many known variants, focusing around either brahma-svam or deva-svam. Some examples are enumerated in Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, p. 190, n. 98. I have not found any literary or epigraphic parallels for pādas c and d however.

    nahan ta saṅ hyaṅ āgama, marahakən yan deva-dr̥vyā svadr̥vyānira, mataṅnyan tan gəma-gəmahatah kumənakən dr̥vyāniṅ kadi sira,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    11

    Relationship between the hermits and the laymen outside the monastic institution

    nihan ta deyaniṅ rāma ri paṅasthānanira mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, ri səḍaṅanyan hana svakāryānira magə̄ṅ aḍmit, tan vidhinən āta sira svakāryānira, tan pintanātah sira salvirniṅ taḍah, salīlānira tah , apan bhujaṅga sira, mvaṅ tan knatah sira riṅ turun-turun sarakut sagəm, sakupaṅ sātak, padəg-adəg, lakva-lakvan, tuṇḍan, durugan, hayvan, mvaṅ valagara, arabya-halakyānaknira, alapən āṅalapa, alapənn anaknira deniṅ vāhyā, mvaṅ anaknira tapvān adīkṣā kunaṅ, arabya anaknira vāhyā, tan knana ta sira deniṅ rāma, mvaṅ tan knana laṅkah avu, arabyā vulañjar raṇḍa kunaṅ, yan pəjah lakinya, kaniṣṭhamadhyamottama, jalunya pjah, apan śauca tattvanira mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, maṅkana liṅ saṅ hyaṅ śaivaśāsana, katguhakna mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan ri kramanira, yathānyan paripūrṇa sira,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    12

    Disposal of a hermit’s possessions

    samaṅkana yan hana viku pjah anapatya, ana pva dr̥vyānira salviranya, mvaṅ saṅgvananira saṅ viku pəjah anapatya, yan riṅ grāma, riṅ sīma, riṅ pəkən, thāni sumbul kunaṅ, kakalaṅan, kamūlan, kalagyān, parhyaṅan, kuṭi patapan, ṅuniveh yan hana gurukulavāsi, sira saṅ guru atah pramāṇa, umalapa dr̥vyā saṅ viku pəjah anapatya, tan salah paranātah mvaṅ tan parabyāpāra de taṇḍa rakryan makabehan, mvaṅ nāyaka, partaya, apiṅhe, mavaju, punta, rāma, vinəkas, gusti, paṅjurvan, hulu vrāsA:8r, atur tali, ser, pakənanya, pūjākna i saṅ hyaṅ śivāgni, mvaṅ ri kevyənika saṅ viku pəjah anapatya, maṅkana pakənanikaṅ dr̥vyā denira saṅ guru, tan alapənira juga,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    kunaṅ yan tan hana saṅ guru, guruputra, jyeṣṭhaputra, ḍəṅən sanak, ṅuniveh svavarganira riṅ dharma, umalapa sadr̥vyānira, umarpaṇākəna ya ri bhaṭāri, mvaṅ ri saṅ hyaṅ śivāgni, lāvan māveha tarpaṇa ri saṅ viku pəjah anapatya, tan salah parana mvaṅ tan alapən juga, ajinya nihan:

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    // svaryātasya hi svadr̥vyam, yat kiñ cit pustakādikam, tad guror vaśam āpannam, bahnaye dātum arhati //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    adaptation
    • svaśiṣyakas tu yad dravyaṁ yat kiṁ cit pustakādikam tad guror vaśam āpannam anyebhyo dātum arhati

      No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    • .

    // guror abhāvāt tad bhāgaiḥ, tribhiḥ kāryaṁ mahātmabhiḥ, devadevasvabhāgo ’nyaḥ, dvitīyaś cāpy athāgnaye //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    adaptation
    • guror abhāvāt tadbhāvabhāvāc chāstrāṇi kārayet mahad dhi devadevāya dvitīyaṁ cāpy athāgnaye

      No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

      ” .
    • .

    bhojanaṁ pi tr̥tīyasya, niḥsvaḥ syād athavā yatiḥ, tanmātraṁ yasya tan nāsti, tat tasmai sampradīyate //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    adaptation
    • bhājanādi tr̥tīyaṁ tu nisve syād athavā yadi tanmātraṁ yasya tan nāsti tat tasya tu pradāpayet

      No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    svāryagurur dravyaṁ mahat, devāya A:8vvinivedayet, kartavyaṁ hi vibhos tena, prāsādādikam ādarāt //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    adaptation
    • svaryātasya guror dravyaṁ devāya vinivedayet kartavyaṁ ca vibhos tena prāsādādikam ādarāt

      No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    pustakānāṁ yathā-jyeṣṭha,-krameṇa paripālanam, kartavyam abhiyuktais tu, śiṣyair nyāyena sarvadā // 0 //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    adaptation
    • pustakānāṁ yathā-jyeṣṭha-krameṇa paripālanam kartavyam abhiyuktais tu śiṣyair nyāyena sarvadā

      No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    nāhan tāji bvat saṅ hyaṅ mataṅga, nihan ajinya ri saṅ hyaṅ vāthula

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    // 0 // yatīnāṁ putra yad dravyaṁ, yat kiñ cit pustakādikam, grāmyebhyas tan na dātavyaṁ, gurūtsedho ‘bhidhīyate //

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    maṅkana liṅ saṅ hyaṅ āgama, sira ta kinonakən śrī mahārāja kayatnakna mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan makabehan, təka ri mpuṅku tamolah riṅ panaivāsikan, saṅkā ri gə̄ṅny ārəmbha mahārāja manu ri mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    13

    Religious service of the ascetics

    kunaṅ pva deya mpuṅku, hayva tan atutur i sabratanira sovaṅ-sovaṅ, mvaṅ kārya-cāranira, agələm ata sirāmūjā ri bhaṭāra sāri-sāri, *sāttvikāṅuṅsi gurūpadeśa, tan gavayakna *grāmyakarma, tan ananiṅ analavaha, kevalya saṅ hyaṅ kabhujaṅgan juga gəgə̄nənira, yathānyan mapagəha suśāstranirā ry avaknira,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    muvah piṅsorny ājñā śrī mahārāja, ri sḍaṅ ampuṅku ri kaśaivan, gumavayakən ikā pūjā-bali-karma, ṅuniveh ikaṅ yajñahoma, ghr̥tatilāhuti , divārātri riṅ rahina vəṅi, makaphala laṇḍuṅaniṅ hudan, dādyaniṅ tahun, svasthāniṅ rāt, karuhun jaya-dirghāyur-ārogyā pāduka śrī mahārāja sakula-santānanira, muvah sampun meṅət pāduka śrī mahārāja an parasparopasarpaṇa, kramanira mvaṅ saṅ viku,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    14

    More tax exemptions

    nāhan ta gatinyan mapagəh kasuśāstran saṅ viku mvaṅ mpuṅku riṅ kaśaivan makabehan, mvaṅ kadeyakna saṅ ser, riṅ səḍaṅ ampuṅku ri kaśaivan, makāvə̄r iṅ kāryāhayu, riṅ upadeśa, ṅuniveh ri svadeśanira, kadyaṅgāniṅ vimāna, *paliddha, maṇḍi-maṇḍi, bvat hyaṅ, brisadi, *tiləm-tiləm, A:9v salvirniṅ gave magə̄ṅ, umah-umahan, aləhakna sarvavarṇa , tan svīkāraṇātah deniṅ *paṅunəṅan, mvaṅ saməgat suṅgiṅ, apan saṅ mūlakāryātah pintana *lvir-lvir, hayva mpuṅku saṅ pinakaviku pinintan *lvir-lvir, apan gave i jəro ṅaranikā, maṅkanā deyanika saṅ citrakāra, səḍaṅ ampuṅku riṅ kaśaivan, pātrakāsihana gavaya vimāna, paliddha, paṅhavvan, palaṅka, salvirniṅ ... hyaṅ r̥ṣiśāsana, katəguhakna de saṅ aneṅ āśramanira sovaṅ-sovaṅ, ṅuniveh katəmvaniṅ strī laraṅan, tan dayan ata saṅ r̥ṣi, siṅ mara riṅ patapan, kadyaṅganiṅ caturjanma, brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra, macaṅkramāta riṅ patapan, amava sabhūṣaṇanya , sakavava ri patapan atah, pramāṇa sabhūṣaṇanya, kavāva riṅ patapan, tan kilalanən de saṅ ratu, tan kavāva riṅ rāma, tan ucapən deniṅ śūdra, ṅuniveh sabanva uṅgvānira, salinaraṅan saṅ prabhu, salviranya, sakāvakanya, sarūpanya, tan kəna riṅ rājaśikṣa, ṅuniveh patih vahuta, nayaka, partaya, rāma, tan pratyupakaraṇātah, i sira mpu riṅ patapan, ṅuniveh ikaṅ sāmānya-janma kabeh, sakāṅkus deniṅ sayavadvīpamaṇḍala,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    tan paṅavun-avuna, tan panisik-nisika, tan muṅil-muṅila, tan panahi-tikusa, tan paguṇa-doṣa sirāmpu ri patapan, tan kəna sira riṅ ivak hyaṅ, apan ya sakahananira juga, kṣetra svatantra, tan paṅekadeśa kavənaṅnira, tan pahiṅan kaliṅanya yan iṅ paradeśa sakabalanya-balanya, sakasīmanya-sīmanya, sakadharmanya-dharmanya, nitya laṅgəṅa juga kavənaṅnira mpu riṅ patapan, apan uvus kr̥tānugrahanira denira rahyaṅta saṅ apūrbvacakra riṅ mḍaṅ, tlas karuhun ikaṅ saṅaskāranira ri saṅ hyaṅ śivopakaraṇa, brata, tapa, samādhi, i kaləpasaniṅ pāpanikaṅ sarva-janma mānuṣa kabeh,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    15

    Curse section

    kunaṅ yan hana humambaha ikaṅ *kinohutakənira rahyaṅta kaṇḍyavan, vaA:10vstu laṅghyana ri ājñā pāduka rahyaṅta ika, salviraniṅ jagat-upadrava təmahanya.

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    indah ta kita kamuṅ hyaṅ pañcamahābhūta, kuśika, garga, metri, kuruṣya, pātañjala, sikəp bvaṅakən iṅ ākāśa, səmpal sulambitakən sarvasandhiny avaknya, riṅ bhūta kabeh, yan pareṅ alas dmakən iṅ macan, sahutən iṅ ulā magə̄ṅ, paṅanən deniṅ rākṣasa, yan mariṅ təgal sambərən iṅ gəlap tan pahudan, sahutən iṅ ḍəṅən, paṅanən deniṅ vvil si pamuṅvan, yan mariṅ tasik labuhakneṅ samudra, yan mareṅ lvah labuhakən iṅ ravuhan, alapən de hyaṅ daləm air, cakəpən iṅ vuhaya, saṅhapən iṅ tuviran, yan iṅ havan hanaṇḍuṅa ruyuṅ āvuk, praṅən iṅ abət , patyana deniṅ amūk, *śaṅkuhən iṅ curik, yan lumaku riṅ vṅi tvəkən iṅ maliṅ, sahutən deniṅ ulā biṣa,

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    saparananyānəmva pāpa, sapolahnyānəmva duhkha, anəmva sarva-roga, busuṅa, vuḍuga, tan pānaka, bisuha, tuliha, lumpuha, piṅsaptavimba pātaka, piṅsaptāṅjanma amaṅgiha roga sadakāla, təka riṅ atra-paratra, tan panəmuhenak janmanya, maṅkana tinəmunikaṅ vvaṅ laṅghanāṅruddhā ājñā pāduka rahyaṅta saṅ pūrbvacakra riṅ məḍaṅ, yan caturjanma aṅruddhā dharma, astu ləburāvu təmahanya.

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana


    colophon

    iti saṅ hyaṅ r̥ṣiśāsana

    namaḥ norm.
    nama A B C D
    nr̥po norm.
    nr̥paḥ B A D C
    pūrvakadevatāsīt B
    pūrvvatadevata:sət Apūrvvatadetasət C D
    Note the use of the term devatā, which is used in epigraphy within curse formulas since the Central Javanese period (inscriptions of Mantyasih from 829 Śaka, Sugih Manek from 837 Śaka) to invoke the spirits of royal ancestors (van Naerssen 1976: 301–302; de Casparis and Mabbett 1999: 310). In the Mantyasih inscription of king Balitung we find a clear illustration of the inclusion of the names of deceased rulers under the designation rahyaṅta rumuhun, a formula which is later replaced by devata prasiddha.
    dattvā norm.
    da:tva Adatva B
    suśāstraṁ em.
    suśa:ntraṁ* B A Dsuśantraṅ C
    śivaśāsanākhyam norm.
    śiva:śa:śanakyaṁ* Asivasasanakiyam Bśaṣakyəṅ C D
    śaivaiḥ norm.
    śaivai A Dsaiveh Bśove C
    sadā pūjakr̥taiḥ em.
    seda:paja- A C Dsadapaja- B
    tam evam em.
    tumevaṁ* A B Dtumeviṅ C
    prajeśayor namyaṁ em.
    prajasya:yo naṁ*ya A Bprajasyayo nəṁya C
    śubhāya ciram norm.
    subhāyabhiram A C Dsubhaya ciram B
    Read cīram.
    mintonakən A B D
    mintonakəka C
    āvaknirar paṅanti B
    āvaknira maṅanti A C D
    maveh A C
    vehən Bmadeva D
    suśāstra A C
    susanta Bsura:stra D
    paṅinak-inak A B D
    paṅinak-ənak C
    hajəṅa A C D
    rahajəṅga B
    sinivi A D C
    sivi B
    riṅ kabhujaṅgan em.
    kabhujaṅgan Bkebhujaṅgan A Dkenujaṅgan C
    The presence of a taling in A and C is a clue to the presence of a short segment of text between sinivi and kabhujaṅgan in the original. I assume that a copist would have misread particle riṅ for a vocalic mark. Compare with the numerous occurrences of the expression sinivi riṅ.
    ulah, śīla, A B C D
    Parallels in many other texts do not include śīla after ulah in this series of three. So it seems that śīla was meant to gloss ulah, specifying that good conduct is the type of action intended here, among the variety of meanings ulah can take. It should not be considered as a fourth element.
    nihan em.
    nahan A B C D
    maitrī em.
    metri A Bmet riṅ C
    sukha karuṇa B
    ... A C D
    tuṣṭi A C D
    tusta B
    kamupekṣan A B D
    kapupekṣan C
    maitrī ṅaranika L B
    ... A C B D
    samodana B
    samoḍana A
    tapasvinā em.
    tapasvinam A Btapthasminam C
    śamarūpam em.
    samarūpam Bsamarūpəm Asamarupək C
    pinakarūpanira A C
    pinakarusanira B
    pinakabratanira
    It seems that some text has been lost in front of pinakabratanira. In particular, one would expect something like ikā ta kabeh, or an equivalent formula. Revise this in view of TL’s explanation.
    prajābandhu em.
    prajavanda Aprajavanda B
    The term vandhu appears occasionally in Sanskritized compounds or collocations in Old Javanese texts such as Deśavarṇana (18.6b, vandhuvarga; 31.2b vandhu haji), but rather in its meaning of ‘relation, family’ than ‘friend’. The emendation nonetheless seems preferable to the reading -bandha.
    udan A B
    udun C
    mataṅnyan B
    mantaṅnyan Amantaṅṅan C
    məḍaṅ A B
    mbaṅ C
    puhavaṅ em.
    mpu havaṁ A B C
    sirāmrayatna A C
    sira prayatna B
    manu-hāgama-mānava em.
    manuhagamanava A C Dmanusasana, manuraga, manava B
    deva A B
    sadeva C
    māheśvara norm.
    maheśvara A B C
    parameśvara A C D
    maheśvara B
    air bulaṅ A C D
    ... B
    air asih B
    air asi A C
    parhyaṅan norm.
    pāryaṅan A B C
    r̥ṣi A B
    sar̥ṣi C
    adr̥vya em.
    dr̥vya A B C
    lpas B
    lḍas Adərlas Clphas D
    ry alas A C D
    yar alas B
    prabhu A B D
    ... C
    rājaśāsana ṅaranya
    It seems likely that the text is incomplete here. Restore: rājaśāsana, r̥ṣiśāsana ṅaranya.
    brāhmaṇa B C
    hrahma:ṇa: A
    pva em.
    ta A B C D
    Emending to pva in this subordinate clause allows to reconstruct a ta - pva correlation, with the particle ta in the principal clause that follows (tan parabyāpāra ta sira). Oftentimes in Balinese manuscripts particles ta and pva appear to be used interchangeably, with the result that ta may well occur where one would expect pva, as it seems to be the case here.
    ry asthāna A D
    yar stana Byyasthana C
    parabyāpārātaḥpucaṅ A B D
    ... C
    sərəh, nyū A B D
    sərəhnya C
    talə̄s A B
    talis C
    bañak B C
    baba:k A
    parabyāpāra A B
    patabvā para C
    salvirniṅ kavvaṅanira, taṇḍa rakryan, paməgət, mantri, hulun haji, tan parabyāpāra tapva i sira A B
    ... C
    āpaṭāraṇa norm.
    a:patharaṇa A B C
    The normalized spelling follows OJED, although the epigraphical record shows a preponderance for spelling pataraṇa with dental t and short a.
    kuniṅ A C
    kunəṁ B
    asurāga kuniṅ A C
    asaraga kunəṁ B
    apayuṅ joṅ kuniṅ A C
    saprakara apayuṅ kuniṅ
    acuriṅa
    ... A C
    pati B
    mati A C
    parasi norm.
    paraṣi A B C
    This ethnonym is rare but not absent from Old Javanese inscriptions. Damais (1970: 758) records four occurrences in Old Javanese inscriptions, and one in an Old Sundanese manuscript (Holle 1867: 459). It also appears in the Dharma Pātañjala (210.1), within a list of foreigners travelling overseas to Java. In this last text, it is also juxtaposed with uñjəman, a term which denotes another category of Persians (perhaps non-Zoroastrians?).
    karṣa A
    karṣma Ckasar· B
    bahijən
    This series of three terms are not listed in OJED and probably warrant emendation. Possible lessons are kutak, kuruṅ, kliṅ, judi, jalir, pabəsar, all terms appearing among lists of foreigners in inscriptions from the 9th to the 15th century.
    tumutuṅ B
    tumut taṅ A C
    See OJED mututuṅ?
    hiṇḍavan A B
    hiṅḍavan C
    marivuṅ B
    parivnaṅ A C
    pati B
    mati A C
    savinavanya A Chananiṅ grāma A B
    hana nigrama C
    apaṇḍe vsi A C
    ... B
    samagrig asambevara em.
    samagrigəasambehara Asamagrigə sambehara B C
    āvukiran A C
    a ukir B
    adagaṅ B
    Adaṅ A C
    āhuluna A B
    ahulu C
    ṅuniveh añjamaha B
    ṅuniheñjamaha A C
    sikaranən A
    svikaranən Bpikaranən C
    omaha em.
    umah A B C
    Charters from the Kediri period often have momaha.
    palaṅka B
    ḍalaṅka Aphalaṅka B
    ajoṅ A C
    ajənva B
    apattharaṇa norm.
    Apataraṇa A Capatarana B
    prativādhaka B
    *pratipaṅvadaka A C
    The intended meaning could alternatively have been prativādaka, ’refusing, contradicting’.
    paṇḍita A B
    piṇḍita C
    tan A B
    ngan C
    ikaṅ A C
    irikaṅ B
    āgave A B
    a:gaveḥ C
    vulu-vulu A B
    vulu C
    paṅuraṅ, kriṅ em.
    paṅaraṁ kriṁ A C B
    paranakan em.
    paranak· A Bparakan C
    But see KBW for pranak, perhaps a Balinese specificity or evolution?
    vadihaty akudur em.
    vadihatya, akudur A C B
    See examples in inscriptions of Kediri.
    sakveh A B
    sakeḥ C
    limus em.
    limas A B C
    maniga B
    paniga A C
    makmitan A C
    pakəmitan B
    vilut A C
    viluk B
    rakadut A C
    ragadut B
    rvaṁ A C
    maṅrva B
    See parallel expression in Klungkung inscription C (994 Śaka), lines 3-4: tahilaknanya i sira saṅ admak ākmitanāpigajihe rara aṅkən jyaiṣṭa matlu maṅrvaṅ tahun,.
    avita norm.
    Avvita A C B
    A similar spelling is used for all instances of this word in this paragraph. Ms. LB is the only witness that gives the spelling avita.
    1 em.
    ba: A C B
    ma B
    ha A C
    1 em.
    ba A C B
    siki A C
    sisi B
    ma sū 15 B
    ha su batūr· Amā su, baur C
    amutər B
    AAmutər A C
    ma sū 15 B
    ma su batūr· Ama su tur· C
    tika kabeh B
    tana:na kabehana A C
    paṅdva A B
    paṅdvo C
    kapūjān A C
    kapūjā B
    dr̥vya hyaṅ A B
    dr̥vyatya C
    ārogyan A B
    a:rogya: C
    katəguhakna A B
    kakatəguhakna C
    yathanyan norm.
    yatanyan A Cyavanian B
    vnaṅan em.
    vnaṅa Bvvaṅ A C
    ḍayaṅ A B
    cayaṅ C
    kliṅ B
    kniṁ A C
    paraśi em.
    paraśa A Cparavan B
    Give parallel passage: Siksa Kandaṅ?
    tañjuṅpura A
    tañjamura Bhuñjuṅpura C
    buvun B
    buhun A C
    The fact that akṣaras va and ha are more or less interchangeable in Old Javanese explains the existence of such variant readings. However, the toponym Buvun has traditionally been edited following this spelling, as in Bujangga Manik and DV (17.5d). It also appears in Siksa Kandaṅ Karəsian (Saleh Danasasmita and Anis Djatisunda 1986) and Sevaka Darma. Buhun appears in Kuñjarakarṇa.
    pakahulunən B
    makahulunən Amakatulunən C
    vīja norm.
    vija A Cvijan B
    ndan A C
    don B
    bhasmāṅkura A B
    kammagura C
    sikaran A C
    svikaran B
    samgat norm.
    saṅ məgat Bsambat A C
    masapy āləmbu A C
    sapya ləmbu B
    ānanəm-nanəm A B C
    This is perhaps synonym to katanəman?
    pəṇḍəmən em.
    məṇḍəmən A B C
    kadəgana A C
    kadi gana B
    sikaranən A C
    vikara B
    muvah B C
    mavaḥ A
    burvan A C
    barvan B
    sikaran norm.
    sikaran A Cvikaran B
    salvit A C
    salvit mvaṅ B
    sakeṅ B
    sake A C
    For a similar idea that this tasks are carried out sake śrī maharaja, see Sima Anglayang 14r6.
    manimpiki em.
    manimpiti Amanəmpiki Cminimpiki B
    paranakan em.
    paranak· A B C
    sinagiha em.
    senagiha B Csebhagiha A
    pamaṇikan norm.
    pamanikan Bpamalikan A C
    pabərəkis norm.
    Should one emend pabr̥si? However, that element already stands at the end of this list - actually the subsequent list but not this one precisely, revise? Instead of introducing redundancy, one could retain the lectio difficilior pabərəkis. The verb berekis is not unattested, as its active form ambərəkis appears in the Adhigama (61.19).
    salyut em.
    kulyut· A B C
    tapa haji B
    kapa haji A C
    ləca em.
    ləva B Cləra A
    We emend although ləva seems to have existed in a number of inscriptions.
    taṅhiran B
    taṅkiran· A C
    tan tāma A C
    tamtama B
    rudradāsa em.
    ruddhadaśa A B C
    bikaṅ A B
    nikaṅ C
    tañjuṅpura A B
    tuñjuṅpura C
    baṇyāga norm.
    banyaga Bbaly aga A C
    banyaga in ms. B seems to be the better reading here. Sea-merchants (baṇyāga) occur in Old Javanese inscriptions, including in the reign of Airlangga (Kamalagyan l. 13, Baru l. 26) and seem to have been a prominent group of foreigners at the Javanese courts. The occurrence of the term Bali aga, or ‘Mountain Balinese’, could be an interesting clue pointing to a period of redaction, at least of this portion of the text, in one of the lowland courts of post-Majapahit Bali (see Reuters 2002; Hauser-Schäublin 2004). However, one can also imagine that in the course of transmission, additional items could have been added to preexisting lists by subsequent compilers in order to ‘update them’. In such an eventuality, baly aga would not necessarily have formed part of the present list at the time of the first redaction of this text. Further, the variant reading banyaga could also suggest a different development: this reading could have been misunderstood by a Balinese scribe, who might have reinterpreted this term in light of the sociological reality of his day. See also phenomenon of retroflex ṇa being read as la.
    kəḍi A B
    kli C
    valyan B C
    valya A
    siṅgah em.
    sinaṅguḥ A B C
    mabr̥si B
    mabvasi Amabvehsi C
    baṇigrāma A C
    ... B
    katkana A C
    katəka B
    salah B
    alah A C
    sikaran A C
    vikaran B
    kāṣṭha norm.
    kaṣṭa A B C
    maṅhris A B C
    It would be tempting to emend maṅgis, which is more widely represented in kakavin literature, including alongside vulyan or naṅka (Sut 9.3, AVj 34.3; Kor 92), but manuscripts unanimously read maṅhris, which indeed is a very remarkable tree (Koompassia excelsa), most notably for its height. Perhaps see: ki h. II (H.) k.o. shrub or small tree (wood useful for charcoal; also called: ki hurung); see hui, simeut.
    pahomana A C
    pahoma B
    sikaran A C
    vikaran B
    manimpiki B C
    manimpiti A
    panaivāsikan norm.
    panevaśikan A B C
    halapən A B
    hulapən C
    atūt A C
    anut B
    ri C B
    i A C B
    kaśaivan A C
    kaśevakan B
    nihan B
    niha A C
    brahmacārī em.
    brahma:ri A Cbrahmanari B
    gr̥hasthaś ca B
    gr̥hastha śrūya A C
    yathākramāt norm.
    yathakramat· A B C
    trayāṇāñ norm.
    traya:nañ A B C
    tasya em.
    tasyaṃ A B Ctasiyam B
    gaṇanāṅkitam norm.
    gananaṅkitam Bgalhaṅkikam· A C

    gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho yatistathā
    grāmastho em.
    grāmasjah Bgramastha:ḥ Agramasvah C
    bhikṣukaḥ B
    bhakṣukaḥ A C
    yukto em.
    yutam A B C
    bhaikṣena em.
    bhikṣena Bbhikṣela A C
    Note, once again the tendency for akṣara na to be misread as la.
    vartataḥ em.
    partavah Bpārvavaḥ A C
    mr̥to norm.
    mr̥taḥ A B C
    toye B
    toyeḥ A C
    nr̥po conj.
    nr̥pan A Bdr̥pan C
    bhikṣum na em.
    bhikṣun na A Cbhikṣuna B
    na viṣam viṣam em.
    bhaviṣa vviṣam A C B
    āhuḥ norm.
    ahuḥ A C B
    devasvam viṣam em.
    devasva vviṣam A Bdevasvavmiṣam C
    manyate B
    abhyate A C
    A case of degemination of akṣara ma at word boundary for ms. B.
    deva-dr̥vyaṁ em.
    devan dr̥vya:n A C B
    tad em.
    tam A C B

    Such subhāṣitas borrowed from the Dharmaśāstras and defining the property of Brahmins as the most terrible poison occur frequently in the minatory portions of Sanskrit charters from the Indian subcontinent. See for instance charters of the Eastern Calukyas, Western Gaṅgas. In the context of land grants, they insist that the king should never appropriate the property of Brahmins. There are many known variants, focusing around either brahma-svam or deva-svam. Some examples are enumerated in Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, p. 190, n. 98. I have not found any literary or epigraphic parallels for pādas c and d however.
    deva-dr̥vyā conj.
    dr̥vyā A B C
    tah kumənakən norm.
    ta kumənakən Btaṁ tumnakən· A C
    deyaniṅ A B
    deniṅ C
    paṅasthānanira A B
    paṅasva:nanira A C
    səḍaṅanyan B
    sḍaṅan A C
    svakāryā norm.
    soka:ryya: A Bsakādya C
    svakāryānira em.
    saka:ryya:nira A B
    salīlānira tah A B C
    The use of the pronominal suffix -nira is erroneous here and would require emending to the personal pronoun sira, unless we assume that the base form is not sira I but sira II. The latter has an active form anira (OJED s.v. sira II) which can be translated, albeit uncertainly, as ‘to be together’.
    kna B
    knana A C
    riṅ B
    ... A C
    turun-turun A C
    turun-turunan B
    Both terms appear in epigraphical and literary sources. It is not clear whether these are two distinct types of taxes, or one single concept alternatively designated by two different terms. turun-turun seems to be more frequent in epigraphy (cf. Goris, van Stein Callenfels), so we tentatively edit accordingly.
    tapvān B C
    kapva:n A
    ta B
    ... A C
    śauca norm.
    soca Bśobha A C
    samaṅkana B
    maṅka A C
    viku pjah A C
    vikvar tah C
    anapatya B
    anamatya A C
    anapatya B
    anamatya A C
    thāni B
    va:ni A C
    kamūlan B
    ... A C
    anapatya B
    matya A C
    paranātah em.
    paranataḥ A Bparanata C
    See below, at the end of this section, the same expression salah parana.
    partaya B
    martaya A C
    paṅjurvan norm.
    pañjurvan A Cpanjarvan B
    anapatya B
    anamatya A C
    yan em.
    ya A C
    umarpaṇākəna norm.
    umārpanakəna A Bumalapanakna C
    anapatya B
    anamatya A C
    svaryātasya norm.
    sva:ryyatasya A B C
    hi em.
    ti A B C
    svadr̥vyam em.
    soḥ dr̥vyaṁ* A B C
    pustakādikam norm.
    pustaka:ḍikam· A Cpustakaditam B
    tad norm.
    tat A Btat· ta C
    guror em.
    guruḥ A B C
    vaśam āpannam em.
    vasam apanam Bva:śahapannaṁ* Cva:śahapannaṁ* A
    bahnaye conj.
    bha:nahya A Cbanahya B
    arhati em.
    aḥhati A Cahati B

    svaśiṣyakas tu yad dravyaṁ yat kiṁ cit pustakādikam tad guror vaśam āpannam anyebhyo dātum arhati

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    .
    abhāvāt em.
    ana:vat A Canata B
    tad bhāgaiḥ B
    ad na:gaiḥ A C
    devadeva A
    dedevava C... B
    svabhāgo ’nyaḥ em.
    śrubha:go nya A C... B
    dvitīyaś cāpy em.
    dvitiyaśa:py A C... B
    athāgnaye em.
    ada:gnayet· A C... B

    guror abhāvāt tadbhāvabhāvāc chāstrāṇi kārayet mahad dhi devadevāya dvitīyaṁ cāpy athāgnaye

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    ” .
    bhojanaṁ pi A C
    ... B
    Note the use of the irregular form bhojanaṁ pi. For the use of pi instead of api following an anusvāra in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, see Schoterman 1978 with reference to Edgerton 1953. An alternative could be to emend bhojane ’pi tr̥tīyaḥ syāt.
    niḥsvaḥ norm.
    nisva A C... B
    tanmātraṁ A
    tanmakram C... B
    tat em.
    na A C... B
    sampradīyate A
    sampradippate C... B

    bhājanādi tr̥tīyaṁ tu nisve syād athavā yadi tanmātraṁ yasya tan nāsti tat tasya tu pradāpayet

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    svāryagurur dravyaṁ mahat C
    sva:ryya: guruḥ dr̥vyam mahat· A... B
    Explain that the Skt text as edited by Bhatt is in all probability the original reading. Loss of tasya would have led to some rearrangments in the text as transmitted to us in Balinese mss., notably svaryā to svārya, guror to gurur, and insertion of mahat to regain 8 syllables, altough this stopgap does not yield an acceptable cadence.
    vinivedayet em.
    viniveśayet A B C
    kartavyaṁ em.
    tartavyaṁ* Btarttavyaṁ* C
    vibhos em.
    vinos A B C
    prāsādādikam B
    pra:sadatikam A C
    ādarāt em.
    atarot· A Cukarot B

    svaryātasya guror dravyaṁ devāya vinivedayet kartavyaṁ ca vibhos tena prāsādādikam ādarāt

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    pustakānāṁ em.
    pastikaṁ*ni A Cpastikanam B
    yathā-jyeṣṭha, em.
    yathājyeṣṭaḥ Ayatajiyestah Byatājyeṣṭi C
    kartavyam abhiyuktais em.
    vya:turyyat· haṣṭiyuktes Atyatūryyat· hastiyuktes Cviyakuryat· baktiyuktais B
    śiṣyair em.
    śiṣyaḥ A Csisiyah B
    nyāyena em.
    bhyayaśru Anyayaśru Cniyayasca B

    pustakānāṁ yathā-jyeṣṭha-krameṇa paripālanam kartavyam abhiyuktais tu śiṣyair nyāyena sarvadā

    No translation available yet for this part of the edition DHARMA_CritEdRsisasana

    vāthula conj.
    bakula A Cbarkula B
    The Vāthula seems to be another designation of the Āgneyatantra, one of the twenty-eight "principal" Siddhāntatantras which has no surviving work associated with it. However, a good number of upabhedas, including several recensions of the Kālottara, present themselves as redactions of the Āgneya/Vāthula (Goodall 1998: xlv–xlvi, Goodall 2004: xxiii–xxv).
    yatīnāṁ B
    yatana:ṁ A C
    pustakādikam norm.
    pustakaḍikaṁ* A C B
    grāmyebhyas em.
    śra:mobhyaḥ A Cgramobiyah B
    tan em.
    ta A C B
    dātavyaṁ norm.
    dataviyam Bda:kavyaṁ A C
    gurūtsedho em.
    guruḥ cchada A Cguruceda B
    ‘bhidhīyate em.
    vididyate Cvidhidyute A B
    panaivāsikan norm.
    panevaśikan A B C
    ri gə̄ṅny em.
    ry agəṅ Bryy a:{*}gə:ṁny Ayy agə:ṁny C
    Or would saṅkā ry agə̄ṅny ārəmbha be grammatically acceptable?
    ata B
    ana A C
    ri bhaṭāra A C
    ri pada bhaṭāra B
    āṅuṅsi A C
    āləṅkipa B
    gəgə̄nənira B C
    gəgəṁnənira A
    suśāstranirā em.
    suśa:ntranira: A B C
    tilāhuti em.
    tilahoti A B C
    sampun A B C
    Emend sampūrṇa?
    parasparopasarpaṇa A B
    parasparopasanapa:na C
    kasuśāstran em.
    kasuśa:ntran· A B C
    kadeyakna em.
    padeyakna A B C
    Cf. Ślokāntara, kunaṅ kadeyakna de saṅ sādhujana kabeh, and Airlangga inscriptions (kadeyakna taṇḍa rakryān).
    makāvə̄r C
    pakāvə̄r A B
    upadeśa A C
    paṅupadeśa B
    paliddha conj.
    paliḍura A C
    This term appears in lists of furnitures in the inscriptions dating from or containing material from the time of Mpu Sindok, viz. Vatukura I (5r4, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva) and Paradah II (ta(92)syan lid-lid tlu sanek paliddha), as well as in kakavin poetry (cf. Sumanasāntaka 115.2d, Bhomāntaka). OJED offers s.v. paliḍa ‘a kind of vessel or container for food?’
    maṇḍi-maṇḍi C
    ṣaṇḍi-ṣaṇḍi Asaṇḍi-saṇḍi B
    brisadi A C
    brisaḍa B
    svīkāraṇā A C
    vikarana B
    paṅunəṅan B
    maṅuniṅan· Amaṅunəṅan· C
    mvaṅ saməgat em.
    mvaṅ məgat Bmvi sambat· A C
    The paṅunəṅan and the suṅgiṅ are two categories of functionaries which often appear side by side in lists of maṅilala dr̥vya haji. See Pūrvādhigama and Trihuvana.
    saṅ mūla B
    samūla A C
    pinakaviku B
    sinakaviku A C
    citrakāra B
    citraṁka:ra A C
    paliddha conj.
    paliḍura A C
    See supra note X.
    ...
    A rather long passage seems to be missing here. The preceding objects appear in epigraphy in lists of ornaments which the beneficiary of grants are allowed to display, so one would expect a term for a general category of objects to follow after salvirniṅ.
    mara riṅ B
    masiṁ A C
    macaṅkramāta … saṅ prabhu A C
    saṁ banva A Cvalilaraṅan· A Com. B
    The reading of B, jumping directly from śūdra to salviranya, seems equally satisfactory.
    sabanva em.
    saṁ banva A Com. B (larger gap)
    salinaraṅan conj.
    valilaraṅan· A Com. B (larger gap)
    partaya B
    ma:rthaya Amorthaya C
    rāma A B
    ra:pa C
    pratyupakaraṇātah A B
    pratyumakaraṇataḥ C
    sakāṅkus A B C
    sakaṅkup C
    panisik-nisika A C
    panik-nisika B
    panahi-tikusa B
    pahitikusa A C
    paguṇa-doṣa B
    paṅguṇa-doṣa A C
    sirāmpu B
    Arampu A C
    ivak hyaṅ A B
    ivak i hyaṁ
    kṣetra…juga B
    ... A C (eye-skip)
    Emend sakabala-balanya, etc.?
    kr̥tānugrahanira A C B
    Or emend kr̥tānugraha sira? See other examples in Agastyaparva where we have -nira instead of expected sira.
    riṅ B C
    ri A
    tapa A B
    tama C
    pāpanikaṅ A B
    pa:ma C
    laṅghyana ri B
    laṅghyanara A C
    pātañjala norm.
    pratañjala Bpatañcala A C
    sulambitakən A B
    pulambitakən· C
    sarva A C
    sarvasarva B
    iṅ ulā magə̄ṅ A B
    iṁ lama:gəṁ C
    si pamuṅvan B
    sapamuṅvan· A C
    Compare with four inscriptions of Sindok’s time: Alasantan (plate 4, l. 6: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa paṅananniṁ vvīl· si pamuṅvan·), Linggasuntan (face C, l. 36-37: sampallan dening rakṣasā paṅananniṁ vuṅgal si pamuṅvan), Kampak (face C, l. 13: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa, paṅanann iṁ vuIl si pamuṅuAn), and Paradah I (2b11: paṅananniṁ vuIl· si pamuṅuAn).
    labuhakən iṅ norm.
    ləbvakəniṁ A B C
    tuviran B
    kuviran· A C
    patyana B
    matyana A C
    śaṅkuhən norm.
    saṅkuhən A B C
    There is no verbal form in the entry s.v. śanku 1 (‘a particular kind of weapon’). The passive irrealis form used here is spelled with an h, which serves to bridge the hiatus between base and suffix -ən.
    maliṅ A B
    mali C
    saparananyānəmva pāpa norm.
    sasarana:nya:n mapa:pa Asaparananyannəmva papa Bsasarakanyan mapa:pa C
    sapolahnyānəmva A B
    sapolahnyanḍa C
    anəmva A B
    hanḍa C
    vuḍuga norm.
    huḍuga A Cvuduga B
    bisuha A B
    biḍuha C
    tuliha, lumpuha B
    lumpuha, tuliha A C
    piṅsaptāṅjanma A
    piṅsaptanjanma Bpiṁsaptaṅtanma C
    atra-paratra A
    atrapatra C
    panəmuhenak em.
    panəmu inak Bpanəmu hinik· A C
    saṅ A B
    sa C
    r̥ṣiśāsana A C
    R̥ṣiśa:śana Irika: divaśa rahyaṁta ri mḍaṁ, Ampu sidḍa pa:ṇḍita, makon· kumayatnakna, ri kadeyakna hikanaṁ janma manuṣa, CR̥śiśa:śana C
    The fact that the scribe has cancelled the extra text in A reinforces my impression that it is an interpolation.

    Apparatus


    ^1. namaḥ] norm., nama A B C D
    ^2. nr̥po] norm., nr̥paḥ B A D C
    ^3. pūrvakadevatāsīt] B, pūrvvatadevata:sət A, pūrvvatadetasət C D • Note the use of the term devatā, which is used in epigraphy within curse formulas since the Central Javanese period (inscriptions of Mantyasih from 829 Śaka, Sugih Manek from 837 Śaka) to invoke the spirits of royal ancestors (van Naerssen 1976: 301–302; de Casparis and Mabbett 1999: 310). In the Mantyasih inscription of king Balitung we find a clear illustration of the inclusion of the names of deceased rulers under the designation rahyaṅta rumuhun, a formula which is later replaced by devata prasiddha.
    ^4. dattvā] norm., da:tva A, datva B
    ^5. suśāstraṁ] em., suśa:ntraṁ* B A D, suśantraṅ C
    ^6. śivaśāsanākhyam] norm., śiva:śa:śanakyaṁ* A, sivasasanakiyam B, śaṣakyəṅ C D
    ^7. śaivaiḥ] norm., śaivai A D, saiveh B, śove C
    ^8. sadā pūjakr̥taiḥ] em., seda:paja- A C D, sadapaja- B
    ^9. tam evam] em., tumevaṁ* A B D, tumeviṅ C
    ^10. prajeśayor namyaṁ] em., prajasya:yo naṁ*ya A B, prajasyayo nəṁya C
    ^11. śubhāya ciram] norm., subhāyabhiram A C D, subhaya ciram B • Read cīram.
    ^12. mintonakən] A B D, mintonakəka C
    ^13. āvaknirar paṅanti] B, āvaknira maṅanti A C D
    ^14. maveh] A C, vehən B, madeva D
    ^15. suśāstra] A C, susanta B, sura:stra D
    ^16. paṅinak-inak] A B D, paṅinak-ənak C
    ^17. hajəṅa] A C D, rahajəṅga B
    ^18. sinivi] A D C, sivi B
    ^19. riṅ kabhujaṅgan] em., kabhujaṅgan B, kebhujaṅgan A D, kenujaṅgan C • The presence of a taling in A and C is a clue to the presence of a short segment of text between sinivi and kabhujaṅgan in the original. I assume that a copist would have misread particle riṅ for a vocalic mark. Compare with the numerous occurrences of the expression sinivi riṅ.
    ^20. ulah, śīla,] A B C D, • Parallels in many other texts do not include śīla after ulah in this series of three. So it seems that śīla was meant to gloss ulah, specifying that good conduct is the type of action intended here, among the variety of meanings ulah can take. It should not be considered as a fourth element.
    ^21. nihan] em., nahan A B C D
    ^22. maitrī] em., metri A B, met riṅ C
    ^23. sukha karuṇa] B, ... A C D
    ^24. tuṣṭi] A C D, tusta B
    ^25. kamupekṣan] A B D, kapupekṣan C
    ^26. maitrī ṅaranika] L B, ... A C B D
    ^27. samodana] B, samoḍana A
    ^28. tapasvinā] em., tapasvinam A B, tapthasminam C
    ^29. śamarūpam] em., samarūpam B, samarūpəm A, samarupək C
    ^30. pinakarūpanira] A C, pinakarusanira B
    ^31. pinakabratanira], • It seems that some text has been lost in front of pinakabratanira. In particular, one would expect something like ikā ta kabeh, or an equivalent formula. Revise this in view of TL’s explanation.
    ^32. prajābandhu] em., prajavanda A, prajavanda B • The term vandhu appears occasionally in Sanskritized compounds or collocations in Old Javanese texts such as Deśavarṇana (18.6b, vandhuvarga; 31.2b vandhu haji), but rather in its meaning of ‘relation, family’ than ‘friend’. The emendation nonetheless seems preferable to the reading -bandha.
    ^33. udan] A B, udun C
    ^34. mataṅnyan] B, mantaṅnyan A, mantaṅṅan C
    ^35. məḍaṅ] A B, mbaṅ C
    ^36. puhavaṅ] em., mpu havaṁ A B C
    ^37. sirāmrayatna] A C, sira prayatna B
    ^38. manu-hāgama-mānava] em., manuhagamanava A C D, manusasana, manuraga, manava B
    ^39. deva] A B, sadeva C
    ^40. māheśvara] norm., maheśvara A B C
    ^41. parameśvara] A C D, maheśvara B
    ^42. air bulaṅ] A C D, ... B
    ^43. air asih] B, air asi A C
    ^44. parhyaṅan] norm., pāryaṅan A B C
    ^45. r̥ṣi] A B, sar̥ṣi C
    ^46. adr̥vya] em., dr̥vya A B C
    ^47. lpas] B, lḍas A, dərlas C, lphas D
    ^48. ry alas] A C D, yar alas B
    ^49. prabhu] A B D, ... C
    ^50. rājaśāsana ṅaranya], • It seems likely that the text is incomplete here. Restore: rājaśāsana, r̥ṣiśāsana ṅaranya.
    ^51. brāhmaṇa] B C, hrahma:ṇa: A
    ^52. pva] em., ta A B C D • Emending to pva in this subordinate clause allows to reconstruct a ta - pva correlation, with the particle ta in the principal clause that follows (tan parabyāpāra ta sira). Oftentimes in Balinese manuscripts particles ta and pva appear to be used interchangeably, with the result that ta may well occur where one would expect pva, as it seems to be the case here.
    ^53. ry asthāna] A D, yar stana B, yyasthana C
    ^54. parabyāpārātaḥ],
    ^55. pucaṅ] A B D, ... C
    ^56. sərəh, nyū] A B D, sərəhnya C
    ^57. talə̄s] A B, talis C
    ^58. bañak] B C, baba:k A
    ^59. parabyāpāra] A B, patabvā para C
    ^60. salvirniṅ kavvaṅanira, taṇḍa rakryan, paməgət, mantri, hulun haji, tan parabyāpāra tapva i sira] A B, ... C
    ^61. āpaṭāraṇa] norm., a:patharaṇa A B C • The normalized spelling follows OJED, although the epigraphical record shows a preponderance for spelling pataraṇa with dental t and short a.
    ^62. kuniṅ] A C, kunəṁ B
    ^63. asurāga kuniṅ] A C, asaraga kunəṁ B
    ^64. apayuṅ joṅ kuniṅ] A C, saprakara apayuṅ kuniṅ
    ^65. acuriṅa], ... A C
    ^66. pati] B, mati A C
    ^67. parasi] norm., paraṣi A B C • This ethnonym is rare but not absent from Old Javanese inscriptions. Damais (1970: 758) records four occurrences in Old Javanese inscriptions, and one in an Old Sundanese manuscript (Holle 1867: 459). It also appears in the Dharma Pātañjala (210.1), within a list of foreigners travelling overseas to Java. In this last text, it is also juxtaposed with uñjəman, a term which denotes another category of Persians (perhaps non-Zoroastrians?).
    ^68. karṣa] A, karṣma C, kasar· B
    ^69. bahijən], • This series of three terms are not listed in OJED and probably warrant emendation. Possible lessons are kutak, kuruṅ, kliṅ, judi, jalir, pabəsar, all terms appearing among lists of foreigners in inscriptions from the 9th to the 15th century.
    ^70. tumutuṅ] B, tumut taṅ A C • See OJED mututuṅ?
    ^71. hiṇḍavan] A B, hiṅḍavan C
    ^72. marivuṅ] B, parivnaṅ A C
    ^73. pati] B, mati A C
    ^74. savinavanya] A C,
    ^75. hananiṅ grāma] A B, hana nigrama C
    ^76. apaṇḍe vsi] A C, ... B
    ^77. samagrig asambevara] em., samagrigəasambehara A, samagrigə sambehara B C
    ^78. āvukiran] A C, a ukir B
    ^79. adagaṅ] B, Adaṅ A C
    ^80. āhuluna] A B, ahulu C
    ^81. ṅuniveh añjamaha] B, ṅuniheñjamaha A C
    ^82. sikaranən] A, svikaranən B, pikaranən C
    ^83. omaha] em., umah A B C • Charters from the Kediri period often have momaha.
    ^84. palaṅka] B, ḍalaṅka A, phalaṅka B
    ^85. ajoṅ] A C, ajənva B
    ^86. apattharaṇa] norm., Apataraṇa A C, apatarana B
    ^87. prativādhaka] B, *pratipaṅvadaka A C • The intended meaning could alternatively have been prativādaka, ’refusing, contradicting’.
    ^88. paṇḍita] A B, piṇḍita C
    ^89. tan] A B, ngan C
    ^90. ikaṅ] A C, irikaṅ B
    ^91. āgave] A B, a:gaveḥ C
    ^92. vulu-vulu] A B, vulu C
    ^93. paṅuraṅ, kriṅ] em., paṅaraṁ kriṁ A C B
    ^94. paranakan] em., paranak· A B, parakan C • But see KBW for pranak, perhaps a Balinese specificity or evolution?
    ^95. vadihaty akudur] em., vadihatya, akudur A C B • See examples in inscriptions of Kediri.
    ^96. sakveh] A B, sakeḥ C
    ^97. limus] em., limas A B C
    ^98. maniga] B, paniga A C
    ^99. makmitan] A C, pakəmitan B
    ^100. vilut] A C, viluk B
    ^101. rakadut] A C, ragadut B
    ^102. rvaṁ] A C, maṅrva B • See parallel expression in Klungkung inscription C (994 Śaka), lines 3-4: tahilaknanya i sira saṅ admak ākmitanāpigajihe rara aṅkən jyaiṣṭa matlu maṅrvaṅ tahun,.
    ^103. avita] norm., Avvita A C B • A similar spelling is used for all instances of this word in this paragraph. Ms. LB is the only witness that gives the spelling avita.
    ^104. 1] em., ba: A C B
    ^105. ma] B, ha A C
    ^106. 1] em., ba A C B
    ^107. siki] A C, sisi B
    ^108. ma sū 15] B, ha su batūr· A, mā su, baur C
    ^109. amutər] B, AAmutər A C
    ^110. ma sū 15] B, ma su batūr· A, ma su tur· C
    ^111. tika kabeh] B, tana:na kabehana A C
    ^112. paṅdva] A B, paṅdvo C
    ^113. kapūjān] A C, kapūjā B
    ^114. dr̥vya hyaṅ] A B, dr̥vyatya C
    ^115. ārogyan] A B, a:rogya: C
    ^116. katəguhakna] A B, kakatəguhakna C
    ^117. yathanyan] norm., yatanyan A C, yavanian B
    ^118. vnaṅan] em., vnaṅa B, vvaṅ A C
    ^119. ḍayaṅ] A B, cayaṅ C
    ^120. kliṅ] B, kniṁ A C
    ^121. paraśi] em., paraśa A C, paravan B • Give parallel passage: Siksa Kandaṅ?
    ^122. tañjuṅpura] A, tañjamura B, huñjuṅpura C
    ^123. buvun] B, buhun A C • The fact that akṣaras va and ha are more or less interchangeable in Old Javanese explains the existence of such variant readings. However, the toponym Buvun has traditionally been edited following this spelling, as in Bujangga Manik and DV (17.5d). It also appears in Siksa Kandaṅ Karəsian (Saleh Danasasmita and Anis Djatisunda 1986) and Sevaka Darma. Buhun appears in Kuñjarakarṇa.
    ^124. pakahulunən] B, makahulunən A, makatulunən C
    ^125. vīja] norm., vija A C, vijan B
    ^126. ndan] A C, don B
    ^127. bhasmāṅkura] A B, kammagura C
    ^128. sikaran] A C, svikaran B
    ^129. samgat] norm., saṅ məgat B, sambat A C
    ^130. masapy āləmbu] A C, sapya ləmbu B
    ^131. ānanəm-nanəm] A B C, • This is perhaps synonym to katanəman?
    ^132. pəṇḍəmən] em., məṇḍəmən A B C
    ^133. kadəgana] A C, kadi gana B
    ^134. sikaranən] A C, vikara B
    ^135. muvah] B C, mavaḥ A
    ^136. burvan] A C, barvan B
    ^137. sikaran] norm., sikaran A C, vikaran B
    ^138. salvit] A C, salvit mvaṅ B
    ^139. sakeṅ] B, sake A C • For a similar idea that this tasks are carried out sake śrī maharaja, see Sima Anglayang 14r6.
    ^140. manimpiki] em., manimpiti A, manəmpiki C, minimpiki B
    ^141. paranakan] em., paranak· A B C
    ^142. sinagiha] em., senagiha B C, sebhagiha A
    ^143. pamaṇikan] norm., pamanikan B, pamalikan A C
    ^144. pabərəkis] norm., • Should one emend pabr̥si? However, that element already stands at the end of this list - actually the subsequent list but not this one precisely, revise? Instead of introducing redundancy, one could retain the lectio difficilior pabərəkis. The verb berekis is not unattested, as its active form ambərəkis appears in the Adhigama (61.19).
    ^145. salyut] em., kulyut· A B C
    ^146. tapa haji] B, kapa haji A C
    ^147. ləca] em., ləva B C, ləra A • We emend although ləva seems to have existed in a number of inscriptions.
    ^148. taṅhiran] B, taṅkiran· A C
    ^149. tan tāma] A C, tamtama B
    ^150. rudradāsa] em., ruddhadaśa A B C
    ^151. bikaṅ] A B, nikaṅ C
    ^152. tañjuṅpura] A B, tuñjuṅpura C
    ^153. baṇyāga] norm., banyaga B, baly aga A Cbanyaga in ms. B seems to be the better reading here. Sea-merchants (baṇyāga) occur in Old Javanese inscriptions, including in the reign of Airlangga (Kamalagyan l. 13, Baru l. 26) and seem to have been a prominent group of foreigners at the Javanese courts. The occurrence of the term Bali aga, or ‘Mountain Balinese’, could be an interesting clue pointing to a period of redaction, at least of this portion of the text, in one of the lowland courts of post-Majapahit Bali (see Reuters 2002; Hauser-Schäublin 2004). However, one can also imagine that in the course of transmission, additional items could have been added to preexisting lists by subsequent compilers in order to ‘update them’. In such an eventuality, baly aga would not necessarily have formed part of the present list at the time of the first redaction of this text. Further, the variant reading banyaga could also suggest a different development: this reading could have been misunderstood by a Balinese scribe, who might have reinterpreted this term in light of the sociological reality of his day. See also phenomenon of retroflex ṇa being read as la.
    ^154. kəḍi] A B, kli C
    ^155. valyan] B C, valya A
    ^156. siṅgah] em., sinaṅguḥ A B C
    ^157. mabr̥si] B, mabvasi A, mabvehsi C
    ^158. baṇigrāma] A C, ... B
    ^159. katkana] A C, katəka B
    ^160. salah] B, alah A C
    ^161. sikaran] A C, vikaran B
    ^162. kāṣṭha] norm., kaṣṭa A B C
    ^163. maṅhris] A B C, • It would be tempting to emend maṅgis, which is more widely represented in kakavin literature, including alongside vulyan or naṅka (Sut 9.3, AVj 34.3; Kor 92), but manuscripts unanimously read maṅhris, which indeed is a very remarkable tree (Koompassia excelsa), most notably for its height. Perhaps see: ki h. II (H.) k.o. shrub or small tree (wood useful for charcoal; also called: ki hurung); see hui, simeut.
    ^164. pahomana] A C, pahoma B
    ^165. sikaran] A C, vikaran B
    ^166. manimpiki] B C, manimpiti A
    ^167. panaivāsikan] norm., panevaśikan A B C
    ^168. halapən] A B, hulapən C
    ^169. atūt] A C, anut B
    ^170. ri] C B, i A C B
    ^171. kaśaivan] A C, kaśevakan B
    ^172. nihan] B, niha A C
    ^173. brahmacārī] em., brahma:ri A C, brahmanari B
    ^174. gr̥hasthaś ca] B, gr̥hastha śrūya A C
    ^175. yathākramāt] norm., yathakramat· A B C
    ^176. trayāṇāñ] norm., traya:nañ A B C
    ^177. tasya] em., tasyaṃ A B C, tasiyam B
    ^178. gaṇanāṅkitam] norm., gananaṅkitam B, galhaṅkikam· A C
    ^179. grāmastho] em., grāmasjah B, gramastha:ḥ A, gramasvah C
    ^180. bhikṣukaḥ] B, bhakṣukaḥ A C
    ^181. yukto] em., yutam A B C
    ^182. bhaikṣena] em., bhikṣena B, bhikṣela A C • Note, once again the tendency for akṣara na to be misread as la.
    ^183. vartataḥ] em., partavah B, pārvavaḥ A C
    ^184. mr̥to] norm., mr̥taḥ A B C
    ^185. toye] B, toyeḥ A C
    ^186. nr̥po] conj., nr̥pan A B, dr̥pan C
    ^187. bhikṣum na] em., bhikṣun na A C, bhikṣuna B
    ^188. na viṣam viṣam] em., bhaviṣa vviṣam A C B
    ^189. āhuḥ] norm., ahuḥ A C B
    ^190. devasvam viṣam] em., devasva vviṣam A B, devasvavmiṣam C
    ^191. manyate] B, abhyate A C • A case of degemination of akṣara ma at word boundary for ms. B.
    ^192. deva-dr̥vyaṁ] em., devan dr̥vya:n A C B
    ^193. tad] em., tam A C B
    ^194. deva-dr̥vyā] conj., dr̥vyā A B C
    ^195. tah kumənakən] norm., ta kumənakən B, taṁ tumnakən· A C
    ^196. deyaniṅ] A B, deniṅ C
    ^197. paṅasthānanira] A B, paṅasva:nanira A C
    ^198. səḍaṅanyan] B, sḍaṅan A C
    ^199. svakāryā] norm., soka:ryya: A B, sakādya C
    ^200. svakāryānira] em., saka:ryya:nira A B
    ^201. salīlānira tah] A B C, • The use of the pronominal suffix -nira is erroneous here and would require emending to the personal pronoun sira, unless we assume that the base form is not sira I but sira II. The latter has an active form anira (OJED s.v. sira II) which can be translated, albeit uncertainly, as ‘to be together’.
    ^202. kna] B, knana A C
    ^203. riṅ] B, ... A C
    ^204. turun-turun] A C, turun-turunan B • Both terms appear in epigraphical and literary sources. It is not clear whether these are two distinct types of taxes, or one single concept alternatively designated by two different terms. turun-turun seems to be more frequent in epigraphy (cf. Goris, van Stein Callenfels), so we tentatively edit accordingly.
    ^205. tapvān] B C, kapva:n A
    ^206. ta] B, ... A C
    ^207. śauca] norm., soca B, śobha A C
    ^208. samaṅkana] B, maṅka A C
    ^209. viku pjah] A C, vikvar tah C
    ^210. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
    ^211. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
    ^212. thāni] B, va:ni A C
    ^213. kamūlan] B, ... A C
    ^214. anapatya] B, matya A C
    ^215. paranātah] em., paranataḥ A B, paranata C • See below, at the end of this section, the same expression salah parana.
    ^216. partaya] B, martaya A C
    ^217. paṅjurvan] norm., pañjurvan A C, panjarvan B
    ^218. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
    ^219. yan] em., ya A C
    ^220. umarpaṇākəna] norm., umārpanakəna A B, umalapanakna C
    ^221. anapatya] B, anamatya A C
    ^222. svaryātasya] norm., sva:ryyatasya A B C
    ^223. hi] em., ti A B C
    ^224. svadr̥vyam] em., soḥ dr̥vyaṁ* A B C
    ^225. pustakādikam] norm., pustaka:ḍikam· A C, pustakaditam B
    ^226. tad] norm., tat A B, tat· ta C
    ^227. guror] em., guruḥ A B C
    ^228. vaśam āpannam] em., vasam apanam B, va:śahapannaṁ* C, va:śahapannaṁ* A
    ^229. bahnaye] conj., bha:nahya A C, banahya B
    ^230. arhati] em., aḥhati A C, ahati B
    ^231. abhāvāt] em., ana:vat A C, anata B
    ^232. tad bhāgaiḥ] B, ad na:gaiḥ A C
    ^233. devadeva] A, dedevava C, ... B
    ^234. svabhāgo ’nyaḥ] em., śrubha:go nya A C, ... B
    ^235. dvitīyaś cāpy] em., dvitiyaśa:py A C, ... B
    ^236. athāgnaye] em., ada:gnayet· A C, ... B
    ^237. bhojanaṁ pi] A C, ... B • Note the use of the irregular form bhojanaṁ pi. For the use of pi instead of api following an anusvāra in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, see Schoterman 1978 with reference to Edgerton 1953. An alternative could be to emend bhojane ’pi tr̥tīyaḥ syāt.
    ^238. niḥsvaḥ] norm., nisva A C, ... B
    ^239. tanmātraṁ] A, tanmakram C, ... B
    ^240. tat] em., na A C, ... B
    ^241. sampradīyate] A, sampradippate C, ... B
    ^242. svāryagurur dravyaṁ mahat] C, sva:ryya: guruḥ dr̥vyam mahat· A, ... B • Explain that the Skt text as edited by Bhatt is in all probability the original reading. Loss of tasya would have led to some rearrangments in the text as transmitted to us in Balinese mss., notably svaryā to svārya, guror to gurur, and insertion of mahat to regain 8 syllables, altough this stopgap does not yield an acceptable cadence.
    ^243. vinivedayet] em., viniveśayet A B C
    ^244. kartavyaṁ] em., tartavyaṁ* B, tarttavyaṁ* C
    ^245. vibhos] em., vinos A B C
    ^246. prāsādādikam] B, pra:sadatikam A C
    ^247. ādarāt] em., atarot· A C, ukarot B
    ^248. pustakānāṁ] em., pastikaṁ*ni A C, pastikanam B
    ^249. yathā-jyeṣṭha,] em., yathājyeṣṭaḥ A, yatajiyestah B, yatājyeṣṭi C
    ^250. kartavyam abhiyuktais] em., vya:turyyat· haṣṭiyuktes A, tyatūryyat· hastiyuktes C, viyakuryat· baktiyuktais B
    ^251. śiṣyair] em., śiṣyaḥ A C, sisiyah B
    ^252. nyāyena] em., bhyayaśru A, nyayaśru C, niyayasca B
    ^253. vāthula] conj., bakula A C, barkula B • The Vāthula seems to be another designation of the Āgneyatantra, one of the twenty-eight "principal" Siddhāntatantras which has no surviving work associated with it. However, a good number of upabhedas, including several recensions of the Kālottara, present themselves as redactions of the Āgneya/Vāthula (Goodall 1998: xlv–xlvi, Goodall 2004: xxiii–xxv).
    ^254. yatīnāṁ] B, yatana:ṁ A C
    ^255. pustakādikam] norm., pustakaḍikaṁ* A C B
    ^256. grāmyebhyas] em., śra:mobhyaḥ A C, gramobiyah B
    ^257. tan] em., ta A C B
    ^258. dātavyaṁ] norm., dataviyam B, da:kavyaṁ A C
    ^259. gurūtsedho] em., guruḥ cchada A C, guruceda B
    ^260. ‘bhidhīyate] em., vididyate C, vidhidyute A B
    ^261. panaivāsikan] norm., panevaśikan A B C
    ^262. ri gə̄ṅny] em., ry agəṅ B, ryy a:{*}gə:ṁny A, yy agə:ṁny C • Or would saṅkā ry agə̄ṅny ārəmbha be grammatically acceptable?
    ^263. ata] B, ana A C
    ^264. ri bhaṭāra] A C, ri pada bhaṭāra B
    ^265. āṅuṅsi] A C, āləṅkipa B
    ^266. gəgə̄nənira] B C, gəgəṁnənira A
    ^267. suśāstranirā] em., suśa:ntranira: A B C
    ^268. tilāhuti] em., tilahoti A B C
    ^269. sampun] A B C, • Emend sampūrṇa?
    ^270. parasparopasarpaṇa] A B, parasparopasanapa:na C
    ^271. kasuśāstran] em., kasuśa:ntran· A B C
    ^272. kadeyakna] em., padeyakna A B C • Cf. Ślokāntara, kunaṅ kadeyakna de saṅ sādhujana kabeh, and Airlangga inscriptions (kadeyakna taṇḍa rakryān).
    ^273. makāvə̄r] C, pakāvə̄r A B
    ^274. upadeśa] A C, paṅupadeśa B
    ^275. paliddha] conj., paliḍura A C • This term appears in lists of furnitures in the inscriptions dating from or containing material from the time of Mpu Sindok, viz. Vatukura I (5r4, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva) and Paradah II (ta(92)syan lid-lid tlu sanek paliddha), as well as in kakavin poetry (cf. Sumanasāntaka 115.2d, Bhomāntaka). OJED offers s.v. paliḍa ‘a kind of vessel or container for food?’
    ^276. maṇḍi-maṇḍi] C, ṣaṇḍi-ṣaṇḍi A, saṇḍi-saṇḍi B
    ^277. brisadi] A C, brisaḍa B
    ^278. svīkāraṇā] A C, vikarana B
    ^279. paṅunəṅan] B, maṅuniṅan· A, maṅunəṅan· C
    ^280. mvaṅ saməgat] em., mvaṅ məgat B, mvi sambat· A C • The paṅunəṅan and the suṅgiṅ are two categories of functionaries which often appear side by side in lists of maṅilala dr̥vya haji. See Pūrvādhigama and Trihuvana.
    ^281. saṅ mūla] B, samūla A C
    ^282. pinakaviku] B, sinakaviku A C
    ^283. citrakāra] B, citraṁka:ra A C
    ^284. paliddha] conj., paliḍura A C • See supra note X.
    ^285. ...], • A rather long passage seems to be missing here. The preceding objects appear in epigraphy in lists of ornaments which the beneficiary of grants are allowed to display, so one would expect a term for a general category of objects to follow after salvirniṅ.
    ^286. mara riṅ] B, masiṁ A C
    ^287. macaṅkramāta … saṅ prabhu] A C, saṁ banva A C, valilaraṅan· A C, om. B • The reading of B, jumping directly from śūdra to salviranya, seems equally satisfactory.
    ^288. sabanva] em., saṁ banva A C, om. B (larger gap)
    ^289. salinaraṅan] conj., valilaraṅan· A C, om. B (larger gap)
    ^290. partaya] B, ma:rthaya A, morthaya C
    ^291. rāma] A B, ra:pa C
    ^292. pratyupakaraṇātah] A B, pratyumakaraṇataḥ C
    ^293. sakāṅkus] A B C, sakaṅkup C
    ^294. panisik-nisika] A C, panik-nisika B
    ^295. panahi-tikusa] B, pahitikusa A C
    ^296. paguṇa-doṣa] B, paṅguṇa-doṣa A C
    ^297. sirāmpu] B, Arampu A C
    ^298. ivak hyaṅ] A B, ivak i hyaṁ
    ^299. kṣetra…juga] B, ... A C (eye-skip) • Emend sakabala-balanya, etc.?
    ^300. kr̥tānugrahanira] A C B, • Or emend kr̥tānugraha sira? See other examples in Agastyaparva where we have -nira instead of expected sira.
    ^301. riṅ] B C, ri A
    ^302. tapa] A B, tama C
    ^303. pāpanikaṅ] A B, pa:ma C
    ^304. laṅghyana ri] B, laṅghyanara A C
    ^305. pātañjala] norm., pratañjala B, patañcala A C
    ^306. sulambitakən] A B, pulambitakən· C
    ^307. sarva] A C, sarvasarva B
    ^308. iṅ ulā magə̄ṅ] A B, iṁ lama:gəṁ C
    ^309. si pamuṅvan] B, sapamuṅvan· A C • Compare with four inscriptions of Sindok’s time: Alasantan (plate 4, l. 6: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa paṅananniṁ vvīl· si pamuṅvan·), Linggasuntan (face C, l. 36-37: sampallan dening rakṣasā paṅananniṁ vuṅgal si pamuṅvan), Kampak (face C, l. 13: sampalann iṁ rākṣasa, paṅanann iṁ vuIl si pamuṅuAn), and Paradah I (2b11: paṅananniṁ vuIl· si pamuṅuAn).
    ^310. labuhakən iṅ] norm., ləbvakəniṁ A B C
    ^311. tuviran] B, kuviran· A C
    ^312. patyana] B, matyana A C
    ^313. śaṅkuhən] norm., saṅkuhən A B C • There is no verbal form in the entry s.v. śanku 1 (‘a particular kind of weapon’). The passive irrealis form used here is spelled with an h, which serves to bridge the hiatus between base and suffix -ən.
    ^314. maliṅ] A B, mali C
    ^315. saparananyānəmva pāpa] norm., sasarana:nya:n mapa:pa A, saparananyannəmva papa B, sasarakanyan mapa:pa C
    ^316. sapolahnyānəmva] A B, sapolahnyanḍa C
    ^317. anəmva] A B, hanḍa C
    ^318. vuḍuga] norm., huḍuga A C, vuduga B
    ^319. bisuha] A B, biḍuha C
    ^320. tuliha, lumpuha] B, lumpuha, tuliha A C
    ^321. piṅsaptāṅjanma] A, piṅsaptanjanma B, piṁsaptaṅtanma C
    ^322. atra-paratra] A, atrapatra C
    ^323. panəmuhenak] em., panəmu inak B, panəmu hinik· A C
    ^324. saṅ] A B, sa C
    ^325. r̥ṣiśāsana] A C, R̥ṣiśa:śana Irika: divaśa rahyaṁta ri mḍaṁ, Ampu sidḍa pa:ṇḍita, makon· kumayatnakna, ri kadeyakna hikanaṁ janma manuṣa, C, R̥śiśa:śana C • The fact that the scribe has cancelled the extra text in A reinforces my impression that it is an interpolation.

    Translation Notes

    Commentary

    Bibliography